The news in this publica
tion IS released for the press on
the date indicated below.
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS
LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension,
Editorial Boardt K. C. Branson J ft HaR* *
’ Hamilton, L. K. Wil«o„, L. A. Williams. B. H. Thornto,,.
CHAPEL HILL, N. C.
NORTH CAROLINA CLUB STUDIES
WRITE FOR A BULLETIN
The B('.\v Exteasiiin Series Bulletin of
Sl'ie l-nlvtirsity dfialing with correspon-
*aeace coinms and lectures ol.ferert |>y
aBemt>erg of the faculty far 1915-16 w ifi
:be ready tor maih'tif? within a few days.
Shonld you wish one of these
4)rop a postal request to the
Extension, C’liapel Ifill, X. C.
VOL. II, NO. ^
^e.ed ae second-cla.s I. 19^ at the po.,toace Chapel or
BuUetius,
Bnrf^aii of
EXTENSION LECTURES
Ad(lre.«aes have l)eeii made by ineiii-
THE PRODUCTIVE POWER
OF CAROLINA FARMERS
I'iie crop pi-odueiMg power of Carolina
armsm i^reat, .said Mr. F, H. Deaton of
Iredell county to The Carolina Chib the
other night. Last year it wa« $3.84
fireater than tiie average for tlie coimtry-
af-Iarpe, and greater thai> every oiie of
^iiericJ, prairie states of the Middle
^ I Jilt, he added, the prodiicti^'c pow(>r of
Carolina farmers is small. Iw instance,
in the census, year 605,000 fanners
Xorth
ONLY LESS RUINOUS
than WAR
We must he at peat^e with all efii-
ciency, and at war with poov crop
yit^lds and soJI-robbers; for an inefh-
cient agriculture is only less rusnon»
to a uatioij than war or pestileno??.—
The JiaMker-Fanner.
UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EDUCATIOnI
LETTER SERIES NO 52
HABIT AND FORMATION AN0
DittLL
Tliert*' are
bers of the (rniversity faculty recently a.- i
follows: '{ to 1142,000,000; while 130,000
M. C. S. Noble, Pblkton. Nov =; : prodiuwi crop
LilHngtoii, Harnett
Meeting. Nov. 12 , ,u., ..;aKoia me per eapiSa pro
VV. C. Coker, LaGrange, Nov 5 I ior!r!-
L. A. Williams. .rol,n«mn ' J on'j ■f236.>rleas
conntr’T ^ to $180,000,00®,,
county leather’s I L, North Dakota the
j (hiction of crop wealth was
j North Carolina, it was only
rr„ „i , , • . County ; than a fifth an much
Teachers Association, .Smithfield, Nov
6.
O. P
Hein, 8ali.«bury, Nov. 1.
E. A. Harrington, Mebane, Nov. 5.
Collier Cobb, fassiferu ,‘4chooi, Hender-
. sonville, Nov. 4, 5, 6.
iK. C/. Bransou, Chamber (>f C^oininerce,
L.Raleigh, f?ov. U,
DEBATES DEVELOP
An Embarrassing Chart
Here Mr. IKiaton exhibited, a' ctert
showing (1) tlie per capita production of
crop wealth and (2) the per capita
' country wealth of each state in the rtiibn:
in 1910.
1 he crop wealth produced by tlie I?,
000,000 farmers of the (T!,ito.d, .States
averaged $408 per farm worker.. It
ranged from $135 per man in Ne-w Mtx>ic»
to $1,378 in North Dakota.
In North Carolina it averaged $236>.
Forty-three staff's made better sliowiogfi.-
only lour states made pciorer—l^uisiana
Supt. .lohu 1>. Even^tt reports that 13 I
iboys ill tlie Wanesville High S hool are i
already hard at work ou the query which ■
'wUl t)e debated in the 1916 big spring .....
-debates of the High School Debating^219, .Alabama$218.,and:
4Juion. The Debating Union has a won- i * •'i'i35.
■derftil power for developing boys and What is the Matter?
