The aews in this pubhca-
tion is released for the press on
the date indicated below.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
MARCH 31, 1915
CHAPEL HILL, N. C. , VOL. I, NO. 19
'’^Editorial Koitrtit K- C-. Hi'Hn.soii, rL C.4^. (Icli*
K- Wilson.
/C. \ . .Tiuld, s ];. W inters, T.. A. Williams Kiitcred as s( coiid-class matter November 14, MM4, at the postolHc.i* at (Jliapei Hill, N.C,, under thea?r (»f Auj^ust 24. llll:?.
CAROLINA CLUB NOTES
Yearly Food Averages
Till- aimiial pi'r Ciipita (■oiisuiiiptiim i>f
where eoni is a iso useil as fooil,
; .is in t!ie South, is 4 bii, ; in Miiiiie, 4.7
; in Mi'hioaii, 5 l>ii. ; in Miuiusotoa
. mil othi'i-wheat f{ruw'inn states, 7,2 liu.
In the (•(miitry-at-larfri' theaverajre eon-
siiiii|itiin Ilf wiieat per year is 5.3 hii. :
,rjnl i)f irish jidtaloes is 3.8 hii.
Our Wiieat and Potato Deficit
')!! llie basis of llie lijfiires iif tile Kc‘(l-
ejai Dejiai'tnn'ivt of .\grieuitiin‘, our total
wheat detieil in North (’arolina in 1914
v\as 2,026.000 hn., and oiir [rish fiolato
deHrit was 7.715,000 hu.
Mere are .some tive million dollai's tlial
we niisht fie kee|iing at home if we raised
a sutliciency nf wheal and potatoes.
Hut in the census year )range rai.sed
wheat enoiiiih and to sjiart-. The mar
ket sni'iilns was nearly 20.000 Itushels.
Still Moving Up
In 1909, North ('aroliiia's rank in the
vearly (irodtti-tion of the thirteen standard
4',rop.‘i vvaa 22iid. In 1914 our rank was
17th- hi live years .Vorth Carolina has
snovwl ahead of fi't* stales in airi'ieiiltural
yirodiietioii.
Tlu^ total value of all erips in the State
last yeJir was around ^>172,000,000. — Fi^-
■sirt^s ttaacd nn the l't>ileral Karmei-s' Bul
letin, No. 651
Does a Garden Pay?
(lovermuenl expert.s investiy:ated the
f,Kid consumed annually in SSfat'tii homes
intiastou ('c)unty in 1913. Tht\v I'oimd
that iicarl> exactly one-fourih of the
year's food consisted of vegi‘tables, fruits
and the like; and that 96 jier cent of it
caiii(‘ from the home gardens.
Does it |iay to have a garden? In t.ras-
ton county the ttarden fiirniishwi upon
an av(*rase ^93.50 of fruits and vegeta-
l)les |)er year. It^s a ;;ood arKUineiit for
the garden.
SEND FOR IT
rp at f'hapel Hill I’resident K. K.
(raham and his associates are making;
the riiiversity such a force in the life
of the stal(' as it has never iieen before,
and I’l'ofe.ssoi'Hianson's “Know-Your-
( 'oiinty ' ('lull movement is giving all
of US an acc|iiainntance with the slat‘
\\f ha\e nc\'ei had tn4'ore.
\\ on't you do this I'oi' us, Mr. Kai-
mer. just t;ike a [lostal carfi atui ad
dress "The State I'niversity, (Chapel
llill. and say, “Please send
me voiir weekly I'niversity News
l,'tter." \hiylie you tiiiiik you won’t
be intci’ested in it hut yon will. Take
our advice and yo.u will thank us ever
after, it's free.
—The Progressive Farinei.
NORTH CAROLINA CLUB STUDIES
I1NCREASIN(; CATTLE IN NORTH CAROLINA
■ In 1910, there were 700,861 cattle in North Carolina; an increase of 76,300 or 12
: p*‘,r eeiit during tihe census period.
In tlie tables that follow. Mr. T). K. Kagle, of the Iredell County Club at the Uni-
' vpr.sityi e.Khibits the iiuM'ease or dei'reasti of eattle county by county, anl ranks the
. .■•>nnt.ie.« ai'cordtngly,
CALDWELL FIRST IN GAINS: WILSOiN FIRST liN LOSSES
Fifty-tive counties, headed by Caldwell with s 62 per cent increase, made gains
;iii (•iitt.tle teyond the average for the State-at-largi-, 12 per cent.
Fourteen made gains in cattle, but fell behind the State average increase.
