FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1935 •HOWS SPEED OF THOUGHT A method of studying the move ments of the eye In reading aloud, and correlating them with the actual pronunciation of the words, has Jfteen announced In Science Maga zine by Prof. Joseph Tiffin of lowa university. • Photographic records of the eye aira the "sound track" produced by the Tolce show that the voice lags about a second behind the eye. This may be taken as a measure of the speed of thought: the time required for the mind to recognize the word and transmit the necessary orders to the speech apparatus. The record also shows that the eye does not travel smoothly along a line of type, but proceeds by a series of jerks. ' Untouched by Progress ' tfhe Galapagos, tips of huge volca noes peering above the surface of the Pacific, are probably the most prim itive inhabited lands still existent. Start the day foaling flTrnd . | \ ■m'l Irt t ilnffliti oitrcrewdad (o C??SN I «nIW!NiI!youbick. 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We show you how. Write Home Employ meat. SOU Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. U. S. Entry Into League Still Moot Question Home of the League of Nations at Geneva. By WILLIAM C. UTLEY THE League of Nations was fifteen years old on January 10. During those years It has accomplished many things and failed in others. It has at least been man's most concrete and tangi ble attempt to recognize Interna tional brotherhood, the geograph ical shrinkage of the world as sci ence has conquered time and space, and the futility of war. The two outstanding accomplish ments of the league In 1934, In the opinion of most authorities on In ternational affairs, Justified Its ex istence. It maintained order dur ing the Saar plebiscite period and relieved the electric tension that held Europe because It brought about a peaceable settlement be tween France and Germany. It pre vented war between Yugoslavia and Hungary, over the assassination of King Alexander, by getting these nations to accept its settlement of their differences. Its outstanding "dud" was Its failure to do any thing about the Chaco war. An American, In fact, the No. 1 of his day, President Woodrow Wil son, originated the Idea of a League of Nations in 1918. The league, product of human Intelligence and experience over many years of strife and valueless bloodshed, was the thinker's answer to the question "What shall we do to prevent the occurrence of another horrible war In the future?" The league Idea was crystallzed Into an acute fact In 1919; and the most conspicuous nation In the dis cussions from which It was born was the United States, conspicuous, as the saying goes, by its absence. Ever since then the topic "Shall the United States Join the League of Nations?" has been the subject of spirited debate in the nation's capital, its business conferences and 1n front-porch leisure hours when Mr. and Mrs. American Voter dis cussed with their neighbors the ac tivities of the persons they had sent to Washington to look after their interests. At various times within the last fifteen years, the thing has come to a head. Points pro and con have been driven with such a persistence and enthusiasm that It seemed something would have to be done about It. • The latest of these boiling points occurred when George 11. Tinkham, the representative from Massachu setts, declared that the United States was somewhat surreptitious ly being dragged into the League of Nations against its will. Tink ham accused Miss Frances Perkins, the secretary of labor, of "con temptible trickery and gross fraud" In connection with the country's be coming a member of the Interna tional labor organization. This Is only a wedge to work the United Woodrow Wilson. Stajtes Into the League of Nations, said Representative Tinkham, and Is merely a forerunner to the United States' act of Joining the World court. World Court Up Again. Twelve years of bickering have attended the resolution for Imme diate adherence of America to the World court. But recently It was favorably reported by the senate committee on foreign relations. Senator Joseph T. Robinson of Ar kansas, the majority leader, has an nounced that he will bring the mat ter up on the floor of the senate at the earliest opportunity. Most of his op-position will come from Sena tor Hamilton who has stood out as the chief opponent of the league Idea for years. This nation's membership In the World court Is advocated through the protocol proposed by Elihu Root, former secretary of state, and lead ing European Jurors. The World court, like the League THE ROCKY MOUNT HERALD, ROCKY MOUNT, NORTH CAROLINA or nations, 19 an outgrowth of American ideas. At the first Hague conference in 1899, the American delegation proposed plans for a "permanent court of international Justice." Out of this grew the Per manent Court of Arbitration, more popularly known as the Hague Court of Arbitration. The Hague Is not a court that meets regularly. Only when a con troversy is submitted by some na tion or nations do the arbitrators, selected from member nations, gath er together. The court has no pow er to Impose its decisions on the parties concerned, but can merely advise, seeking to conciliate the parties. Independent of League. • This court functions altogether Independently of the league, al though It is a part of the league, with provisions made for it In Ar ticle 14 of the league's covenant. The Judges are named not by the league, but by the national groups ,r - m ! «| iH I George H. Tinkham. which belonged to The Hague tribunal, according to the "Root Formula." The electipn of the Judges, however, Is by a majority vote of the assembly and the coun cil of