/ :
The news m this publica
tion is released for the press on
the date indicated below.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
MARCH 24, 1915
CHAPEL HILL, N. C. VOL. L NO. 18
£dituriai Boards E. C. Branson, J. G. cleR. Haiuiltt)!), L. .
{. Wilson, Z. V . .Tudd, li. ■Winters, L. A. WUiiiniis. Biitcred as si-coiid-vtass matter November 14, 1914, at ttie postofflc.e at Clia;jel Hill, N. C'., under tlit at:t of August 24, I'll:;,
CHARLES WESLEY BALN, M. A., LL.D.
.hi.-it a.s the ['iiiversity News l^ctler giH's fn the iirintci'. news ol'
Ur. diaries Wesley Baiti’s lieath. He was a distiiiguislied (Ti-eek sclioliir,
Ue had the rare gift of teaeiiing, ISut also he was crowned with the graecs
1)1'wise eounsel, hapjiy eoim'adesiiip. and enduring irieiidship. liis stu
dents, his brothers in the fai-iilty, and the I'niversity deeply nionrn theii'
loss,
\\'e ha\'e long thought of him as Tennyson tliought of A rthur 1 lallani—
“Would the great workl gr(‘W like thee', who grow('st
Not tdone in knowledge and in power;
But day hv day and hour by hour,
lu reverence and in|charity."
CAROLINA CLUB STUDIES
state Expenses in North Carolina in
1912
recent, htilletin sent out by tlic I'ed-
eral Census liurean. entitled .National
anl State lievenue.s and ICxpendit.nre.s
1913 and 1903. gives us a chance to stndy
North Carolina in contrast with the rest
of tlu> States. The statements that follow
are based on this Bnlletin.
Is our .State government unnecessarily
expt'iisive? Ilow does it eomj)are with
other states? In answer we (ind that the
)ier I’apita cost of our State government in
1913 was tl-46. It was nH>re in every
other State in the I'nion, S}nth Carolina
alone excepted.
The per capita «st ranged from «1.46
in North and South Carolina to SIO.45 in
Nevada.
Per Capita Cost of Government in the
United States, 1912
1. .Noi’l.h Carolina J1.46
1. South Carolina
2. Tennessee
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
A DEBATE OUTLfNE
The Crop Lien Abolished
'J'lie Xort.li ('arolina Club at the I'ni-
\(>rsity lias just abolished the ci-op li(>n
ami the tinie-i-redit busini'.“s of the sup-
ply-merchants. Or sucli was tbe \erdict
of the po|>nlar vote after lu'aring the af-
finnativ(‘ “arguments, urginl by .\. ('.
Shuford of the Buncoudje County Chib
and h'. E, Price of the Cleveland County
Club, and the negative arguments of
.Messrs. .loyner and Davis of the Warren
County Club.
Affirmative Arguments
The allirmative speakeis admitted that .
the crop lien was a necessity in the
days of land-poverty and hdior-pemiry
just aft(*r the war: but contended that
the crutch of those days had now become
across. First the croj)lien aiiltxl polity,
then it thrived upon ]ioverty aim |X'r-
petnated po\'erty. said tbc atfirmative.
It kept the vi'tini pofjr by exacting long,
profits and high interest rates for ac-
1.46: commodatioii. It encouraged extrava-
1.S4 gance, wastefulness and irrivsponsibility;
.Arkansas 1.87 it discouragt'd the raising of home snp-
Oklahoma 1.89 plies and the de\eloi)nient of thrift. It
(ieorgia 1.96 ; is the mainstay of the one-croj), farm-
We.st Virginia 2.14 tenancy. supply-merchant system of
Illinois .. 2.21 farming, which allows the farniei' to
.Missouri 2.27 create great wealth year l>y year in cotton
Mississippi '■.... 2.29 , and tobacco, but makes it impo.ssible for
I him ti.) retain it. It gives negro tenants
an advantage ovi'r white tenants; as evi-;
denceci by the faet that more than half
the farm ownei's in W'arren Comity are
n?groes, Negro teiiant.s liveupon a lower
level, stand the hardships of it better,
and rise out of tenancy into farm owner
ship oftener than white tenants.
