The news m ihis publica
tion is released for the press on
the date indicated below.
the university of north CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
MAY 12, 191S
CHAPEL HILL, N. C.
«dioriHl Buard: E. C. Branson, ,T. G. cleK, Hamilton, I.. K. Wilson, Z. V. Jndd, S H. WinttTs, L. A. William-. BntevMl
VOL. I, NO. 25
as s«'Oiul-,-lass mattfi- NovwnWr 14, 1!I14, at the po.stoffl,^(. at Chapel JIHl, N. C., un(l«i' thf act. of Au^-ust 24. KUa.
A THRIFTY FARMER
Last yt^ar lie rai.seit 49 halt's oi cntlnii.
1160 bai'i’ols of' Corn, 3,500 iioiiitds of iin'at,
175 l)aiT(‘ls of potatof.s. 200 t>n.-liels of
|)0tat0e.s. ami 100 lioxt‘8 of fx'tiii.s,
.says the Oliiitoii Di'iiiocrat.
lie is a negro faiiiiei' Luther I’arket hr
■ iiaiue, and he li\’es live miles fi-oni Clinton
in Sjinijtsoii County.'
LESSONS FOR GROWN-UPS
The tivei'age |xm' uere yielii of corn in
1 )faiige ill th(' census ye.ar was only 15
hn. The hoys beat lhal recoi'd last yetir
nearly four anil a third times over. If
dhe grown-ups in Orangv «ill ftirm this
year as vvt^ll a.s these Ixtys did last year,
the corn cro]) of the i-tmnty willin' aroniul
1,400.000 hiialu'ls: ora million bushels
• more lhaii it \v:ts in 1910.
At that time the corn crop of the comity
was 90,000 l>nshels k'sa than the cpiantity
neeiled for home consiniijition in 1910.
OUR GAIN IN PORKPRODUC-
TION
Oti the lifsl of last .lamuiry we htid
1^25,000 swine on farms and ranges in
North Carolina, worth tit ctirrenl market
.;priees }il2,505,000.
It is nearly three luindri'd thousand
hog.' niore than we had in th(' census
yt^ar. What is more, the cotton bt'lt
states .show creditable increases tltiriug
.this fotn- year period ; except Mis.souri and
'Oklahoma whitdi sult'eretl los.ses of live
.anil 23 [K^r cent respectively; and .\rkan-
sas, Louisiana, and Teiini'sstH' which
g;iinet only three, si.\, anti eight percent
in the oitler naiinH.l.
South (!aroliii:i. Ahibama. ami 'J'l'xas
■gaintvl 23 per cent each, while .North
Carolina lietids the list w ith a 24 per cenl,
inertias*'.
.Ul told, otir net increase in 1 togs iutluv
.South (hiring the l;wt four years was 1,834- \
OOO. Tint South can rais* pork when '
neces.sity pinches. j
Closing Up a Deficit {
In 1860, we had in North Carolina^
nearly two hogs per irdi;d>itant. exactly!
1.9; but in 1914 we had nearly two-thirds
of a |)igper iK'rsou, exactly65 hundredths.
The average annual consuntptiou of
iiieat ill the. I'nitt'd Slates is 125 lbs. pei
(>er.son. t-hie tw'o-luuulreil j>ound hog
per iidiabitant would drt^ss-out just aboiii
thetimount n^eded yearly. Beet counts
very little iipon an axiM'age in the general
.meiit iliet of till'year in tin'South—only
.two poiuids per ]»ei\son amon;; the (uiston
.'ounty farmers in 191M,
Closing up our antnial meat deficit in
the South is a fairly simple thing to lio.
half dozen more |)oultry pi'r person,
and another or a better pig would tuake
us indepeudeut of W'estc^rn racket's. And
wt'are moving toward such inilopeiidenc«,
A gain ol ne.arly two million hogs in four
years tells the story of a great achievement.
Wiser Before the War
During the last census period our de-
^■rease in liogs in North Carolina was
122,000; but since 1910 our increase has
lieen 297,000.