:girls, and the '\^'aynesville boys hard at; " worker im Nort?ii
work thus «irly, are in line to get fi,Ji ’ TJakota proihice upon an averagenearly
Value from their eftbrts.
i SIX times as groal crop wealth a.« a farm
worker in North Carolina? Our awe of
; tol>acco or cotton und('r t^\'en ordinary
cultivation produces values from, tw'o'
' five times the values produced l)y the
I ordinary acre in wreals, hay and forage
I in Noi'th Dakota. What explains ttw'
greater proincti\e power of tlie North,
detim'ie psycholotsfcal prin
ciples inwlved in thif formation'®/habits,
rhese pninciples ajiply in just «be same
~ ! "’ay to th# formation of habits lik» prot>er
per cent, of our coufttry ! r-’^w^tualioii, n>ading, coB\[:ogat-
' mg and decl^ining, as to the forma!ii)0n of
the habits rged in playirjg tennis or oper
ating the tyixewriu-'r. Tht'se priueSpfes
are sim))le in stal4>ment, but theh-^ prttf>er
application .Tta-jHircs iijjreiriitting vi'^-
laiice.
How Habits Are Formed
The tinst litle fm- the tormation of\*.
empha.siiie.» the iniywtan-e of tfw
one-third, 33.3:
noers>.‘4, and, ctwuting botli races, nearly
one-litth,. 19.6 fer cent, of our entirf^
country |.opiilaCiofi are illiterate. In
North Dakota only 3.2 per cent of ihe
countrj-population is illiterate.
[TnscHiooled aiii unskilled labor of
any ,«ort produces lfes» wealth than int*li-'
ligent,. well-directed effort produces. And
what is lunre it reti'afins less, of the weaiyij'^®**’^''
produces.
Herein! lie.- an e.x,f>laaatio.rj of our smaMi
perca-iiita..-ountry w^ftlth in North Caro
lina, $322'. It is- »ialler in only four
tate,sof the Union—^I*'terida $321. Mi.ssi»-
jppi- -wots. J^ouLsianai $287, and Alabamsj^
$231.
I Tlie teacher should not wait for fhia iius-
,fake to occnr later on, but slicBid focus'
ffhe- attention' of the pupilg at tiie' ?tart on
fhe' correct .speiliiig of the w'OrA This
may be done by writing the Word on the
board, and unicferlining the dotibtfu]
‘ " «'■ writing is «.«= a capital, or in col^
ored 't-haik. Whe» your experience has-
taiightt yon that pufvifs tend to go 'wrting
in anyjhing, makft' tiiat element promi^
nent all the start: ?4i>eus the» attention
of the rilsws upon it. Make it stand out
prominently by one Avice or another*.-
The Seconii Law
The ,st'«o«d law- of hwbit-foi rnation is^
this; Attentive repetiti^n untihJhe pro
fess becon>!» airatomal ic.
correct starl. The. thing which is to te'J -»«>■ other, words,
ionMnust te cfc»a,rfj in the®isid of evtTj»i »«H', all drill:jpv eHiciem!. To-
individual of tfte t-iiass. 'ini.is principle-li - t'smiorm to the
is commonly m ‘ idealization." 1^""'''?’'*“ j**** 'lown. It mwst be
significanei*- i,»'- this; .'fc-ver bee-in >t iMiOcrt be repesteJ until the
rtif
AFTER THE AYCOCK MEMO
RIAL CUP
I fp to date, one hundred and (‘ighty-
high schools have signified their in
tention of participating in the big spring
“debates of the fligh School f^etjatiug i l-^^'kota farmer? he asked. |
Union of North (Carolina. The query to , The greater croj> valnes produced f>er|
he discussed is one* of much importance j t‘*'*'mer in forty-three other .states lies |
and moment at this time, Eesolved. :iu greater skill in farm methods, i
That the United States should adopt the j ’lie greater use ol horse and ma-!
policy of greatly enlarging its Navy. ; ciiine i>ower. Cotton and tobact» are ,'
A bulletin of seseuty page.s containing ' crops;
The states that a«a»i! tb» list in pe,
apita coantry weatlih 'an» ."^orlh DakoSae
$2,344.. fJlinois $2;.62»:, 8bnth Dakote
$2,:i93', Nebraska $3;3S6', M«i lowsi $3,386?
Country illiteracy in these' stat«i rangt.*s
Irom 3.2. per cenfe.in, th*v Dakotas hi I;a
per centisi Towa,
The state with iihe’ ssiu-aiM‘«Jii couiurj^-
illiteracw has the gE»nties4 per t-apita couat-
try weatfch. Nebrankai rank? ne.xt in,
)unt,ii!y .iliteracy,. 2„7 pw n^^nt. and ne.st
in. per ca^jita couiiniry weaith.