Negative Ax-guments
ITS FIELD IS THE STATE
Constructive citizenslii]i fooks to
I'l'esident (iraham's inaugural with
an interest lieyond _the dignified for-
nialiti(!s of the induction into fitfice of
the iii'ad of the state's I’niversity.
I)i'. (iraliaiii, as president ol the
I'niversity, wr already know. The
impulse of his work and his ideas has
already goiu- out through the state,
and already theic bus been fruitful
performance. The I'niversity has
percci\ed the wider horizon of the day,
it has acbievi'd persi.uial touch with
thousands of citizens who will never
enter its immediate pn'iiiist's. Its lii'ld
is the Slate; the sphere of inlluenceto
which it aspires embraces all the ]ii>o-
|ile of the state, aiifl all their int>rests
and activities.
In tine haiinony with the broad
educational sfiirit of our times, it is
no longer the i'nivi'rsity of tbe k‘arn-
ed, the teachers, and those looking
fiu'ward to the teaching profe.ssion ; the
diH'tors, clergymen, lawyeis, journal
ists, those contemplating these avo
cations, and tiie members of their ini-
mi'diate families.
It has liecoiiK' a liglil set upon a hill
to shine for all tlu' pi'oplo. It dt'-
clares itself ready tohelji all, and not
only that but it goes about finding and
creating the ways in w hich the minis
trations are to be |K‘rform‘d.
It is ill this e.xpandeil conc(>|ition of
the limy of a gi-eat state institution,
this res|ion.se to the stirrings of our
generation, yearning above all othi'r
things for knowliHlge, for the truth,
wherein we shall lie .set free, that the
((uality of the new presiilent of the
fniversity has already been revealed.
No more anspicifius day in the life
of the riiiversity, in the lilV of the
state whos‘ best and high('st it must
necessarily typify, than this day of the
inauguration of I’ri'sident f-iraham,
—(Jreeiif^boro l>aily .\('w:s.
UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EDUCATIOxN
LETTER SERIES NO. 20
Gastonia to the Fore
In the (iastonia Gazc'tte of Tuesday.
March 9th. Superintendent .loe S. Wray
ot the (iastonia city schools [iresents an
article to tcachers on, What is Involvi'd
iu .Making Correct Language the Lan
guage of Ilabit'.' 'I'he discu.ssion and the
practical suggestions arc .so very miicli to
the point that \M‘ call the attention of
t“achers to tin* lollow ing statements.
The Problem Stated
(Quoting from Chubb, he thus states the
I'roblem, In no subject dn the forces of
the social environment against which the
.s‘hool has to strive make ihemselves ,so
ct)!!!imially f(4t as iu luiglish, in literarv
studies tlii> high ideals am
2, Gall attention to the form u.seil and
the manner of using it.
3, S('cure i'e)ietition of the correct
form,
4, ,\sk ]inpils to tell what form has
bei'ti iisei,! and how if has }>een used,
5, Lead to a simjile stati'ment of a ili-
rectiou for its u.se.
6, l;ei(uire further repetition to tix the
habit.
Specific Help
1. .Make a list of ('rrors ot spei'ch com
mon among your pu|iils and in theschool
neighborhood^add to it as an et>idemic
error apjiears,
2, Plan a systematic s(*ries >f daily
' ; oral cxiM-ci.ses, (>ach to have the particular
fault noted on your list. Plan it through
the ra.'e by it* poets dnd see,^ clash with ,,arefullv and follow it persistontly
the average commercudized ambitions and 3,
soilecl Ideals in whose atmosphere the : |,,,d I hem to fe.4 tl.at
cnldis reared; while .n language work ,he.se exercises will help them to do so,
the higher usages ot hterary Knglish ex- j,,,,
act^l m tjie school are ui p,>rpetual crm- ' |,aseball, basketball, or football '
f let with th,. barbarisms ot th> sw arming : 4 j.
illiterates outside,
The .schools are IkjUI responsible bv the c ,1 • ...