-\'evertln‘l(*,ss on the Hrst of January
1915. we had 358,000 t'ewer hogs in North
'Carolina than in 1890. ()ur population
incrt^a.sed two and a third timi» over dur
ing thtwe 55 years: but our supply of
liome-raistid pork has suti'eriHl a decri'ase.
()ur forefathers believt^d in full smoke
houses, and they were wiser than we in
this ruatU^r. There is not likely ttverr
j And ni().st ot these crojjs are raist'd
mainly under the faiin-tcnancy, crop-
lien. time criHlit systi>m. That ti'lls tin'
I whole story our tood mid let'd (i(‘ficits
in the South; alsfi of our small per ctipita
1 country wealth.
Hyde Leads in Per Cent of
Gains
; Twenty-eight counties in Xorth Caro-
1 lintt li'tiiiK'd in the numbt'r (tl hogs during
tlie last (('usus period; at rales ranginy
1 t'om lotu'-teniliH ot oite ]*er ct'til in  rtiil-
: ford to 61 per c('iit in Hyde. The gains
i were mainly in the lide-water or coastal
])lain coiuities.. (ruilf»r*l and Stanly alont'
show increa.ses in the grain ^rowiiii’, hav
. ami fortigi' region of the .''tate.
Moore Leads in Per Cent of
Losses
; (In the other h:inil, 69 coimties show
losses ill hogs during the last censu>
periotl; at rates riiiigiug from a Hfth oT
one p(“r cent in llarni'tt to 55 ]>er cent
in -Moore. I'otir coiintii's lost :i half or
more of their piys during (he ten years, j
Strange to say. Ibesi' lossi's occurred ■
mtiinly in middle Xorth Carolina ;md the
mountain counties—i1k‘ grain urowinir.
hay tuid forage ri'gion of the Statel
I‘ilt('eii ot th‘ cotton ;tn*l tobacco coun
ties made gtiitis in pork |iroductif>n. In
the main, the rest of them lt>st 'ground—
some of them in large ratios.
Where Your County Stands
In the Tniv'ersity News Lelteroflic-
ceinber '2nd, Mr. .1. M. Daniel of the
Davidson County ('lub, showed the dis-
trilnition of hcigs in Xorth Carolijui,
county by county. In this issiie, Mr.
D. Iv lOagle. of the Iredell Cmnily CInl).
shows tlie Kain or loss of each county
liilring the l;ist ci'nsus period.
THE MODERN UNIVERSITY
President E. K. Graham
The modern university seeks to re-
a.ssert for present ci\ iliztuion w hat ptisl
ci\'ilization says to America, together
with what .\ni('rica has to say lor it-
s(‘lt. riirongh its coll(‘agttes of lilx'ral
arts, pure and ajijilied science, pro-
tessiojud and technical schools it re-
I'Oats till- culture messages of the
pi'ojihets of the liinetwntli C('ntnry:
Arnold s m(>.ssn>>c of swet'tness and
light, llnxlcy s tne.ssage ..f the spii-ii
of iii(|iiiry. and ('arlyl('’s nicssaLie of
the spirit ipfwoi'k.
A New Culture Center
'rin-ongli its attempt to make a new
tusion ot lioth witli work during the
'i;reat constrm tivi' years of the past
hall-century, our civilization has
cauu'ht the im|>ulse of a new culture
ct'iiter.
It is this thai the state univer.siiy
seeks to express. It is more than ati
aggregate of parts. Asa university it
is a li\ing iinit> , an otgauisin at tla'
hi-art of the livini:. ilemocratic st:ite,
iuli'rpretiiig it.~ lit'*', not by ]>arts or
summary of parts, hut wholly,—fusing
tile I'imclions of brain and heart ami
hand under the |>ower of tlii'immor
tal s]iiril ot d(“nioi'racy tis it moves in
pre.sent American life to the complete
realization of what men really iiK'ant.