The people thaKi read am* the
lihat leasl, says C5ai!!eii«‘' Phe.
Phy*- jjt^Mialties we' ^wi.v f^>r w^iilespr^arli
i'lliteirjiny are ap|M41io«;: »eh( these ci!i>ao-
mic ]K»nalties ;a-(> the leaf*
them all.
1«?! fesson imia>}
jmt are ?,e.rf«-tjy aHtomatic;.
tain thai ewry •=(u,pii! ,3nQder.sS«ds exactly ,; '* be
*ri>at he is to rfo- nr>.t,;:i i,;^ Fotj s.
«lo;: untiil his asStwition has
Ijeesi made to fijnujs era jusit that thing.
■Suppose tliat t!!.fe s^»ll'ing of {he word
'■-t^-parate’ ’ is :;o be taugtiS., The con-
ftsslon as likely E£>.oHS3a3!.u'ith tli#' tirsl. ‘ ‘a, "
wUieb many pupiJ.i repiacs- !,>y “er.”
Here are
whifeh must be carefully
f+ass to go-S;Kroitgh the
.Miotion of a 'iliriH with ati&ivSion tnily
wiW •«) what i»-I:>eing done i»«>»mon
■wtragh, but > poor, leachiaa. To-dis-
.^Matinire a: sem«. ,>f drill lassoiis betw
fcewnie mecJ«.iiT»>al is
the process has.-
mifik'fui
.tron are in a ««tio>Si of the- State where
pean nts and y sMts- ujie' UibwaiikDat. These
CTops, togethwY vvia&r com,, fwraish an
iiciea! combin.at!on feed.., aBdi the cost-of-
l>r*>dn«'tion iii thus- nediwed to. a mini-
mnni.
What
, , , . --—,^h ('art»iina is.bii^^l on the
the cereals, hay and : jgiQ cens«.s. report of
:arguments on both sides of the query is Imaclune-niade (Tops. With
.now' being prepared and will be ready
ifor distribution at an early date to all
who desire it. The bulletin will give,
:among other things, the names c>f tw(‘n-
-ty-tive organizations and leagues which
will furnish material on the (.[uery free of
charge.
labor-saving farm
Dakota farmer
PORK PRODUCTION IM
NORTH CAROLINA
>5. H. R.4ND0LPH, Mecfcltaatittirg^
County Chib, rniversity. "sf
Xortli Carolina
The table that follows up.jii. pro
duction in I^orth
swinu sold and
coun&y,. Assuming
' I slaughterwli
, every pig at
report
in each
200 pounds
■pporr' I 1*' i pounds, dressed weight
. y ; gave the total amount of p©,ifk produced
The Blight Of Illiteracy ^
I county gave
fundamental source of difference The counlies
in rural illiteracy. .-Minost exactly i frwrt high to low
the per capita productioa.
were thcii ranked in or‘.lleT
Iht^ oa^itisriii of our
SEat- is doin,^-(ian sfasily bj;. a«et>fnplished
iii the center. atitS west., WbiJe the soils
and climat -hore a.ne not so. well suit^ to
the growing.of y,M/as-aMl i>eaimts, other
crops whii'h now.ld .se-rve the
e()ually vrel!, caB, be- grown
abiindauc>e.
‘ pnr])ose
in lavish
LivestooXi Farming: the
^^eactfStep^
.'ftfjie ofour BMMre progressive-^miej-s
ain» toginnmg t«v see the im{>©rta.m'e of
h»i5a«^raised porfeand other me;:t9.. .lust
a-si-soon as the .vtefe State reaJiaes that
p.gS>.«ndcattle casa.ea.-ily be a.leaii.ng in-
dastry in North..-, Carolina, then.-will she
le-9.p forward and, establish , he:»slf as a
proaressive, ent-wpyrising, .and wide-aiwake
’n»s.tf)ck, .State...
Pella^a Conditiom;
Tbis. seciiK... IS admirably I grits, and
and common lawk of .beef
and other lean i;
suited for the-ps-odHcti®.!! of 5>ork. and it, . ,
isamaEkigto;!i»tla veiv low production *u '' hnttBr. eggs,
in this area. Not ooSy this, UinSl“
region, the pro4iwtion k: iK>rk is steadilv.|.^i “rrv«
lecre.sing. In 1914 we hav.^ in North.;
Garoifina 300.kOOO.liog:s more than in 1910 I t f u ^
.but-«-.e still have 358.000 few-er tha.Ht.l' gf, \ ? ^“stoK.ootmty in
1913. It wiis tMmd that the awra^e an-
we
more than in 1910I
35§^000 fewer than iti,!