, ., 'bike It the mam piirpo.se ol this
pul)hi' and by the colleges tor linguistic ^
have their root.s and thei
10.
11.
Ohio
2.63
12.
Alatiama
. 2.77
13.
Nebraska
2.90
14.
Indiana
. 2.92
15.
Kansas
. 2.96
16,
1'exas
, 2,97
17.'
IS,
New .Mexico, , ,
. 3,09
19.
Virginia
. 3,22
20,
Kentucky
, 3,33
21.
New Hampshire
, 3.41
21,
Florida .
, 3,-11
23,
('olorado
. 3,46
24,
Pennsylvania
3.71
25.
IjOuisiana
, 3,92
26.
Oregon
4,17
27.
Michigan
, 4,30
28.
Washington
, 4,47
29,
South Dakota
4,60
30,
North Dakota
, 4,84
31.
New .Ici\sey ..
4,88
32,
Wyoming
5.20
33.
AVisconsin
5.27
33,
Marylanii
5.27
35.
Connecticut
. 5.58
36.
Jlaiiie. ., , ,
5,84
37.
Utah
6,09
.Arizoiia :
6,20
39,
Rhode Island
6.32
40.
\’erniont
6.51
41.
-Montana
6.66
41.
Minnesota
6.66
43,
New York
6,93
44,
■Massachusetts
7,02
45,
Idaho
7,81
46.
California
7,98
47,
Nevada
10,45
■ The Right End Pon most
CAROLINA CLUB NOTES
correct form i-hosen for the (iay’s
ice.
Require si-nsible ,sentences, with
. , , . ' ■ ■ lia\e e\ery pupil nidi-
I laults that have their root.s and their
I . ■ 11 -n- • Miiiially u.se as many times as possible
I tavoring soil m the illiteracy cj| the com- (j„,
miinity. The standards of tlie communi- p|.;ictiec
I ty are more ])o1ent than those 'of the ' 5
school; and against the illiteracv of the ! ■ . . , , . .
1 ' I .some point to them. Introducing the
plavgroimd, the strcM't and ih(> home the 1 11 ■ ■
, 'o, iiMut.rnf game element helps to give “points”,
literacy ot the schoolroom hits, a weak " nv i
, -\tter their repeated use in sensible
si'iuences, call attention to the forms
General Methods .. ,1 c • ■ .
' simple ruU's
The fallowing general plan for thedaily may be made hv the pupils,
practice exerci«,s in solving this problem ' 8, Vary the' exercise as uiuch as pos-
is reconime.nded as .sound in princii>le as I ,sible within the general ]>lan. There-
well as ^serviceable: , sourceful teacher will have many device.s
1. Iio\ide for exerci.ses that I'eipiire j for “ki'eping up steam’' to keep t.lie ma-
correct use of forms commonly misused, ! chinery moving.
SCHOOL NEWS
Banker.-Citizens
The W achovia Bank and Trust Co. is
offering $250 in cash jn'izes . for the best
per-acre yieUls of hay. More than 500
; farmers in 16/coiinties are already regis-
! tered for, the contest, says the Winston-
Tiie negative sj^eakers conteniled that .-^jdeni .Tournal.
abolishing the crop lien alfected niore| y|r. K, .M, Stockton of the Forsyth
than half the farmers of the State, all the ; County Club at the Uniwrsity linds tiiat
tenant farmers and mo.st of the small the food and feed eonsunied in Forsyth
larni owners; that it meant chaos and : in f.lie census year amounted to
confusion in the business of 41 counties of
eastern North Carolina, where negi'o
])opiilatioiis and tenancy farming are
main l'i“atures in agriculture: that the
landlords wi'ie not able to tinance their
tenants diri'ctly and without the crop lien
farm tenants could not live: that farm
hibor would therefore be coni))elle(L to
desert this region; that laud values would
$2,560,000 iiifire than the farmers of the
comity produced.
This bill for imported suii|iliOs needs to
be lessened in*96 counties of the state.
