North Carolina Newspapers

/c?. The news in this publica tion is released for the press on the date indicated below. THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA NEWS LETTER Published weekly by the University of North Carolina for its Bureau of Extension. MARCH 3, 1915 CHAPEL HILL, N. C. VOL. I, NO. 15 Editorial Biwirdi E. C. Branson, J. U. deli. Hamiltoi), L. R. Wilson, Z. \ . Judd, R. Winters, L. A.'Williarus. Entered as yecoiid-cfass matter November 14, at tlie pustoilice at Cliaijel Hill, N.( J., under the act of August 2i. 1!H2. GOVERNMENT EXPERTS TO INVESTIGATE RESOURCES OF ORANGE COUNTY Knmi tlio geiKTiil rrimi-ts cibtainal)li“ Oningf (iomity i.s finmd to lie a frood uv- county. Fn'nii statistics aliH‘;ily .;it luiiul Oraiifrc ranIsS about niiilway in :SOnietliiu‘; lilie lifty important particulars. '.(>{ course slic lias lu'i- points of su])eiioi - ify, for instance in the i)roiiortion of her ■1k)uic growii food products, but on the whole she is cousitlen'd a fair RA'(^ra^e. This fad makes her ;ood county Iroiu ■which to draw ct.iuclnsions. Our iuloi'- niation now at hand from which to draw thfcse couclnsions not beinj adopiate, the next Ihiufj in order is to ('xtend our in- .forniation. To this eml the Federal Departini'iit ot Afjricultnre, in one o4 the various snbdi- vi.sious of its work^ is contemplating a survey of the county. The object of this .sur\ey is to find out wher(‘ w(' staiid, what we are worth in toto and per capita, how \\c live move and ha\'e onr being, bow many of ns have tlu‘ hook worm iind the bugs, liow many are healthy, liow many of oiu' cbillren are iii scbof>l «ud why the rest are not, bow many i^chools we have and bow many are doing ivliat they ought, bow many chnrche.s w(‘ liave and how many people go to them, ho\\' many miles ot good I'oads, ho\^■ mnt'h corn we inakt* on an acre ani how much ■\ve could make if wt‘ tri(‘d a little bark‘r and thought a little more, and how many a lunidi'i'd other tbings. When we get this all printed in pam phlet form we will know just where we stauil. ‘‘where we leail and where we Mag." And if wedrawtbi' jiroper con- I clnsioiis we will “see the way out.’' Orange is very ffirtnnate iu being se- ' lected for this survey. The nature of the case bad something to do with this and 1 it is more than likely that I’rof. 1'^ C. I lii'anson.yof the Social I'xonomics J)i>- ■ partmem of the l'niv(‘rsity bad about ! as much. \\'bile the mo\ement will be aided in and linanced by the Federal (iovernment, :a large part of the work will fall ujxm the educational authorities of the county, ! anl the success of it will depend largely upon the amoimt of cnthtisiasni which they impart to it. Snp('rintendent Lock- hai-t is undertaking it with a vim and the movement is gettijig under way. March 13th has been set as the (.lay for the gathering at Hillsboro of those who I w ill lenil their suppojj^ On this day the I plans will be formulated and the cam paign laimcbed.' I If yon believe in your county and are I willing to 7nake a little personal sacrifice i for her progress attend the meeting, get the itlea and go to work.—.loliu T. .iohn- i ston. Ivlitor Orange Countv Oh.ser-ver. Opportunities in Orange In the census year, 172,620 acres of Orauge countv were uncultivated. Il(“re is a valuable but uudevekiped resource. ()range has fertility, variety and ada|it- ability of soils. I ier streams are abund ant for the irrigation of faim crops, and for watei', light, and motor power in farm homes. Her rainfall .is ample and; well ilistribiued throughout a long grow ; ing season. Hei- winters are mild and brief. I h'r approach by rail to good local and to large northern markets is swift and direct. H('n> are almost ideal co.n- ditions foi- >rrowing bay and forage, for pcrinaiient |)aslurcs for live stock and ; dairv farmins;. UNH ERSITY SCHOOL OF EDUCATION LETTER SERIES NO. 16 Worth. Talking About These alvantages, coupled with her; immen.'^e tiegleeted areas and the low i values of her farm lands, ought to attract 10,000 farm families into the borders of the county within tb(‘ ttext ten years, , They would,' if only Orange county peojile knew the worth of their posses- : sions, their o])|iortimities and i>ossibili- ties; if they only would organize to ad vertise them, abroad—their lands, their school and church facilities, their heri- | tage of nobk' traditions, the law and or der, tile peace and plenty of their civil ization; and if, we could all get togethei- for a hearty, concerted move' fiu’ward. CAROLINA CLUB NOTES Taking Stock in Orange County The 47 menilx-rs of the Orange ('(junty I'lub at the State University have plannecl five economic and social surveys of their home county, covering (1) Farm homes and country organization centers. (2) .Scho.ils, (3 X.Uiurche.s and Sunday Schools, 4) l’ut)lic Health and Sanitation, (5) Crops and .