the League of Nations, each body meeting separately. Meeting each year In June, the World court considers cases only with the consent of both parties— or nations—concerned. Requiring its attention are matters such as Interpretations of treaties, matters of international law, and the exist ence of conditions that would mean a breach of International obliga tions. Members may submit all of their disputes to the court or they may recognize the court but de cline to submit their controversies to its Judgment The United States, although It was a member of The Hague tri bunal and although the World court was suggested by an Ameri can, has never become a member of the World court. In January, 1926, the senate voted to become a mem ber of the World court If the mem ber nations would accept the fol lowing provisions: (a) Adherence to the court should not Involve any legal relation on the part of the United States to the League of Na tions. (b) The United States would pay a fair share of the ex penses of the court as fixed by con gress. (c) The United States must have an equal voice with the other nations In the selection of Judges, (d) The United States must be privileged to withdraw from the court at any time, and the statute of the court should not be amend ed without our consent, (e) All opinions of the court must be an nounced publicly, and only after due notice has been given all mem ber states and Interested parties. In September, 1926, the fifth of these reservations was, ( as might have been expected, rejected by the representatives of the member na tions. President Coolidge then defi nitely said that the World court Is sue was "dead." Root Plan Acceptable. The United States really wanted to Join the court, however, and in 1928 membership in the court was a plank in the platforms of both the Democratic and Republican par ties. In the following year Eiihu Root was sent to Europe to confer with a committee of Jurists which was revising the original statute of the World court. Mr. Root de vised a plan for the entry of the United States which was acceptable to all the member nations. The Root Formula, as it has been called ever since, was the subject of praise from the then President Hoover, who included it In his first annual message to congress in 1929, urging that the United States be come a member. The Root Formula, which Is still the article by which the proponents of Jhe World court hope to secure the entry of the United States, was of course devised to get around the objectionable fifth section of the original provisions for American, membership. These are the chief points of the Root Formula, which I Is still being cited as desirable' when there are discussions of this country's entry: (a) If the United States Is or Is about to become In- i volved In a dispute with another nation, the matter cannot be brought before the World court 1 without our consent, even for the purpose of securing from the court an "advisory opinion." (b) The secretary-general of the League of Nations shall Inform the United States of any proposal for obtain ing an advisory opinion of the court which is pending before the coun cil or assembly of the league, with a view to exchanging views be tween the council or the assembly and the United States as to wheth er an Interest of the United States Is involved, (c) In the event that the court is asked for an advisory opinion and the United States ob jects to any such opinion being given by 'the court, America's objec tion should have attributed to It the same force that would obtain to a vote against asking for the opin ion given by a member of the coun cil or assembly. If the majority of the court should Insist on the opin ion being given, however, ttie United States can withdraw from the World court at once "without any Imputa tion of unfriendliness or unwilling ness to co-operate generally for peace or goodwill.'" So apt was the Root Formula considered that It Is a part of the statute of the state. The opponents of American mem bership in the league, who have numbered among their constituents such names as Henry Cabot Lodge and William E. Borah, contend, of course, that membership In the World court Is but a stepping stone to the entrance of this country Into the League of Nations. And the principal objection to league mem bership has been the possibility of the United States being dragged into somebody else's war In hold ing up a decision of the league. The ! United States since Its birth has steadfastly maintained a policy of staging out of foreign controversies, especially European controversies. Could Avoid Going to War. As a matter of fact, if the United States were a member of the league It would still not have to enter a war for the maintenance of a prin ciple unless It wanted to. The United States, If It were a member, would have a permanent seat on the league council. A unanimous vote is required for the council to begin _ Senator W. E. Borah. a war against an offender. If the United States did not wish to en ter such a war, she could avoid It simply by Instructing her repre sentative to vote against it. Two things which have hampered the work of the league since Its origin have been the absence of two of the greatest powers, namely the United States and Russia. Japan, It Is true, has left the league, but her reasons were entirely discred itable to herself, and creditable to the league. Russia, of course was not admitted for many years be cause of the doubtful status of the Russian government. But with the recent admission of the Soviet union to membership, half of the gap ha? been filled up. ©. Western Newspaper Union. RUG WELL NAMED "BED OF ROSES" By GRANDMOTHER CLARK The original rug shown measures 