Only tlirei' were self-feeding communities
with surplusi's tci market in 1910,
Some thirty «ld counties in North
Carolina have long been .saying, Toliacco
and cotton Hivst, home-raised food and
feed stufJs last.
Dr. Thomas N. Carver, Kcononiic ad-1 die such practical ijroblens and to do
l5e destroyed, that farming as a business
would dwindle, that the culti\ated area
would decrease, tiiat seveiity-ii.Ve million
dollars of annual wealth in cotton and
tobacco cro]is would be jeopardizi'd, and
that the commerce and trade of these
-counties would be throw n into a hopeless
muddle,
ft was admitted that the system was
bad; but, said the negative, it cannot be
safely abolished until a i)racticable eco
nomic substitute can be found. Rural
cri'dit assoeiatif)iis are everywhere slc>w in
developing strengtli and pcjwer. They
could not be a mainstay for our lanlle.ss
farmers w ithin the next cjiiai tei' century.
It was a lively spirited debate, and de-
\'eloped the heat that one so commonly
sees when such (piestions are under diff-
ciiasion in our U'gislatiire, The Carolina
Club members are getting ready to han-
Country-Minded Ministers
littU' group of country ministers iu
four Missouri counties has begun to study
manures and fertilizers, flocks and herds,
seed selection, diversification and rota
tion of crops, and the marketing of farm
proflucts. They are feeding the multi
tudes.
But (>range has such coiuitry-ininded
ministers—three at least. Rev, 0, B,
^litchell is calling together the farmers
of (ioresville community ]\Iarch 20th, to
di.scu.ss with thejii better methoils of
larming and [iri/.es for the Ijest acres of
corn and (.'otton,
Tht' t-oiititry-minded inhiisters will
solve the i)i'obJeiiis of the country church
()nce-a-month sermons by absented' uiiii
isters will hardly do it.
A Steady Advance
Sometimes we get discouragetl about
educational conditions in .\orth Carolina,
\ et, consider the following figures fr.>in i
I WINSTON-SALEM WON
On Iriday, March 12, J^he first annual
State-wide contest for high schools in
, basketball came to a conclusion at a game
played in Bynum Gymnasium, Cliai>el
I Hill, between_the Raleigh High School
, team, re|)resenting the eastern section of
thelate.st report of Sup,.rinteiident ,I, Y. I‘’T''''K*'
viser for the Feiferal Department of .Agri
culture, is saying, The tirst business of
the farm ia to fe«l the farmer’s family
and the farm animals.
The first business of a county is to be
self-feeding, no matter what else it does.
■\nd it is important for a gn)wing city
te. b(' the center of a well-developed
food-i>roducing region. The high cost of
living forces this primary ci>nc«rn upon
every city Board of Trade.
In Winston-Salem the Wacho\ ia Bank
and Trust Co. leads the way. It is not
only generous citizenship, but enlight-
enefj statesmanship
so ably in legislatures and congre.sses
after awhile.
Wide Awake
North Carolina is wider awake this
iniiintc than ever before, said Bion II.
Butler in last .Sunday's Ntwvs and Ob
server,
And there is new life in old Orange,
the State .lournal in a recent issue.
saifl
The people of Orange are girfling up
their loins for a long puli, a steady pull,
and a pull all together for progress.
Orange is quite caj>able of keeping steady
pace with North (!arolina in rapid devel
opment. '
More Workers Needed
The cityward drift of country popula
tions has decreaseil leaiiership in the
country-.side and the lo.ss is vital.
The country cl.urch surveys in Orange
are fieginning to come in. Our greate.st
need, .says one of the reports is, More
religion ami more leaders,
Sixty-fivt' of the TTnivei'sity men under
3lr, Frank Graham, the Y. .M. C. ,\.
Secretary, are teaching in .seven country
Sunday schools in Orange—Clark's Chap
el, Rankin’s Chapel, Orange, Ephesus,
Smith's Level. (Wvander, and .Mt. Car
mel.
They are in training for leadership. Tliey
are gaining in religious exfwrience and
power.
.loyner. The ligiires arc tor the rural
schools alone.