The Measure of its Power
The real measure of its powers will
be wh('ther. liscarding the irrelt'van-
cies ot the jiast and pre.sent. it can
focus, fuse and-interpret their eternal
vc'rities and raiiat' them from a new
oi;anic center of culture. This let it
lenratively deline as achi‘\cment
touched by tine ti.'cliiri^s — as t riith
ali\e and at wdrk in the world of men
and thiiiiJS.
UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
LETTER SERIES NO. 27
GAINS AND LOSSES IN PORK PRODUCTION IN
NORTH CAROLINA
During the kist census pt'riod
D. K. l':A(iLK, Iredell County C!lub
I Gains
Rank Cotuity
Per cent: Rank County
r*er cenl
Hertford ;.
■ IS
2. (’artaret .
59 16.
Scotland
3. Brunswick
39, 17.
36 18
Sampson
5. Onslow
35' 18.
Duplin
. . 9
6. Tyrrell
31 20.
C!hovvan
7. W'ashington. .
30 20.
U'ayne
S
8. Beaufort,. , ,'
2S : 20.
Columbus
8
9. Craven
27 23.
Stanlv
10. Pender
11. New Hanover
12- Greene
13. . Pa.squotank
21 . 27.
l^enoir
4
14. .fohn.son
20 i 28.
Guilford :, ...
II. Losses
Rank County
1.
2.
3.
again to be a time wbe.u we can buy meat i
of any kind more cheaply than we can !
raise it at home. I
4.
5.
5.
5.
5.
9.
10.
10.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
18.
20.
20.
22.
22.
22.
25.
Less Bread and Meat; More
Cotton and Tobacco
Our ptsr capita production of corn,
v\lieat, oabi, pea« and Ix'ans, j)otatoes,
beef, pork, and mutton was less in 1914
than in 1860. The simple reason lies in
■ our increasing, overwhelming attenition to | 25
cotton and tobacco. 25.
In 1850, our tobacc.o crop for the entire ' 28.
state was a littki leas than twelve million 28.
pounds; in 1914, it Wiis tnort' than four- 30.
teen times thi.s total. :!0.
In 1850, our entire cotton (;rop w as only 32.
40,436 five-luindred pound bales; in 1914, 33.
it was more than twenty-four times as 33.
niuch. 35
Per cenl
Harnett 2
Person 8
Edgecombe , 1
H^arren 2
Northampton 3
Pitt 3
Gaston 3
Halifax..... 3-
Anson 5
Iredell 6
P'orsyth; 6
Caldwell 7
Alamance 7
Cleveland 7
.Tones 7
Perquimans 7
Union 7
Graliam 8
David .son 8
Mecklenburg 9
Durham 9
Kolieson 10
(Jabarrus 10
Catawba 10
Chatham 11
l^incoln 11
Wake 11
Bladen 12
Biuicombe 12
Rowan 13
Van(» 13
Camden 14 ;
Surry 15
Yancey 15
Stokes 16
Rank County
Pei- cent
86. 1 lenderson 17
37. (iates ig
3S. Franklin 20
3«. -''‘ash 20
38. Wilson 20
41. Davie 2I
41. Yadkin 2I
43. Dare 22
43. (-rranville 22
43. Orange 22
43. Polk • ,,,22
43. Kichmond 22
43. Kockingham ; 22
49. Caswell 23
49. .lackson 23
51. Ma*iison 24
52. Kutherford 25
53. Ilayvvooif 26
53. Swain 26
55. Alexander 27
56. Burke 30
57. Macon 31
53. Cherokee 32
59. Clay 33
60. Alleghany 35
60. Mitchell 36
62. Randolph 37
63. Wilkes ... 28
64. Ashe 41
65. Transylvania...., 42
66. McDowell 50
67. .Montgomery 51
68. Wattiiiga r 52
69. .M(K)re 55
MINIMUM EQUIPMENT FOR
HIGH SCHOOLS
• \\ h(*u \\0(lisciis> iiiiiiinjum (‘(jiiipiuent
: i'"r a I'liirh school \\c miisr inevitably he
roni I’olled s(lial hy llu* size of llic
school. \\ hat woulil Ik' more than sntli-
, ciciit loi- f»ur of.UnaJ-y Uhcc orfour teach-
ci' hiiih -cli')o| would he totally inaU'^|nalo
: tor a city higii scliool. 'Phis niinin)uni
^•((uipnicnt is iV*r our or-diiun-y slat(‘ aidol
public lii^h sch(K»l. (>ur tcachinj^ statl’
in such'a school, as an cconnmical uti*as-
nrc. nni.st couio to hr noi l(‘ss llianthnM*
teachcrs. all dcvfttinu tlu'ir iMuin' lini(‘ to
(1k‘ Work of the school. It is on
snch a f>asis and with such an ideal in
mind that tliin (M]ui[)nicnt i.s ontlinrd.