\ninjal Products. They are being aided by the ministers, the physicians, the newspajiers, the com- jTinity clubs, the teachers and Si'hool offi cials of the county; the State Depart ments of Public Instniction and J’nblic Healtii in Raleigh; the Ottice of Kural Organization ani the U. Public Health Service in \\’ashington. It will be the inost extensive social •snrvi'j’ ever yet made ot a rural connly in the Sotltb. Jt is time for ()range to become acuK'ly aware of hi'i resources, possibilities, and opportnnities. The Tno.st important ]iroblems of any ■county tir(.‘ ec(>nomic and social—ni')t political. Here is a fundamental truth that everywliere ought to thunder its way into men's nnnds. Community Stock-taking will show us ■where we lead, where we lag and the vay out. I The Orange County Club members , count upon the active, interested help ot l everybody that thinks in thc'ir home | comity in thc.se approacliing surveys. I Headed In The Right Direction Jn the census year cotton and tobacco in Orange pn.nlnced nearly half of onr total crop values, 44 per cent. Jj:ist year u]> to .lanuary 1, we ha\e ginned only 9S4 bales of cotton. That is to say, we have reduced onr cotton croji nearly on('- third in the last live years. P>nt meanwhile, we ha\ e been increas ing our production of food ajid feed crops—corn, wheat, oats, ciim.son-clover, hay and other foi-age crops, .\ot this winter, however, V\'hile the acreage in ■\vinter wheat in the state is nearly double that of last year; Orange county has less winter wheat and oats than usual, due to a dry Augn.st and a wet soggy season at the seeding time. Too bad, in view of the high pi-ices that now rule in the markets for these crops. Food Production in Orange In the census year ((range was one of the fe\\ counties in the state that raised more mi‘at, veal, beef, ])ork, and jionl- try than was need(>l for home consump tion ; Some 400,000 lbs. more. l!ut the population of Orange con- suiiLcd 600,000'lbs. of butter, 200,000 iloz- en (“ggs, and 90,000 bushels of corn more than th(‘ county producetl. How Orange County Ranks 3rd in amoinit s])ent for farm feed (97 counties s)>ent more), 1910, $7,881. 14th in illiteracy among jiative whiles, 1910, 8.2 per cent. 23id iu total iucouu' taxes paid, 1914, '4^406. 26th in piT capita fooil prodiv'tion, 1910, 157. 32ud in school tax burden per ?ilObO of property, 1913, $8.72. 33rd in improved highway mileage, 1913, 46 miles. 33rd in enrollment of Corn Club boys, 1913, 46. 47th in farm tenancy, 1910, 37 percent. 18th in total taxable wealth, 1914, 1)6,016,399. 49th in cattle per 1000 acres, 1910, 23. :50th in taxable |>er.sonal property, 1914, $1,755,978. 53rd in total animal proUicts, 1910, .‘J!2.S9,445. 54th in jimount si>ent for fertilizers, 191.0, $65,195. 54th in total crop values produced, 1910, $1,011,163. 62nd in Church membership, 1906, 40 ■per cent, 64th in |>er-aere croi> yields. 1910, fl3.13. 70tl» in t)lai farm wealth, 1910, $3,293,748. 76th in pt^’ capita country wealth, 1910, $218. 80tli in hoga per 1000 acres, 1910, 22, Our Local Market Problem Ih're is a local market demand, and a market prgbk'm that needs to be solved. The larmers will raise food jiroducts abundantly, if they can convert them readily into cash at a t'air profit : and not otherwi.se. The market j}robk‘m is solved, when farmers get more for thc'ir products and consumers get more for their money. Here is the acid test of success every where.' A Good County Orange is not a poor county. Jt ranks oftener above than below the fifty mark in most particulars. It is what the cot ton clas.sers would call a good mkldling county. Jt is well above tlie. average cotinty in Noitb Carolina in two dozen essential particulars. To ii.se a phr'ase of P>en II. Butler, OraTig(‘ has the goods, but doesn’t know it, and otlu*r people ilou’t know it. The School Survey ' liow often this phrase is heard in these latter days; and how overworked and misu.sed is the term 1 lint there are sur- vej’s and surveys. One type is that made by th(‘ carping critic, the eilncational ■scavenger. Another type is that of the | educational whitewasher, who would con-; ceal the defects and cxaggt'rate the excel- ; lences. There is a third type w liich seeks im|>artiall}' for all tb(' facts, favor able and unfavorable, consitlers all the circumstances and wJien the evident’e is all in sit.s iji calm judgment and passes a decision. This third type goes even ojie steji furlher; it studio's ways and means by which losses may be stopped, gains may be incn'asi'd. ami power may be alded. A Means of Help The school survey when honestly made and faithfully carrit'd out hel|is wonder fully in establishing