The news in this publica
tion is released for the press on
date indicated below.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
^OCTOBER 27,1915
CHAPEL HILL, N. C.
VOL. I, NO. 49
3 0. Branson, J. U. deB, Hamilton, L. R. Wilson, L. A. Williams. R. H. Thornton,
:*nrial Boardi B
Entered as second-class matter November 14,1914, at the postofflee at Chapel Hill. N. C.. under the act ofJAngnst 24,1912,
north CAROLINA CLUB STUDIES
fALVES AND BABIES IN
KANSAS
■«rheu last seen, Kansas legislators were
Wiug tall timber in a hurry.
The indictment charges them with bc-
. in appropriating money to pro-
1 lives of children and lavish with
Sto^t calves and cattle.
year by year, UOO babies d.e before
they arc two years old m Kansas. T ie
them.
But the money
aud cattle sick
avt raged 4’221 apiece
■calvea
mouth
voted to save the 1400
with foot-and-
d'lsease
That is to say, a
sick calf is worth seven
ty as liuch as a sick baby in Kan-
wives and mothers are burning the
.■brush tehind these Kansas legislators.
agriculture leads in
north CAROLINA
Onr sources of wealth in North Oaro-
ama, named in the order of their impor-
•taiice, are:
1.
Oaro-
1400
Fish and oysters, 1908 and
11,800,000
Mines and Quarries, 1914.. .3,800,000
Values added by Manufac
tures, 1909 ..94,000,000
Agriculture, crops and ani
mal products, 1909 175,000,000
'5 Aariculture, crops alone,
“igiS 218,000,000
The farmers in North Carolina outnuin-
iber the workers in all other occupations
in the ratio of 5 to 3; and the wealth they
create jear by year is more than double
that of all other industrial enterprises
.«ombined.
Uuring the ten-year period from 1899
■to 1909, the production of crop wealth
increased $74,000,000; but the increase
^as more than $75,000,000 in the next
six years.
But best of all, the increase during this
last period is in food and feed crops. We
liave less cotton this year but more bread
and meat.
WONDERFUL HAY RECORDS
The other day the Wachovia Bank aud
Trust Co., in Winston-Salem, handed out
^^250 in cash prizes to 18 hay producers.
Eight of these prizes went to farmers
who raised more than 10,000 lbs.
.per acre. The first prize went to J.
W. Hauser of Forsytli county for
il3,491 lbs. raised on a single acre. The
'Second prize went to C. R. Myers, Jr., of
Rowan county, w'hose acre produced 12,-
548 lbs.
Rowan carried off five of the eight
pri'nci])al prizes, Wilkes two, and Forsyth
one.
But think of 5 aud 6 tons of hay to the
acre! Think ef^ the possibilities for North
Carolina in records like these!
The ten-year hay average in the United
States is 1.40 tons per acre. In Arizona
the average on irrigated laud is only 3.32
tons per acre. In North Carolina it is
1.38 tons per acre.
We outrank 27 states in the Union in
per-acre hay-producing power when we
don’t half try.
See wliat North Carolina can do with a
little attention to hay production.
This year we have produced hay enough
to feed our work-stock for the first time
.-since the war!
■ Surely we need never again import wes-
'tern hay into North Carolina.
tobacco factories, 53 cotton seed oil mills,
249 flour and grist mills, and 34 fertilizer
plants.
Fertilizers excepted, almost every dol
lar’s worth of the raw materials used was
produced in North Carolina. Our mills
now consume all the cotton we raise in
an average year.
Guilford, Davidson, and Gas
ton First
Furniture factories, 117; Guilford lead
ing with 20, followed by Davidson with
12. Our carriage and wagon factories
numbered 138 in the census year.
Gaston county leads in cotton mills; 48
factories with 507,000 producing spindles;
in which particular it is outranked only
by Spartanburg county in South
I'na.
Gains in Finer Fabrics
Seventeen million dollars worth of
ginghams, napped fabrics, fancy woven
fabrics, drills, twills and sateens were
manufactured in the census year. The
ten year inpreases in these products range
from 100 per cent in ginghams to
per cent in twills and sateens.
First in the United States
North Carolina leads the Union in the
number of cotton mills and factories; in
the amount of raw cotton consumed; and
in the manufacture of chewing and smok
ing tobacco.