It may not Ix'' possible to r(*l all liiis
equipment at the start (»r in any one
year liul it surely can lie secnred by the
ol' a five y(*ar p'ricHi. aii^lin.ii' a lirtlt*
(*acli y(‘ar.
A Prime Requisite
Fir>t. let us have a properly consti'ucted
building. By this is meant a building
c(pnstrucied more nearly according to the
lirinci|iles of school hygiene than accord
ing' t(. hit;hly scieniili- archite'tural
principles. Do not depend on local ar
chitects or contractoi-s to plan your high
school building. S'ud either to the State
D('])artnu'ut al Ivaleigh or hereto the
School of .[education for information and
! assist,•nice.
In General
1 ict tlH'sc folllowing features incorpo
rated imo a building : —
- 1 )ne-side lightiu".
Ade.|uau' heating and \-entilation.
.V .separati- room t'oi- each teacher, 24'
.K 30' X 12',
,\]i assi'inbly hall.
A room loi' a library which may be!
us(‘l as a music room. !
1
,\t least one room for laboratories, j
Sutti.cieni and (iroperly arranged ward- |
rolws. j
A NEW COLLEGE PRESIDENT
(TIu' Boston 'JVanscript"I
'I'oilay the University of North Carolina
c.Jtablishe(l as its new president I>r. Kd-
ward Kiilder (irahaTii, a nuin ((uite young'
yet of almost I'xactly tbesami' number of'
years which the I'ldversity itself has li\cd
since its reconstiiiction in 1875. By. his
inaugiual aildr'ss Pi’csid('ut (d'aham
\'oiced not only the larger li-aditioits
which ha\(‘ come down fronj the rni-\-er-
sity’s earlier past—a history that iH'gati
ahno.sl with the history of^the I'nited i
States—but also the sigidlicancc' of the
reconstructive years w hich he himself has ‘
known and helped to render ell'ective.
Dr. Graham appeared abmidantly 'on-
scioiis of the leadershi]p which tlu' uni
versities of the Soutli must asstnne in the
j»resent years wln'U, the foundations b('-
j ing rebuilt, the str-ucture itself of material
and jueutal prosperity waits to be reared.
President Lowell of Harvard, (roodnowof
.Tohns Hopkins, Finley of .\'ew Yoik—
tliree men loiig eugaged in siuular work in
the North—all 'spoke at the inaugural
exercises in fUiapel Hill today of their
willingness to co-operati:* with the South
and their zeal towards the common ends
of national progress. The inrity of this
country’s ideals in education was surely
made clear.
President Graham, as he surveyed the
imniediat,e need wdricJi the TTniversity of
Xorth Carolina must seek to meet among
the people of its State, the new possibili
ties in learning and research which the
South’s recovered vitality opens, disco\-er-
ed the modern ideal of symmetry which
the institution must constantly raise for
itself. Thus, though North Carolina
needs \'ocational trainining, Dr. Graham
reminded his fellows that “democracy,
has come to mean more than an aggregate i
of vocations, grouped for tlie purpose of I
material exploitation. The whole effort of'
theprodnctiv^e state is to unify its life, nor '
by casting out material good, bul by in-1
terpreting and using it in its synunetrical 1
upbuilding... .The State T’niversity is not
so much concerned with doing a certain '
set of things, as infusing the way of do-1
ing all things with a certain ideal. Not
by spasmodic reform, nor l)y sentiment,
nor by the expiations of philathropy, but
by understanding, criticism, j-esearch and
sub-
('ach
Plenty ot slate blackbriards, properly
set.