186M. -Vjicl {j]ie (iwrease is maiiilr in the-l i
n*ldleandwest«« «,unties 1^2 lbs.
!«opsof this- territory ought to niake it ^ ^ f I"-*--
®asy for the-farmers to pimluce ham a-xf I i m.North Car-
bacon in abiiuchince. ' were ini "'‘"‘^''551, and.SJ.of these
" fii e in a, suigte county^
THE PRODUCTIVE POWER
OF CAROLINA FARMS
Enough in Twenty-Six
Counties
' produced crop w'calth ranging from $16.-;
' 54 to 142.02 per acre. Robeson, I’amli-■
CO, and Dare averaged niore«l>iian ?^30, ' yearly average of meat eonsump-
I tion in the T'nitt'fi States is 1.S6 pounds
I per person. The yearly average cun-
’ sumption of [WH-k in North Carohiia is
around 125 ijoim^is per per.-wui. Only 26
; counties in the Stat^' j>ri>diic€*cl enough
According to the Federal Crop Report-1 ted far and wide the eight banner agriciil- use in th+» census year,
■er, said he, the average value of the ] tural counties of the United States; that
PER CAPITA PORK PRODUCTION IN NORTH
CAROLINA. 1910 CENSUS
,'Vveragc- for the State 93,.3,Lbs.
North Carolina oiitrankel, 39 states in
the produc.tion of crop wealtJi per acre in |
the cen.sus year, said Mr. ,1. B. fluff'of I
Madison county to the North Carolina
dub at its last meeting. i
and Scotland more than {i40 per acre.
Ranhs With The Best In The
Union
Sometime ago the newspapers celebra-
K’ank County
1. Onslow..,
2,. (iates. . . .
3. Duplin. ..
4, Sampson.
tw'elve leaiing crop.« in the l-nited States
in 1914 was $16.:!J per acre. In North
.Carohna it was !j'20.1.S. Barring Ken
tucky alone. North Carohna led the
South in per acre crop vahie.s'. And
■ Kentucky was aheail of us by only 4
cents an acre"
.In the census yi'fir, 41 of our coiiiitie.s
is to say, the counties producing thej
greate.st totals of croj) wealth, Los An-
IN
AHEAD
Los Angeles county, Cal.
Lancaster county, Penn.,
Aroostook county, Maine,
McLe:in county, Illinois,
Livingston county, 111.,
La Salle county. 111.,
Iroquois county. 111.,
Whitman county. Wash.
Why We Lead
c, k;ad iu the per acre production of
•crop wealth, said Mr. lIufF, because our
itobacco, cotton, and sweet potatoes are
More valuable than their cereals, hay and
$35 per
28 per
23 per
18 per
l.S per
17 per
16 per
,14 per
Ten Millions for PorK
The production of pork in North Caro-
geles county heading the list with crops, averaged 93
worth J;14,720,000. ^ The large.st crop to- 1'*^ person; which means that 32
tal in Nortli Carolina was $7,000,000 was imported for every
Robeson. Butin crop-producing power '\oman, and child. On this basis
per acre our eight leii.ding counties were, poumls ol pork were imporU'd
I into Norih Carolina for consumption by
2,206,i'00 people. If we estimate the
price of pork at 15
!jil0,000.000 of wealth
State for pork which
produced at home.
The East Leads, the West Lags
Lvery one of the hea\y pork producing
part of the
Lbts., iiVr Capita I'Rank t^>unty
287.8 ; 50. lee , , .,
265,3. 51.
236.0 52.
234.3.: 53.
'i'yrrell ... 228.6 ' 54.
l’eri-)iiimans 222.9:55.
Lbs.
...222.2
. . 212.7
... 205.2
...187.4
. .-i82.9
...178,9
t'ac nhead.