efficiency. Jt com- pittes cost and declares whether it is ex cessive 01' not. It seeks out poor health conditions ami saves the terrible waste of ; child life. It looks to raising the stan- ilard for teacher training, and helps to line up the forces of school and commu nity for s^ial benefit. It seeks for fact.s, not opinions; for real, not theoretical i conditions. If it lays ban' the vitals of i the .system, the motive is that of the sur geon who -would heal not that of the enemy who would kill. Co-Operation Necessary In order for any survey, church, social, econonnc or educational to be of greatest value, there must needs be the heartiest sort of' co-operation. There must be a thoi-ongh understanding that the plan is not to ('xpose wcakni'sses nor to reveal points of strength for the purpo.se of fiaimting either in the eyes of the public U('('dle.ssly. Ii\ any survey of a school the patrons, teachers, school ofHcials anil children imist feel free to ask and be willing to answei^ all soi^ts of i|Uestions in order that tlu' truth may be r('vealed. A National Movement The making of school surveys has be come a common matter all over the I'nited States. One state after another, one city after another has bwn .seeking to know more about the relative standing of its schools. With th(‘ greater emplia» sis now being laid on the county as the |)ro]>er unit for scIkjoI administration and sup('r\’ision, there must inevitably be d('iivel county standards as well as state and city standarils. Th(' stn'vey soon to be mad(‘ of the Orange county is an at1eni|)t to set up sttch a body of facts as a stanilard. Middle Western Home-Seekers During the last ten years the farmers (jf the middle West have been swarnung over into Canada, aiid hito tlie North Western states. J)uring every week of 1909 two thousand farm families passefl tlirougli Ivansas City seeking homes in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Pan Handle Texas. I'loriila is also in the eye of these people; ami witli the increase ot popu lation, wilderness areas have decreased, the value of every salable thing in the state lias risen, enterprises of all soits have sprinig into existence, and Florida’s place on the map is assin-ed. Tbe.-ie sturdy .\mericanizel farmers have followed'the law of rural migration: They have moved from den.sely ]iopu- lat('l, high priced land areas into .sparse ly populated, low prict'd land areas. But they have not moved into >iorlli Carolina. On the coiitrary our net loss ot native horn >,'ortb Caiolijiians in in ter-state migrations is .some 272,000! SCHOOL NEWS still Gaining It is getting to be a man’s job to : keej) up with the increase of Moonlight Schools in North Carolina. l Nash eoiuity writes of one at Sharps- btirg; .Mecklenburg iei>orts a night .school in a mill village; Colnmbus calls onr at tention to the fact that it has 13 suclC snch schools; Johnston says definitely 10 | schools and feels sun*. some others have ; not re|)orted. j Iji all we have records of 58_iMo(.)idight j schools in 13 counties. The enrolhnent | figures are incom]>lete, but a very eon-, .servativc'figure wouli.l be 1200 students. University Extension Tb(' first I'niver.sity l-'.xteusiMU ConlVr- euce in the I'niteil State.s will be held at the University of A\'isconsiu, March 10-13. Hr. L. J(. W'iI.son, chi('f of our liureau tif (•niversity J^xten.sion, has a i>lace on the progiam, along with speakers from the I’uiversities of Tennessee, Oklahoma, and Texas in the South, and the leading I'ni- vcrsities of the Xoj'th and \V('st, The University of North Carolina is doing some new things in extension work; and would be doing more of them if funds were availabk' for support. Making Use of the County Newspaper The County newspaiiers have the ability to beiif inestimable value to the cause of ptiblic education and it is gratifying that in most instaiicos tiu'se ]iap('rs lend their columns most generously. No cotuuy su perintendent should fail, through modes ty, to keep before thepeoiileof bis county th(' problems, needs ami progress ot bis .scliools. More Folks Needed North Carolina net'ds more i)eo]ile to the square mile. We need to bj-ing onr twenty-two million wilderness acres tmder cultivation. We need to realize the value of onr resources and to keep onr sons and daughters at home in larger measure. We newl more one-horse far mers, provided that they be .substantial, good farni-owners. Of tenants, we have already enotigh and to spare. ^\'e neel the skilled farmers of the West. I’hey know little or nothing about raising cotton. But they know about raising cereals, hay and forage, about live stock farnung, silos, dairy farming, creamerie.s and condenseries; ani a score of farm activities that need reviving and de\:elopiug in this State, But