The new« in ihk publica-
tion is released for the press on
the date indicated below.
_ UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Publishe«i weekly by the
University oi Noith Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
SEPTEMBER 20, 1916
CHAPEL HILL, N.
VOL.
a»ori-l Bo-rd. B.C. Braaaoa. J. 8. daB. aamUtou. U 8. Wilson, L. A. Williams, R, H. Thornton, C. .
. MoKie. Entered as seoond-olass matter November H,
NORTH CAROLINA CLUB STUDIES
1914, at the,oostomc« at Chapel Hill, N. C.| ander the act of Auinist 24,1918
CAN ANY COUNTY BEAT IT?
Ten country churches in Mecklenburg
own country church homes for their pas-
ors, as follows: Sugar Creek, Hopewell,
rovidence, Sharon, Paw Creek, Steele
reek. Central Steele Creek, Mallard
reek. Mulberry, and Williams Memorial;
Presbyterian churches all. We are in
debted to Dr. W. E. Mcllwain for this
inforniation.
The re are also other country church
-homes in Mecklenburg owned by churches
of other denominations. Mr. M. H.
andolpb, a Mecklenburg student at the
niversity, is this summer making a
field study of country church homes in
is home county.
We rather think that Mecklenburg
leads the state and the south in this
aential concern of country Ufe.
RICH IN MOTOR CARS
At this writing the automobiles
COUNTRY DEATH RATES
In 1914 there were 29,044 deaths in
North Carolina reported to the State
Health Board; and 8,311 were deaths of
children under two years of age.
Which is to say, 28 per cent or nearly
three of every ten mounds in our ceme
teries cover little children who could not
protect and defend themselves from
disease and death. We counted six lit
tle mounds all in a row in one family lot
in a country cemetery only the other
day!
Why is there such a fearful death rate
among babes? What are the causes?
Are these deaths preventable by intel
ligence and care? Are the lives of little
children in greater danger in the country
than in cities? Is the death rate of
country children higher than that of city
children? If so, why? What particu
lar causes in the country put the livesJ|of
children in greatest danger? What
, ", 1 ' i.1 02 j ought country motliers to know, and
orth Carohna registered in the ofhce of : can they do to save the lives of
he Secretary of btate, number 24,407. | children?
Our investment in motor cars is around
leven million dollars, or two million
ollara more than our investment in pub-
c scliool property of all sorts in 1913-14.
In two and a half centuries we have ^ her field assistant, are now
een able to accumulate church property ' trying to answer in a house-to-house
study of health conditions and death
rates among children in a country town-
Studying North Carolina
These are some of the questions that
Dr. Frances Sage Bradley and Miss
II Nortli Carolina valued at fifteen mil-
ion dollars; but we have created a
•ealth in automobiles amounting to
leven mii!io«i dollars in less than ten
ears.
WHAT SOCIAL SERVICE IS
There is a tendency to take too nar
row a view of social service, just as
there was formerly a tendency to take
too narrow a view of spirituality. The
result is that as much cant is being
preached in the name of social service
as ever was preached in the name of
spirituality.
This is to be expected of those who
do not realize that all productive
work, such as growing corn, wheat,
or cattle to feed the world, or grow
ing wool or cotton to clothe the world,
is social service; and that the best so
cial service which the average man
can perform is to do his regular work
well—to grow good crops if he is a
farmer, and to bring up his family in
habits of industry, sobriety, thrift, re
liability, and mutual helpfulness; that
anything, in short, is social service
which builds up the country and
makes it strong, powerful, progres
sive, and prosperous.
The church which preaches and
teaches social service in this broad and
constructive sense will become a pow
erful factor in the progress and pros
perity of the country, and is not likely
to lack for adequate support.—Dr.
Thomas N. Carver.
UNIVERSITYI SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
LETTER SERIES NO. 91
DISEASED DIRTY MEAT
The animals, condemned whole or in
art by the Federal meat inspectors last
ear, were 945,000, or 1.6 per cent of all
I animals inspected. More than half
lie cattle condemned had tuberculosis;
early half of the hogs condemned were
iseased with choiera, and nearly a third
'ith tuberculosis.
In addition, the meat condemned upon
e-inspection amounted to nearly 19 mil
lion pounds, because.it had become sour,
ainted, putrid, unclean, rancid or other-
'ise unwholesome in the course of mar
keting.