PER-ACRE YIELDS
Scotland
Robeson
cents per pound,
went out of the
should have be-.*u
; counties is in the eastern
acre; Scotland county,
acre; Robeson county,
acre; I’ainlico county,
acre; Dare county,
acre; NewIlfmovercounty 29,0.'^
acre; Wilson county, 28.70
acre;- Johnston county, 27.71 ^ State. .'H are east of the fall line exce])t
acre; Beaufort county, 26.05 j(Chatham. The next important pork pro-
i Our farm income is mainly from the ^ counties west of the fall line are
sale of crops. We are crop farmers for Randolph, Davidson, 'l adkin,
the most, ami market our products on
four wheels. Their farm income is main
ly from the sale of livestock and animal
forage; and not because of our richer ' They feed their erojis to their
soils, our more ample farm equipments, j own livestock and iiiarket them ou four
'Oriour greater industry and skill. |
Where We Lag I Besiiles, these western famiers are in
’We lead iu the production of i;rop | the region of successful co-operative farm
Kvealth per acre; they lead in the pro
l-duction of crop wealth |ier man. We
'lead in the production of crop wealth;
^they lead hi-the retention of fann wealth.
I'or instance, the per capita country
■wealth of Los Angele-s county is $2,169,
■fn Scotlaud county it is only $466.
. I effort. We- are only just beginning to
widen the margins of farm prolit bj'
forming marketing associations.
Catawba and VV'ilkes have made a suiv
ce.ssful beginning in co-operative enter
prise. When will the... rest of our coun-
tie.s follow? '
and Alexander, with Allf^hany, .Ashe,
Yancey, Madison, .lacksoii, .Macon, and
Clay in the mountain region. None of
these counties, however, produced pork I 34.
enough for home consumption except
Chatham, (,'lay, Alleghany, Yadkin, and ' 37’
Randolpli. 133’
The majV>rity (»l the c»unties producing 39.
less than 60 pounds of pork per person
are in the piedmont region—in a cereals 42
and hay producing area where one would 43.
naturallj’ expect to tind pork produced
in adequate abundance. 1'^^-
'46.
Potatoes, Peanuts, and PorH
The leading counties in pork produc- 49.
Jones.
Brunswiclv.
Hertford
Martin.
Johnston..
Nor.thanq)lon
Chosvau 17h 5
5*^'Hd‘r, 174.0
, Chatham 166.9
( 'olnmbus 160 4
H-wiett ^ 160.0
(.TR^euc 146^9
■■ 14H
.yieghany 133 9
Camden 135.2
Yadkin 131.0
Pamlico 129.7
Bladen.. '.,..127.9 73.'
Randolph i26,S
f*>tt 125.0
Moore 121 4
Hyde.. 121.3
Washington 121.0
Beaufort .,.119.7
.118’4
118.1
56.
57.
58.
59.
6(1..
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
Watauga
Stokes
Caldwell
I rail V! lie
(Iaywo(M,.
Currituck.
C^iimberlaiid;
Catawba
C^arteret
Robeson.
Lincoln
tr-raham,
•Vlauiauee-
Wilkes
\\'ai;ren
Ci-'aveii
Cte-veland.,
Mitchell
Swain
Rowan .
Sliuily.
Madison..
Bertie .
Yancey.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
SI.
.117.9 i 82.
Davidson 113.0
.AJexander 112.2
Lenoir 110.9
Wayne .110^7
t>range 106.5
106.0
Macon 101,6
-■^she 100.4
Jackson 981
Franklin 92.3
Edgecombe >11.g
IrtHlell 91 4
Wilson 89 5
Davie 39.3
Transylvania 88.4
Person gg q
83.
S4.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
Caldwell...
•MeDow ell
liutherford
Anson
Vance.
'^herokee
Union
Halifax
Burke
Cabarrus.,., ^ '
Rockingham
Pasquotank ,
Surry
Wake 53.i
Per Capita
.S7.7
86,5
84,1
83,8
..... 82.1
81.4,
81.2
..... 81.1
80.8
78.8
..... 78.3
7.S.2
78.0
.... 76.9
72.7
... ...... 72.3.
. 716
. ... 70.0
67.8
66.3
..... 66.1
63.1
..... 63.1
63.0
...... 61.&
61.0
6a.9
60.5
^.4
5H.7
57,*
56.0
54.2
54.0
53.7
Scotland
Polk
Forsyth ...
.Montgomery
Henderson
Guilford
Gaston
Buncombe
Richmond
Durham 32.3
Mecklenburg 32 0
New Hanover 19 4
Dare ;; .7
51.6
51.4
50.9
45.9
48.0
46.3
37.0
35.2
34.1