44 inches and requires four pounds of rags to complete. It is braided with three strands, but can be cro cheted. A crocheted rug has better wearing properties. Many colors are used in the following combina tions : Center circle in white, yel low, red, and black. Three of the outer circles in various rust shades. The other three circles in two shades of blue, and yellow. Outer edge is rose, yellow, black. I This rug shows that beautiful rugs can be made of rags. The regulation or common rag rug Is either round or oval, with various ! color combinations, and when fin ished has no particular beauty. In | making the above "Bed of Roses" rug, make seven small round rugs about twelve Inches In diameter, and set together as shown here, then work rows all around to size wanted. It's a different rug and only another idea of what can be made of rags. I The best material for making rag ' rugs is "Linkraft." When using this I new material no cutting or match- I ing of sizes is necessary. Linkraft | is a round knitted material like Jer sey. It comes In links about five | inches long, but stretches to about ; nine inches when linking together, j These links are to be linked together i Enmity Forgotten One of the most remarkable Christ mas trees was put on view in London last year, a the Scots Guard exhi bition. ( It was made by a German soldier and presented by him to a Scots Guard with whom he exchanged greetings in the No Man's land be tween the trenches on Christmas day, 1915. Now lie's called "Helpful Bob**! If HEV,BOB-6RIAJ6 / HIM/ WHAT OOES HE / 1 ARE VOU THESE DAVS? PV WORST PAIN IS MV FROM ouf ° R^-^ B J BV FOLKS^ i, > THE OOCTOR TOLD ME TO L f SAV-THAT SOJMOS ETTHIS MEODUMG V CIA" OUT COFFEE AMD SWTCH LIKE THE FIX I WAS f ( OUSS/BOOV IS W TO POSTUM. THE CHAN66 ((UMC rn f-roMAt IN WHEN I HAD / > OOIN6 HIS BEST } y WORKED WONDERS IN ME.'J I , N 'T6£T^ COFFEE -NERVES /J TO 6ET /IrtE (N / N lT C>iO?THEN MAV6E I RESULTS AFTEk 1 \ A * jflfl r m 600 BETTER TW IT/ W POSTOM COMES I A*fß O "I KN6W children should **" I CIX ' I coffee, but I T j SWITCHED TO POSTUM.] about that I The caffein in nt I NEVER SAW SUCH A ( coffee affects lots of people. It can give 'em indiges ' gjj CHANGE IN A MAN ' J ti ° n ' UPSCt their nerves and kec P ' em awake nights." C ii&h, If you suspect that coffee disagrees with you ... try _JUsB!Bs?v X Postum for 30 days. Postum contains no caffein. It is ~ 1 5 "iltP simply whole wheat and bran, roasted and slightly 1 jg- V sweetened. It's easy to makf, and costs less than '■ \ \/j a cup. Postum is a delicious drink. •. and may prove 8 feal help * A P r °d uct of General Foods. FREE! Let us send you your first week's sup ply of Postum /ree/ Simply mail the coupon. Scnd mc ' without obligation, a week's supply of Postum I Fill in completely—print name and address. I jgifmjiffl Thi * oflfcr ex P'"« December 31, 1935 In solid colors or mixed ns desired. Llnkraft Is very durable, does not fray like rag strips and Llnkraft rugs weigh about 20% less than rag rugs. If you are Interested In making rag rugs, send for Grandmother Clark's Book No. 25 on Crocheted and Braided Rugs. Twenty-six rugs are Illustrated, with Instructions. A wonderful selection to pick from when having a good looking rug in mind. Send 15c to Rug Department for Book No. 25. Address, Home Craft Company, Dept. "C," Nineteenth & St. Louis Ave., St. Louis. Mo. Enclose stamped addressed enve-i lope when writing for any informa tion. City, Long Buried Under Mud, Uncovered in China A terrific windstorm which recent ly swept over northern Honan un covered the west gate and part of a street of the ancient city of Chuh sien, according to reports from Kal feng, the provincial capital, says the New York Times. Chuhsien, which was a flourishing city situated between Welhuel and Hslnlisiang on the former bed of the Yellow river, was Inundated by a disastrous flood in the early part of the reign of Emperor Chien Lung. Shortly after the Yellow river shift ed Its course, and when the waters subsided no vestige of the city could be found. It had been completely covered by the mud and' sand depos ited as a result of the flood. In the Intervening two centuries the action of the wind has removed successive layers of mud and sand, until the last windstorm actually brought a part of the burled city once more to view. The provincial authorities have planned to con tinue the work of natare and com pletely excavate the ancient city. jffta! PAGE SEVEN DIRE EFFECT OF POISON Believed to have been killed by anti-locust "dust" dropped from gov ernment airplanes, two white rhi noceroses, live waterbuck and sev« eral smaller animals wfre found poi soned In the Illuhluwe game reserve In Zululand, Africa. It had killed scrub grass over a wide area.— Montreal Herald. CONSTIPATION Can be Helped! (Use what Doctors do) Why do the bowels usually move regularly and thoroughly, long after a physician has given you treatment for constipation? Because the doctor gives a liquid laxative that can always be taken in. the right amount. You can gradually reduce the dose. Reduced dosage u the secret of real and safe relief from constipation. Ask your doctor about this. Ask frour druggist how popular liquid axatives have become. The right liquid laxative gives the right kind of help, and the right amount of help. When the dose is repeated, instead of more each time, you take less. Until the bowels are moving regularly and thoroughly without any nelp at all. The liquid laxative generally used is Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin. It contains senna and cascara, and these are natural laxatives that form no habit even in children. You* druggist has it; ask for — JS \.ea&ea>e&i SYRUP PEPSIN