Local Slaughter Houses
Nearly half the beef, pork, and mutton
•onsuuiej in the United States is locally
butchered, and usually is sold without
ispection of any sort. Some time ago
e looked over a report upon local
slaugiiter pens in a neighboring state by
a state inspector. Result: a queazy
tomach, and a resolve with Saint Paul
0 eat no more meat.
The report was not allowed to go to
lie public through the press.
What do you know about the meat
your family eats.? Did jou ever visit
tiie local slaughter house? Stroll over
tliat way some Sunday afternoon.
ship in Cumberland County,
They represent The Children’s Bureau
in Washington City. Mothers can have j '
the bulletins of this Bureau free of ^ bread products in the markets of the
charge. A post card request will bring a world, {3j a consequent increase in the
list of them from the Bureau Chief, Miss ' retail prices tliat consumers must pay for
.lulia C. Lathrop. j pantry supplies in this country, (4) but
From time to time we shall be giving not a corresponding increase in the farm
to our readers extracts from Dr. Brad-' prices paid for food crops, meat animals,
ley’s address to the recent Country-Life ' and dairy products.
FEW IF ANY RIGHTS
It sometimes looks as if some people
thought our teachers have few if any
rights. And it is interesting to take even
a mere glance at the present status of the
teacher’s profession. In fact, it might
be asked if there is really such a thing as
the profession of teachins.
The Profession of Law
There is such a thing as the legal pro
fession in North Carolina. There is a
l^rescribed course of study and a legal
age for the applicant, who must be ex
amined by the Supreme Court of the
State, which gives a license to practice
law to anyone, male or female, white or
black, who satisfactorily passes the ex
amination. One who receives such a
license is a lawyer as long as he lives
so far as the examination is concerned.
The Medical Profession
There is such a thing as the medical
profession in this state. He who would
become a member of this profession must
have certain prescribed academic train-
ing, must hav^e certain medical training,
' and must satisfactorily pass an exami-
: nation before the State Board of Exami
ners, composed of well-trained doctors.
Anyone white or black, male or female,
who satisfactorily passes this examination
is given a life license to practice medicine
in North Carolina.
The Dentist
Ttie denti.'^t also, as well as the lawyers
and the aoctors, can claim that he is a
member of a recognized profession. He
must have certain academic training, he
Instute at the University.
CHILDREN’S PERILS
Arranged in the order of their impor
tance, the causes of death of children
The livestock farmers are demanding
to know wliy, under these circumstances,
their margin of profits is so narrow.
The Interest of Mill Owners
And industrial centers must every-
under five years of age in North Carolina where consider the enormous increase in
in 1014 were as follows: i the cost of living. Nearly a century and
Dysentery and diarrhea 2,07!i a half ago Adam Smith saw the compell-
Inherited weakness 1,364 iiig relationship between the cost of liv-
Piieumonia, bronchitis, pleurisy, etc. 1,135 ing and the daily wage. As the cost of
Whooping cough 410 living rises wages must rise, and the
Diphtheria 286 labor cost of production must increase.
Meningitis
Malformation at birtli.
Tuberculosis
Measles
Malaria
Typhoid.
..180
..162
..157
...,i»4
...!)1
...69
WHY SO MANY LITTLE
GRAVES
Tlirue-tifths of the babes that die dur
ing the first month and a third of those
at die during the first year die because
of defective parentage. They die because
of weaknass inlierited from unsound par
ents—usually the fatlier.
The second commonest cause of infant
deatlis is disease of the breatlilng tract,
due to the lingering belief that damp air
or night iir breeds disease, and to lack
abundant fresh air in bed rooms, aum-
-^er and winter alike. The result is
adenoids, enlarged or diseased tonsils,
frequent sore throat, and diseased ears,
hronchitis, pneumonia, and tuberculosis,
especially tuberculosis of the bones,
which, according to the report of recent
investigators, is more common among
5oWtry than among city children.
A third cause of frequent trouble is
due to poorly-balanced rations, improper
cooking, irregular eating, and in older
children to neglected teeth. The baby
18 started out on a taste of everything
tlie mother eats ‘to keep it from having
the colic.’ It is given fats and poorly
cooked starches i in fact, anything it
Wants at any and all hours. Its stomach
IS overworked, and there is no escape
the indigestion commonly reported
"J the mothers. The child falls into
disaster through the misguided and over-
^alous care of an untrained mother.—
Frances Sage Bradley.