Wide corridors, if any,
built-in bfiok('as(' )!■ (doset in (‘ach room.
Internal or WorKing Equip
ment
Indi\ilual adjustable .seats and desks,
|iro))erly .set,
A teacher’s rlesk and chair with at
least tU(. >xtra chairs for each class
room.
Plenty of wall maps suited to the
ject taught in each room ;
histoi-ica'l
lo('al
industrial auil coniiuercial
agricultural,
line liigli sceool dictionary for
room and a large unabridged diction
ary for the libi-ary.
.\ few well-chosen pictures on the wall,
keeping in mind the nature (Ttho
aiiole.scenl and the character of work
ilone in that room,
from 250-1000 \\*ell-c]nts'u \olumes in
the library;
refeience books.
Kngli.-h classics,
gooil modern ti'tion,
travel anfl biography,
magazines.
iliction-iiri('s of foicign
■\ piano if at all possible.
Miscellaneous Needs
iHistless cbaik.^jioi.s(d\ss eras('rs,
ers. waste bask(‘ts. individual drink-
iug cups and towels, dustless
hair l)rush broom, where possiliie the
sanitary drinking' loutuaiu. wash
basin, pokei’ aiil Hr* shiv(*i Lor (‘acli
stove it unlortuiuU(‘ enougli not to
haveasingi(' lu'atin^x plant, ioor mats
and loot scrapers at outside doors.
Th(^ board shfiuld also I'uruisii’ the
teaclier with a ml! set of such books
as have been aJopte«i tor use in the
subjeei tliat teacher is handling.
!ani;ua;es,
applied kiiowledjre it would revt'jil the
unity of th(‘ cluuuiels through which life
flows, and minister to th‘ pui'iticatiou of
its curmits.”
Il(‘re is no mere liuHoric—though it
were wrong to pass Dr. (rrahain\s speech
witliotit some comment on tlu’ eloquent
(iow ol its diction—but an ifleal wJiei'eou
Xorth ('aroliiut s iu*w j>resident niay
cany his colle^(‘ to tine a.ul practical
attaiiuueut.
Disposal
Health
FREE PUBLIC HEALTH LIT
ERATURE
I'he Stal(‘-P>oard ot Ih^alth has a lim
ited (|uantity of lu'allh literature on the
I subjects listed below, which will be sent
I out, free of charge, to any citizen of the
State as long as the supj>ly lasts. IfyoiK-are
for any of this literature, or waid. some
sent to a frieml, just write to the State
Board of Health, at Haleigh. post
card will briiiK it by rKurn mail.
No. 10. Clare and Feeding of Babies.
No, 11, The Plague of Flies and Mos
quitoes.
No. 12. Residential .Sewerage
Plants.
No. 13. Sanitary Privy.
No. 14. Hookworm Disea.se,
No. 15. Malaria.
No. 18. Tuberculosis l>'aflet,
No. 19. Compilation of Public
Laws of North Carolina.
No, 20. Tuberculosis Btilletiir.
No. 21. Fly Iveatlei.
No. 22. Baby Leaflet.
No. 2.S. The Vital Statistic.s Law'.
No, 25. Typhoid Fever Leaflet.
No. 27. The Whole Time County Health
Officer.
-8. Typhoid Fever.
29. Model (!otmty Health Laws
No. 30. Measles Pamphlet.
No. 31. Whooping Cough Pamphlet.
No. 32. Diphtheria Pamphlet.
No. 33- Scarlet Fever Pamphlet.
No, 34. Smallpox Pamphlet.
No. 35. Some Light on Typhoid.
No. 36. County Health Work on an E(fi«
cient Basis,
No. 37. The More Common Physical De
fects in Children.
Anti-spitting Placards (11 inches by 9
inches.)
Anti-fly Placards (11 inches by 19inches.)
No.
No.