She ranks below Massachusetts alone in
the value of manufactured cotton pro
ducts. In the number of producing spin
dies, the state is outranked by Massa
chusetts and South Carolina.
North (larolina ranks second in lum
ber, timber and wood-working establish
nients.
First in the South
North Carohna is the best developed
industrial state in the South, in number
of plants, iu variety of manufactures, in
the distribution of capital employed, and
in the use of home-produced raw materi
als.
Our rank in the census year in the Old
South, 13 states including Oklahoma, was
1st in the number of establishments, 1st
in the number of persons engaged, 1st in
primary horsepower employed, 1st in to
tal electric power used, 1st iu number of
females over sixteen and children under
sixteen engaged, 1st in the value of our
cotton mill products, 1st in furniture
making and .in wood-working industries.
We are 2nd in total waterpower used
2nd in total capital employed, 2nd in the
value added by manufacture, 2nd in the
number of producing spindles, and 5th in
the total value of manufactured products
OUR INDUSTRIAL LEADER
SHIP
Mr. H. M. Smitli of Henderson county
sieported to the North Carolina Club the
"■other night some interesting item's con-
-eerning industrial enterprise in the state,
follows;
Nearly 5,000 manufacturing establish-
'^ents, turning out products worth $216,-
'000,000 in the census year; an increase of
155 per c«ut since 1900, and 2100 per cent
since 1850.
Our Leading Enterprises
Eighty-five per cent of these values
Were produced by 6 leading forms of
®>auufacture, named m the order of iin-
S»rtance: 365 textile mills, 2812 lumber,
®>mber, and wood-working concerns, 43
OUR ADVANTAGES IN SOILS
AND SEASONS
AViscousin on 8,555.000 acres produces
crops worth 5)135,000,000, but North Car
oUna on 5,737,000 acres produces crops
worth $128,000,000; which is to say, on
an acreage one-third smaller, we produce
crop values nearly as great.
So reads the 1910 census, said Mr. M
II. Randolph, of Mecklenburg county, to
the North Carolina Club at its last meet'
ing.
Our corn crop was worth $5,560,000
more than Wisconsin’s crop. The corn
growing records of our corn club boy
and demonstration farmers cannot be
equalled in Wisconsin with any kind of
high-bred seed or any kind of cultivation
Wisconsin’s leading crop is hay, and
her ten-year average is 1.49 tons per
acre; but North Carolina’s ten-year aver
age is 1.38 tons per acre, even with the
trifling attention we give to this crop.
When we really try out the hay possi
bill ties of our soils and seasons, we raise
from five to six tons per acre, as eight
farmers have done this year in Forsyth
Rowan, and Wilkes.
Wisconsin in 1910 had 4 million fowls
on her farms more than we had in North
Carolina; but in North Carolina we rais
ed from our poultry stock nearly 5 mil
lion fowls more than Wisconsin raised,
and sold nearly a million more.
UNIVERSITY CENTERS
OF PUBLIC SERVICE
President E. H.Graham
\Vi want the alumni association in
every county in the State to be a sub
station for radiating the public service
activities of the University into every
home of the county. This is the mes
sage to the alumni associations that
we would mainly emphasize.
No reason exists for the University’s
devoting itself to intelligent public ser
vice that is not an ecjually good reason
for a similar activity on the part o^
every University alumnus and alumni
association. An immediate and im
portant service that your association
can perform is to make the moonlight
school campaign to eradicate adult il
literacy in your county a success.
We want each University Day meet
ing to de\-ise a practical organization
to cover fully aud efficiently its local
territory throughout the year, and
make the ■word “University” synony
mous with intelligent and sympathetic
helpfulness in every community activi
ty in every nook and corner of the
State.
How genuinely great, and how wide
ly and deeply serviceable does state
policy consider it actually desirable
for the University of North Carolina
to become? To what extent may suC'
cess in the things for which it stands
be profitably financed? Is it a peti
tioner on the bounty of the state, or is
it a developmental enterprise for whose
future progress we may confidently lay
large and liberal plans, and aggressive
constructive policies? We refer this
question to your careful cousideration.
But we arc not thinking primarily
now of the needs of the University.