The total available fund in 1913-1914
was over •'};857.000 greater than in 1912-13.
Tlu' amount spent for buildings and
supplies in 1913-14 w as greater by $200,-
000 than in 1912-13,
The perc(*ntage ot enrollment in the
white si-IiooIk was-greater by nearly 4
per cent in 1913-14 than in 1912-13,
Likewi.sc in percentage of attendance
for tht'se .same schools the increase ^vas
nearly 4 (ler cent.
The average term of the w'hite schools
was increasc'd by 13 days, and of the col
ored schools 19 days, during this period;
the average increa.s(' for all schools being
nearly thri'e weeks.
The number ol districts having log
schoolhouses was decr(>ased by ,S9, th^.,
number having no s’hoolhou.se y^bs de-
creaswl by 56, (these figures include both
races.)
mere was an increase of over 3,000 in
the number ot teachers employed in local
tax di.stricts and the total number of .such
districts was in«4’eased by 190.
Other equally encouraging figures
might be given but these are enough to
show that the elucationa] situatioti is
iJteadily iminoving. There is niueh to be'
done but there is ample promi.se of dili
gent application to the task.
! School team, rejiresenting the western
•section of the State. The result was a
■score ol 25 to 13 in favfir of Winston-
Salem, The 1'win-city boys will be
awarded a ciqi to commemorate their
victory.
COMMENCEMENT ADDRESSES
The rniversity professors under the
an.sjiicies of the Bureau of Extension will
be busy delivering coiiimenciMiient ad-
dre.ss('s tor high schools over the State
during th(' next t'l'w nronths, The.sc' ad
dresses are delivered atiywhen' in North
Carolina and the only charge is the neces
sary traveling expenses of the speaker,
few of the speaki-rs. (ilaces, and d,at*^s
already arrangel for are;
A. II, Patterson, .Mtuli.^m, .\pril 23,
t ftliier Cobb ’n'adesboro, -May 11.
. L. T-iaper, Winstoii-Salt-p^^ ,
, lay 28
■ Chase, Hillsboro, .\pril 30
^1. C. S '
Noble, Sparta, March 30.
L. W iljiiims, Townsville, .April 2.'^
Zebuloil Jttdd, Wake County Com
mencement. Raieij?);,. A^pril 9.
OCCUK
The Only Curse
Shakespeare .said, and Shakespeare is
good authority, Ignorance is the only
ciiivse and knondedge the wing’s where
with W(^ fly to Heaven,
It sounds extravagant.
But Lsaiah, who is better authority,
had much the same thing in mind when
he .said, Israel doth not know; Israel
doth not consider. 'I'lie people perish
for lack of knowledge.
So they did in .Iudea;so they do in
Orange, and everywhere else.
In 1910, there were 1448 illiterates in
Orangt*, the home of the State University ■
625 of then) were wl.ite and 292, or more
than a ninth of them all, were white
males of voting age.
Curing the curse of illiteracy is a main
concern of the county campaign that ha.s
begun in Orange county. ^
STATE-WIDE DEBATES
MARCH 26
(-)ne thousand debaters are (‘iilisted for
the triangular debating c’ontests which
occur next Friday, March 26, A debate
will be held at ('a-h of the 250 schools
which are members the High School De
bating Union,
The winnei-s of the triangular contests
will compete at Chapel Hill for the - Ay-
cook Memorial Cup on Ajiril 9, From
tirst to last these debates are ojien to the
citizens of the State, who are cordially
invitel to attend them.
The High School Debating I'uioii is
conducted by the Bureau of Extension
and the Di and Phi Literary Societit^ of
the University, .Since its organization
tw(» years ago, it has met with a wonder
ful growth and success.
A few typical triangles are: Concord,
Salisbury, and Statesville; Carthage,
Pleasant Garden, and Monroe; ('harlottx?,
Greensboro, and Raleigh; Wilmington,
Goldsboro, and Durham; Washington,
\ew Bern, and Elizabeth City; Winston-
Salem, High Point, and ReidsviUe; Wil
son, Kinston, and Greenville.