' Twenty-live i‘fnintie;i suffered lo.sses in cattle, ranging from three-tentlis of one
■jie.r cent in Transylvania to 52 per cent in Wilson County.
HOPEFUL IINDICATIONS
• iains ocexired in all the tobaci'o counties lying along the N’irginia line; and in
;ill the cotton counties along the South Carolina line except Robeson and Coliimhiis.
DISTRESSING LOSSES
The iunnber of cattle in Nortli Carolina per 1,000 acres of area in 1910 was 23.
.\11 but three of the (•(^unties that liecreased in cattle during the la.st censu.s peiiod
had f«W'er cattle than the 3tale-at-large; 16 had fewer thair 20, and 5 of theiu fewer
than 10 eattle per 1,000 acre.s.
In these five counties in 1910 were 1,543,000 uncultivated acres of land. Here ia
wilderness range area, mild winters, and abiimlant water. But strange to say. the
-,attle decreases in these counties ranged from 14 (ii'r cent in Robeson to 52 (>er cent
■ jn 'Wilson County.
CAT1T.E INCREASES DURING LAST CENSUS PERIOD
( Based on the 12th and 13i:li Censu.-i Reports)
D. F,. KAGLE, Iredell County (iliib.
Per ('em
19
18
18
1«
18
17
17
- 17
.^..16
’..16
16
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
. 13
13
12
12
11
II
11
10
10
10
9
Rank .County
Per Cent
Hank County
1-
Caldwell
62
35.
Watauga
2
Aslx*
, ,48
38.
Harnett
,S.
V'ance
17
38.
Davidson
4.
Tyrrell
46
38.
Granville
5.
Madison
42
38.
Cabarrus
• 6.
l.'amden
38
42.
Macon
7.
Surry
35
42.
Pasijiiotank
. 8.
Union
34
42.
'I'aucey
S.
Greene
34
45.
Rutherford ..
10.
Anson
.33
45.
Haywood
10.
Jlockingham
33
45.
('herokec ,
12,
.\lleghany
32
48.
Dn[ilin
12,
Wilkes
32
48.
•lohnston
14.
Wake
31
48.
Ijenoir
14,
Warren
31
4,S,
.McDowell, .
16.
Stanly
30
48.
Pamlico
16.
Buncombe
30
53.
■Scotland
18.
Cleveland
29
53.
Durham
IS.
)range
29
55.
■Jackson
18.
Stokes
29
^5.
'S’a'lkin
21.
Iredell ,
. . 27
57.
Perquimans
21.
Gaston
27
57.
Franklin
28.
Lincoln
25
59.
(■as we 11
23.
Davie
25
59.
Kdge.com be ,
25.
(Catawba
23
59.
Rowan
26.
Carteret
22
62,
Currituck , ,.
26
Craven
22
62.
Burke
VTrfollfiU
22
62.
.Alexander
Z>Q-
29.
Sampson
21
65.
Pender
30.
Kichmond
20
66.
Cumberland
30.
Met^klenburg
20
67.
Brunswick .
30.
Forsyth
20
68.
Graham ,
30.
Guilford
20
68.
Halifax
30.
Alamance
20
70.
Nash
35,
.lone.s..
,19
71.
Northampton
?5.
Person
19
72.
I'ransylvania
What Our State Taxes Paid For In
1912
The per capita cost of (lur ,State govern
ment in North Carolina in 1912 was }>1.46.
According to a recent bulletin of the Fel-
(*ral (V'usiis I'nreau, it was spent as fol-
li>vvs: '
Charities. hos[iitals, and eori'ee-
tions 49 e.enta
J-’ublic education 44 cents
Interest—on bonds and borrowed
money 16 cents
Apportionments—school c(|ualiz-
ing fund, etc 13 cents
Prote('tifin to pc'rson and proper
ty 9 cents
General goverinnent expenses. , 9 eents
Mi.scelUuK.'ous iinl general —
printing, insiirance, ete 3 eents
Public health, and sanitation 2 cents
Outlays—new buildings, improve
ments etc 1 cent
Higlways—less than half a «nt.
Libraries—less than half a cent.
Reci’eation—less than half a cent.
Total . . fl. 16
A glance through thevse itein.s shows
that a single circus ticket costs more than
the per capita expenditure upon either
schools or hospitals.
That a moving picture ticketor two costs
more than the per capita expenditure for
general go^erninent purposes, or the
protection of person and property.
A single ten cent cigar or plug of to
bacco costs more than the per capita
expenditure for [lublic health, sanitatiotr,
and highways.