About a third of the children who died
during the first year died because of con
ditions existing in the parents before
their children were born—a thing for
fathers to think about.
For the most part, the other diseases
in the above list are preventable, or
easily curable by prompt, intelligent
care and attention.
“According to the report of our State
Board of Health and the Federal Census,
North Carolina,” says Dr. Frances Sage
If the labor wage does not rise, the
standard of living among wage earners
must be lowered; in which event unrest,
chronic discontent, trade unions and
strike conditions develop.
Hence the self-defensive interest of
industrial centers in local markets for
home-raised food and feed supplies in the
nearby farm regions; in direct dealings
between farm producers and city con
sumers with mutual advantage; in de
creasing the market cost of pantry sup
plies and keeping the cost of living at a
minimum.
In brief, a growing city must now be
the center of a well-developed food-pro
ducing area. It Is a problem appealing
to the self-interest of the captain of in-
Bradley,” has a higher death rate from in every manutacturing center,
tuberculosis, typhoid, infantile diarrhea local market problem must be
and whooping cough than any other gQjyg(j or they must raise wages. These
state in the Union.” j are the horns of the dilemma.
We have mother-love in lavish abund-1 problem can never be solved until
ance in our homes. We need mother- ^ jn the surrounding territory
W'isdom, if we are to save the lives of our g^sily market their food products for ready
children. Mother love should be a think- price and profit,
ing love, said John Henry Pestalozzi. Collusion not Collision
==== The farmers can not solve their mar-
ENORMOUSFOOD EXPORTS ! ket problems alone, nor city consumers a-
During the year ending with last June, ' lone. If bankers, manufacturers, traders
the Uniid States supplied the markets of, consumers and producers xan rjot work
Ih^vorld with more than a billion dol-, out the necessary practical details in or-
lars worth of food stuffs, meat animals,
horses anti mules* These are recent figures ^ ^ c j i*
IfThe federal Department of Commerce, cal markets for home-raised food supplies
01 lue reuei» h lies in cooperation not in competition;
in coliu'^ion notin collision.
ganized harmony, the situation is hope
less. The solution of the problem of lo-
Some of the details of this enormous
export trade are as follows:
Horses and mules.
must be a graduate of a dental college,
and must satisfactorily pass an exami
nation before the State Board of exami
ners, each of whom is a dentist of train
ing and reputation.
The Druggist
The druggist is no longer a mere clerk
in a drug store under the dir'ection of
some local physician, but he is a member
of a profession. To become a registered
pharmacist he must take a certain course
of academic and professional training,
and must finally go before the state
board of druggists and stand an exami
nation. If his examination is satisfactory
he receives a life license as a pharmacist.
The Teaching Profession
The teacher has no such thing as
equal rights with the law'yer, the doctor,
the dentist, the druggist, the trained
nurse, or the plumber, and many others
who are licensed to follov\ their chosen
calling. He may graduate from our best
academic instutions, and he may have the
best professional training that tfie state
or private interests can provide, but every
two years he must take an examination
on the same subjects and be graded and
sized up as tho he had never been ex
amined before, Even tho he always
passes and always receives a first grade
certificate, this makes no diflerence, for
two years hence he must be examined a-
gain.
Is this the way to make teaching a pro- ,
fession? The plan is not followed in law,
medicine, denistry, and other professions.
Who stands in the way of equal rights to
teachers?
Most of these studies were finished Clinton,
within the term, as planned. Some oth- 25. Transylvania.—T. C. Henderson,
ers can be fiuished this fall only by field Quebec,
work at home. The subjects explored
were as follow's;
Economic and Social Problems
1. The Taxpayer’s Dollar in Charlotte.—
J. C. Harper, Jr., Mecklenburg County.
2. Church and Sunday School Condi
tions in Mark’s Creek Tuwnship, Wake
Ooimty: A Field Study.—J. C. Crumpler,
Wayne County.
3. Country Churches and Sunday
Schools in North Carolina.—H. C. Grif-
lin, Northampton County.
4. Social Survey Schedules for Swain and
Watauga.—E. L. Sugg, Orange County.
5. Crop-\Vealth Produced per Farm
Worker in North Carolina.—G. W. Brad
shaw, Randolph County.
6. Cultivated Acre? Per Farm Worker
in North Carohna.—J. H. Lassiter,
Northampton County.
7. Farm Tenancy: Thirty-Year In
creases and 1 )ecreases in North Carolina.