We are thinking of its great opportu
nities, and of tlie splendid, encourage
ment that has come to it from every
quarter. This has put into the facul
ty, who are guiding its destiny, and
into the whole University community,
■ a spirit of confidence and optimism
that has no thought of being perma
nently blocked from its purpose by any
temporary needs.
We recognize the opportunity to
evolve here a State institution, not
merely worthy and tolerably adequate
to local demands, but genuinely great
through answering local demands in na
tional and universal terms. We accept
the supreme obligations that such an
opportunity imposes, and we set as a
standard of our success, not the least,
but the best of our kind. The alumni are
not incidental to this program; they
are an organic part of it, aud the Uni
versity looks to them with absolute
faith in their constant and enthusiastic
support.
UNIVERSITY^SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
LETTER SERIES NO. 48
PROMOTION AGAIN
Is a teacher promoted when she is giv
en an increase in wages (salary)? If a
teacher does her work because of the
money she receives, then she must con
sider ail increased income as promotion.
Are we as^a professional body to use tlie
dollar .sign as the symbol of our profess
ion?
Which is It?
If teaching is a business then the col
lection of riches determines our progress,
and our work becomes a job at so much
per week, month or year, we have no
riglit to measure our advance by the size
of our bank balance.
The Distinction
But we must live! Certainly we must,
—aud we shall. Lawyers, ministers,
even many physicians, live on annual in
comes no greater, often less, than ours.
If we are laboring only for the dollar end
of our work, no matter how small our in
come, we are overpaid. If we measure
our going forward by tlie weight of our
purse we deserve to go bankrupt. The
crime is not in being increasingly worth an
increasing salary to a community but in
measuring our professional advancement
by the increase in wages and forgetting
the debt to the boys and girls in our
school.
Worth Not Wealth
Shall we refuse an increase in our tan
gible rewards for teaching? Certauily
not,—unless we know, within ourselves,
that we are not worth one whit more to a
community at the end of a year then we
Were when the year’s work began. If we
have not grown within ourselves, if we
have' not lifted the community burden
just a little during the year, we have no
right to the increased income. In any
case we have no right to measure our pro
fessional status by the community’s abili
ty or willingness to enlarge our share of
the world’s wealth.
To measure professional growth by the
increase in salary is to measure the servi
ces of a physician in terms of his bill.
It has been well said that teaching is
the noblest of professions, but the sorriest
of trades.
for far less money than lands of similar j
value anywhere else on the continent.
And North Carolina holds out beckoning
hands to home-seekers.
We have valuable trucking regions in
the east, in what the Federal Soils Bu
reau calls The Great Winter Garden. In
our mountain counties, we have a natural
apple-growing region—far l)etter than the
Ozark mountains or the apple areas of
Colorado, Washington, aud Oregon.
The mountain and piedmont i-egions of
our State were designed by nature for
grass growing, cattle raising, dairy farm
ing, cheese and butter making.
Here is a wheat area that produces
$4,420,000 worth of winter wheat the
same year that Wisconsin produces $2,-_
500,000 worth of spring wheat; and here
is where livestock industries are rapidly
developing in North Carolina.
Rich LivestocK Farmers
But in Wisconsin the country popula
tion is worth $1,123 apiece upon an aver
age. In North Carolina they are worth
only $322 apiece. In one-fourth the time
in history they have accumulated nearly
four times the amount of wealth.
The reason? They are livestock farm
ers mainly; while we are crop farmer’s
mainly. That’s why.
They have a committee on health con
ditions and improvements, and they had
a health survey made of the whole com
munity. That committee, just as tlie doc
tor’s first duty is to make a diagnosis of
his case, made a survey of the communi
ty and sent about fifty questions to every
family, and found out the conditions,
agricultural and health and social and
everything else. They have another com-'
mittee on woman’s work.—Clarence Poe
to the Banker-Farmer Convention.
Our growing season is long, ranging
from 149 days in western North Carolina
to 267 in the east; in Wisconsin it ranges
from 80 to 170 days. In certain portions
of Wisconsin a killing frost is liable to
fall any summer night.
Our summer temperatures are moderate.
Sunstrokes are rare in North Carohna;
they are common in the long hot summer
days of the upper IMississippi valley.