6
5
. , 5
3
0.2
0.1
Puss-In-A-Corner
For long years, the teachers in their
various meetings have been drawing
aside in sweet conspiracies for the wel-
fari‘ and well-being of the children.
Kvervwh(>re these little bands of faith
ful public servants have been discussing
vital community problems, and reaching
conclusions that ought to have been
shouted from the housetops and thun
dered in ev(‘ry ear. They have been
playing the game of Piiss-in-u-corner.
Not so in Hillsboro the other day.
I’rom the four ciprners of the kingdom of
Orange came the farmers and farmwives,
merchants and bankers, the doctors,
lawyers and mini.sters—a court room full
and more—to sit do\\:n with the teachers
of the county; to learn what the School,
the Church, the Ilealth, and the Farm-
Monie surveys mean; and to indicate
their interest m the campaign for better
things in Olil Orange.
It was a new kind of teachers' meeting,
and it was truly inspiring.
We may thank God, take courage,
and go forwaid, said Major .John W,
Graham, the chairman.
CATTLE DECREASES DURING LAST CENSUS PERIOD
Hank County
Per Cent
1.
. 2.
3.
i.
5,
().
6.
S.
S.
■iO.
n.
:i2.
13.
Onslow 0-3
Clay 0.4
Gates 0.6
Beaufwt 0.7
Hyde 0.9
Martin 1
Hertford 1
Swain '•
VVashington 2
Montgomery 3
VVayne 4
Randolph 5
Bertie 8
Rank County Per Cent
14. Polk 9
15. Chowan 10
16. Henderson 13
17. Chatham 14
17. Robeson 14
19. New Hanover 18
19. Pitt 18
21. Columbus 31
22. Bladen 35
23. Moore 43
24. Dare 44
24. Wilson 52
Country-Store Libraries
It is a crime to teach a child to lead
unless you breel in him a love for noble
books. And how shall young people come
into the shadow of noble ideals, the
noblest of the I'ace. without access to
noble books'?
The community Club in Chapel Hill is
beginning to plac* I>end-a-volume libra
ries in the country stores of Orange—the
first in ^Ir. Craig’s store at University
Station.
The country stores are open all the
year round. Everybody goes to thern.
The country store keepers do not mind
the bother. They are a clever set of men
everywhere.
Hooking-up countiy stores for social
service is a great idea. Write Mrs. Joseph
Hyde Pratt, President of the Community
Club, Chapel Hill, N, 0., for details of
the plan.
UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
LETTER SERIES NO. 21
Get It Now
Tbe wile-awa.ke leacber in our rural
schools should make it a point to st>cure
immediately from the C. S. Department
of .\gric.iiltnre at VV’aahington. Bulletin
No. 132. on {!orn“laling .\griculture Witii
Public School Subjects in the Southern
States.
The suggestions are vital, specific, well-
organized and entirely usable. The pos
sibilities for hel[iing our agrictiUural situ
ation and interesting our country boys
and girls in farm life by jneans of the
plan outlhiel in this bulletin are too
great to be missed. Send for it at once.
Farm-Life School Helps
The teachers of .Vgriciiltiire in our
Farm-lif> Schools should write ro the C.
S. Department of Agriculture at Wa-sh-
ington and ask for Farmers' Bulletin No.
638, on Laboratory lilxercises in Farm
Mechanics for Agricultural High Schools.
The bulletin contains not one experi
ment impossible to perform in the most
poorly equippcMl Farm-life High .Scliool
laboratory. Kvery experiment, too, i.s
very practicatile and clos(4y connectwi
with farm work.
You cannot atl'ord to he wilhoiU it.
Helps in Club 'Work
If you have a Pig Cltib in your .school,
and you ought to hav(>. t)«> I'. S. Depart
ment of .Agricnltnre has a special buljetin
issued November 25. 1914 on How South
ern Farmers May tiel a Start in I'ig
Raising.
Perhap you have a Poultrv Club in
your school, [f so. send to the IJ. S. De
partment of .\griculture at Washington
for the special bulletin issued Movemlter
30. 1914, Suggestions on Poultry Rais
ing for the Southern Farmer.
The boys in the Pig ("luhs might l«' in-
teresti'd in another bulletin i.ssued by this
same department on. How to H.se Anti-
Hog-Cholera Serum. .Anyway it is worih
having tlie,se bulletins for use with the
farmers whos‘ children ai-e in your
school.
NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL NEWS
The Good Roads Institute
Between ninety and a hundred engi
neers. superintendents, overseers, road
commissioners and county commissioners
were gathered in the Peabody Building
of the University the last week in Feb
ruary to thresh out the problem of good
roads in North Carolina.
The distinguished speakers from abroiid
were Strahan of Georgia, C^rosby of Bal
timore, W'inslow of the Federal (_)t!ice of
Public Roads, Coleman of Virginia, and
Ezzell of the Southern Railw'ay.
These good roads conferences of Dr.
Joseph Hyde Pratt increase in power
and influence year by year.
More Hospitality
Supt. .i. .A. M(d,eod of !Moore county
writes:
On October 30th 1914, Mrs. H. F. Se.a-
well and teachers of the graded school
served sandwiches and hotcoH'ee to all the
rural teachers at our County As.sociation,
(We were there and enjoyed the food and
friendliness.)
On last Saturday the h’ound Dozen Mu
sic Club of Carthage did the same thing
and highly entertained the teachers with
a music program of thirty minutes.
Thus are all the forces for freedom and
justice combining their strength to build
a mighty North Carolina—a true leader
in democracy for the South,
Still They Come
The Roxboro Courier proclaims at
least two moonlight schools in Person
county and calls attention to the good
they are doing there.
Mr. A. S. Lawrence is t'onducting a
very successful night school in -West Hills
boro, Orange coimty.
In Carrboro, the nsiuil evening si.:ho,il
for the mill folks has begun its spring
session at w'hich the young men of the
University are getting valuable first-hand
training for this kind of educational en
deavor.
Soutli Wadesboro, Anson countyr has
also joined in the movement to bring the
light of knowledge tfi those who sit in
darkness.
Tlius does the good w ork go on and all
over the "State the forces that stand for
freedom and light are determinedly break
ing the shackles of serfdom aiid of dark
ness.
Moonlight Schools in Orange
We have been rejoicing over the rapid ■
ly multiplying moonlight .schools in
the State; but we have .said nothing until
now about the moonlight schools in
I Orange. But we have had such schools,
I Some of them have been in o|>eration a
I long time.
The Carrs mainlain a night school for
; the mill village peo|ile in (Carrboro,
Rev. A. S. Lawrence has long had a
Moonlight .school for the mill people in
West Hillsboro.
Prof. Noble with Twenty University
students has another school four nights
in the week in Carrboro for some fifty
regular attendants,
Mr. W. C. Rymer with twenty of liLs
college mates keeps going a moonlight
school and a Sunlay School for negro
youths in Carrboro.
The
A New Move
A Good Plan
County Board of Kducatiou in
In a I’ecent issue of the W'estern Caro-
hna Democrat Mr. K. A. Reed pub
lishes a table showing the number of
repeaters, or retarded pupils, in his school
and frankly discusses the causes therefor.
lie concludes, very justly, that absence
from school, for whatever reason, is the
father of this condition and he calls on
the parents to co-operate with him in
preventing a grow'th of sui^h conditions.
Moreover, he points out that the ulti
mate end of such a condition is elimina
tion of the repeaters from school. In
other words the boys and girls are not
getting Jull value of the education pro
vided by the State. This is the very
lamentable and inevitable result every
where.
This is the first time we have seen such
facts published in any paper in North
Carolina. It is a move in the right direc
tion. The folks who pay the taxes and
send their children to school have a right
to know to what extent their money is
being wisely used and to know why bet
ter results are not obtained.
By the way, Mr. Reed’s figures show
that conditions in his school are not as
bad as in the United States as a whole,
though they are bad enough.
Alleghany has adojited a plan worthy of
1 emulation by more of the County Boards,
; In a recent issue of the couirty paper they
published a full account of the receipts
and expenditures for the .schools of the
county for the year. In addition, the per
capita distribution was shown for the
various districts and an explanation ofi'er-
ed as to the reason for the seeming great
differences in apportionment.
In a third table was shown the progress
made by the schools of the county for
a five year period, fnvastigation, sug
gestion and criticism from the patrons
was asked and a willingness shown to
place the work of the County Board of
Education squarely lx*fore the people of
the county.
If there are any folks who should
be wiUing to have their work investigated
and placed liefore the public it is the
various committees who have charge of
public funds. The C’ounty Boards of F^d-
ucation can well afford to place their
actions in full view of the public.
The patrons of the schools will appre«
ciate it; and when the time comes for the
school authorities to ask for more finan
cial aid for public education the citizens
of the counties who know what their
Boards of Education are doing will have
an intelligent basis on which to ca«t their
votes.