we know too littk' about them; and they kno'sx' even le.ss about North Carolina—her resources, pos,sibilities and opportunities. North Carolina is leas spectacular than Florida; but she otters solid advantages of far greater value. Farin Homes in Wisconsin A recent survey of farm homesin a Wis consin county iiisclo.s(‘d : Thirty-two organizations among the farmers tor busincjss and social purposes. One hundred and forty-six homes lighted by gas or ek'ctricity. Two hum.lred and .seven kitchens jiro- vided with running \vater. Four himdrel anl four homes with au tomobiles: Six luuidn'd and thirty-five country homes with pianos. The Greater Charlotte Club This club of six htindred members in the Queen City of Nort;h Carolina has in- .spiring visions; not -merely of a bigger city but of a greater city. They are concernei.1 ncit abottf the city alone, but about well-lieing and welfare in the surrounding countyside. Their organization is t'ountry-wide. Their city library belongs to all Mecklenburg. The agricultural connnittee of the Club is a stn.ing commitetH;' of splendid men— jMessrs. Myers, Pharr, and I-’rice. The Club is moving to lielp the farmers solve their market problems. The Greater Charlotte Club belongs to the new order of commercial bodie.s, and under President .fohn A. Parker it is plaiuiing for prospwity this year through out the entire trade territory. Farm Demonstrators Sixty-si-\ comities in North Carolina havt' county agents, and last year they w ere directing 5,859 co-operating farmers, wdio cultivated under guidance some 11,000 acres of corn, 3,000 acres of cot ton, 32.000 acres of clover, 4,000 acres of gra.s.ses, and 13,000 acres of rye. vetches, and the like. ■■ Here are valuable les.suis in crop cul ture, diversification and rotation, winter cover crops, live stock, fertilizers, larm industries and similar important matters. It is a pity that such work cannot be going on in the other 44 counties. The farm ilemoustrators under ]\lr. C. U. llnilson the State .\gent have a good year’s record. Orange County High Scools NumVier State-aided high schools 2 Total expeirditure $2,995 Total enrollment' ^ 118 Average daily atlentlance 83 I^anks 59th hi pr. ct. of attendance. . 70,3 59th in average cost per pui>il enroll ed $25,3S Average salary of principals $900 The average cost per pupil enrolled was 7 cents more than the State average. The average salary paid the principals wa-s $122. more tlian the State average. The per cent of attendance was nearly 5 [lor cent below the State average. Out of 1300 white children iu the coiln- ty between 15 and 20 years of age 99 in the hundreti did not reach the High School grades, and only 4 jptipils were registered in tiie 11th grade. The.se tigures are for the year 1913-14. A Ne-w Extension Service Another ]mblic service feature has b('('n added by tlu' University ot North Carolina for the benefit of the Drug Store Pro])iictors and Pharmacists throughout th(' State. This feattne is the establishment of a Jiureau of Employ ment and is to be conducted und('r the direction of the School of I’harmacy and is to be iu cbargt' ot the Assistant Pro- t'essor oil Pharmacy, .1. (». Beard, of Cha]>el Hill, N. ('., who is also Secretary of the Xortb Carolina J’barmaceutii'al Association. This Bureau is intended to sui)ply a long tell want among N. C. J)ruggists and w ill oiler a mt'ans by which proprie tors may secure clerks and clerks can locate [xisitions without any exjM'u.se to either ]>arty, as no fi'C will b(' made for any .service lendered by the Bureau. Should any druggist in the State desire a clerk, either registered or unregistered, he can notify the Buri'au. Likewise a pbarniacist can ask that his name lie jilaced on file tor reference. The Bureau will then put th(' two i>arties into com munication with each other, l^or obvious rea.sons, the P>ureau will make no recom mendations. All confidences received will be strictly guarded. Tins' movemc.nt upon the part ol the University was heartily endorsed by the N. C. Pharmaceutical As.sociatiou iu Con vention assembled at Hendersonville, N. ('., .June 17-19, of this yt'ar. ,\ny one wishing the services of the Bureau should addro'ss; The Bureau of Jimployment, l^epartment of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, N. C., and enclose an ad dressed stamp envelope. The List Faker It is tlu' language of the 1913 macliin- ery act of the Legislatin-e, and it can l>e found upon page 61 ol the bulletin re print of the law. .\ study of the 1914 Report of the State Tax C’oinmission showing the revenues raised under this ,\ct is convincing proof that somebody, wilfully or accidentally, has been gnilty of tilling the truth about our tax system. Who was it? And ought he to be excused by the court? I K 1 4 •Jt'