—G. W. Mann, Macon County.
8. Cotton Production in North Caro
lina : Increases and Decreases since 1909.
—G. W. Mann, Macon County. Univer
sity News Letter, Sept. 13, 1916.
General School Studies
9. Consolidation of Rural White
Schools in North Carolina, 1913-14—S. B.
Smithey, Wilkes County. University
News Letter, July 26, 1916.
10. Annual Average Salaries of Rural
White Teachers in North Carolina.—R.
B. Spencer, Pamlico County.
11. Rural Buildings and Supplies in
North Carolina, 1913-14.—R. B. Spencer,
Pamlico County.
12. Rural School Property, (Both Races)
in North Carolina, 1913-14.—R. B. Spen
cer, Pamlico County .
Rural Schools: RanK and
Five-Year Gains
13. Alamance.—J. C. Peel, Elon Col-
195, 477,000
Meat animals, meat and dai- * CAROLINA STUDIES AT THE
ry products : SUMMER SCHOOL
BreadstuflTs, all told 415,989,000 . , . , u ■ ■ u r, ,
Wheat and fiour 300,408,000 During the six weeks of the Summer j with Winston-Salem.
PorTand pork products 188,307,000 School at the University of North Caro-^ Durham.
Thp cost of Living Una this year, the teachers registered in. 20. Halifas.—F. A. McNeer, Glouces-
^ nroducers face the the courses offered by the Department of ter.
Consumers an [ Rural Economics and Sociology threshed 21. Martin.—J. L. Smith, Chapel Hill.
14. Buncombe.—J. M. Coleman, Ashe
ville, and R. H. Hutchison, Candler.
15. Caldwell.—Lawton Blanton, Shelby.
16. Duplin.—Leo Carr, Durham.
17. Durham City Schools Compared
W. M. Upchurch,
26. Union.—Miss Ruth Green, Monroe.
27. Watauga.—T. E. Story, Blowing
Rock.
28. Wilkes.^S. B. Smithey, Wilkes-
boro.
Industries in 1915
29. Union.—B. C. Harrell, Marshvillei
30. Wayne.—G. C. Royali, Goldsboro.
31. Wake. — L. M. Upchurch, New
Hill, and F. B. Shipp, Raleigh.
Historical Background
32. Buncombe. — R. H, Hutchison,
Candler.
33. Duplin.—J. B. Hill, Warsaw.
34. Forsyth.—D. H. Carlton, Winston-
Salem.
35. Granville.- Miss Kate Ferguson,
Neuse.
36. Union.—Miss Sarah Redwine, Mon
roe.
37. Wake.— L. M. Upchurch, New
Hill.
38. Warren.—S. M. Gardner, Macon.
Local Market Problems
39. Alleghany.—A. 0. Joines, Strat
ford.
40. Buncombe.—H. S. Clark, Leices
ter.
41. Duplin.—H. L. Stephens, Warsaw.
42. Forsyth.—W. B. Dalton, Winston-
Salem.
43. Rockingham.—T. D. Stokes, Ruffin.
44. Sampson. — S. H. Hobbs, Jr.,
Clinton.
45. Warren.—S. M. Gardner, Macon.
County Booklets: Economic
I and Social
46. Brunswick.—R. E. Rauson, South-
' port.
47. Durham.—W. M. Upchurch, Dur
ham.
48. Surry.—C, F. Crissman, Siloam.
49. Swain.—H. F. Latshaw, Almond.
50. Yadkin.— P. B. Eaton, Yadkin-
ville.
51. Yancey.—Ed. Warrick, Sioux.
and producers
tb. o.,«.,-one problem.
domestic supply of meat animals; which cance
is to say, there is a per capita decrease m
the home-production munities they serve.
of local signifi-
lion dollar demand
These teachers are preparing for leader
bil- ship as well as teachership in the com- Hertford.
I 24. Sampson. —
t
MAGNIFICENCE AND MISERY
“Magnificence and misery side by side’'
is a phrase coined by Charles Dickens long
ago.
“Monstrous opulence and• monstrous
poverty” is a phrase coined by Victor
Hugo who said, England produces wealth
Montgomery.—F. W. Shamburger, wonderfully and distributes it infamously.
Increasing progress along witn increas
ing poverty among men is a shameful de
nial of the mind and message of the Mat
ter.
22
Biscoe.
23. Perquimans. — L.
R. Crawford,
8. H. Hobbs, Jr.,