Our winters are short and mild; in
Wisconsin they are long and severe. e
have no need for the steam-heated barns
you find in the states along the Canadian
border.
Our rainfall is around-fifty inches a
year, and it is well distributed through
out the growing season, ranging from 3
1-2 to 6 inches per month year in and
year out. We know almost nothing of
the frequent, prolonged droughs of the
middle and lower Mississippi valley.
Everywhere in the State there is abun
dant water for live stock farming. Poul
try aud eggs are almost an unconsider^
by-product on Carolina farms; and yet in
poultry production we outrank Wiscon
sin and 33 other states of the Union.
What Would Wisconsin Do
With Our Advantages?
From the jseaty black loams of Hyde in
the coastal region to the clay loams of
Wataug£i in the mountains, there
I every possible variety of soil
is
in North
Why We Lead
The explanation lies in the variety and _ .
adaptability of our soils and seasons, said Carolina. W’e have 22,000,000 acres o
Mr, Randolph. . idle farm and forest lands that can be had
JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY
IN SAMPSON
Down in Sampson county. North Caro
lina, they have organized a rural commu
nity, and they made application in the
last legislature to incorporate on the very
same basis upon which any 500 people
can get together in fl hat we call a town
a basis upon which no county has beeu
yet organized in the South.
The bill didn’t get through on account
of being introduced late, but it will be in-
troduced when the legislature meets
next. , 1
Remember this idea of Jefterson s, but
also remember that without the incorpo
ration a great deal can be done. They
have accomplished a great deal there.
They have laid off- their definite commu
nity of everybody who wants to come in
about six miles square, about like Jeffer
son’s idea was. They have their commu
nity league, theirlarmer’s club, which^is
very strong,^and their farm women s
club. . , . .
In that one county they have sixteen
farm women’s clubs. They are doing
more to wake them up than anything
else. Because the farmer’s club can on
ly take in farmers, they have a commu-
4y league in which bankers, merchants,
preachers and physicians may join.
The league is just like a New England
township meeting. They come together
once a month and once a quarter they
dlcuss everything that;iooks to the up
building of the community. _
They have committees on social lue
encourage good roads,
w^rk, on farm products
ditions and improvement.
A YEAR IN ANSON
The school year just passed has meant
much to Anson county, according to the
excellent report of Superintendent Kiker.
The educational advance over a ten year
period is even more remarkable. Space
forbids mention of anything but the one
year’s advance. This is the story.
Material Increase
Five new houses have been built, four
rooms have been added to other houses,
aud a number have been painted. Four
more schools have added high school sub
jects to the course of study. Seven new
libraries and eight supplementary h’l)ra-
ries have been established. Four special
tax districts have been enlarged.
This year they had six teachers with nor
mal training and eight more with college
diplomas than they had last year. The
enrollment and attendance was slightly
less than last year, Imt the percentage
of illiteracy has been decreased. One
Moonlight School was established and
sentiment is ripe for the establishment of
more in the near future.
Wider Activities
In adlition to the school room work,
the schools have made themselves felt as
active agencies for all that helps to make
good communities. As a result Anson
has taken a high stand in agriculture.
The schools have helped to make her
one of the foremost counties in the State
in developing the boys and girls for the
life they are to lead. Corn Clubs, Tomato
Clubs, Pig Clubs, ^nd Poultry Clubs have
all been established and a large number
enrolled in each.
to
on educational
on moral con-
If there is a
blind tiger in the community it is the da
ty of this commiteee to prosecute it and
run it out.
THE SLOW CHILD
Every school has its slow child. Some
teachers simply look upon such a pupil
as one of earth’s unfortunates, while some
few go so far as to call the pupil a dunce
and lay the blame on Providence.
Such children are unfortunate—to have
untrained and unsympathetic^ teachers.
They are likewise unfortunate in another
sense, but not aa the ignorant teacher
thinks. Recent studies of backward
cliildren demonstrate the fact that such
unfortunates have some physical defect
as their misfortune.
The Causes
Bad eyesight, adenoids, diseas^
tonsils, bad teeth, enlarged glands
anaemia, malnutrition, one or more, may
be the cause of the dullness. .
Fortunately all such def^ ca^^ ^
eliminated if properly J
dence is not responsible—parents
I teachers are.