North Carolina Newspapers

mill' Library The news in this publica tion is released for the press on receipt. THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA NEWS LETTER Published weekly by the University of North Carolina for its Bureau of Extension. AUGUST 14,1918 CHAPEL HILL, N. C. VOL. IV, NO. 38 £diorial Board i E. C. Branson, .J. U. deli. Hamilton, L. R. Wilson, E. H. Thornton, S. M. McKie. Entered as seoond-olass matter November 14,1914, at the Postofflee at Chapel Hill, N.JO., under the aot of August 24,1912. HOME-GUARD DUTIES REVIVIFYING CAROLINA A Government pamphlet of unusual interest shows what is being done in North Carolina for the industrial and social revivification of that State under the auspices of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Among the activities of the Exten sion Bureau of the university in the last three years have been the thresh ing out of no less than 227 subjects of State-wide importance. The whole eco nomic and social condition of the State has been studied. Among the various subjects discussed are the church mem that of bureaus of extension in othei institutions. The bureau set itself the task of setting forth the ideals of America in their relation to the con flict, rather than methods of conserva tion or military endeavor. Believing that it was the highest privilege of a college to teach truth, it set about through its various channels to teach the ideals by which America was actu ated in entering the struggle, and to show America’s relation to her allies in the fight for freedom. The first step in this changed pro gram was the organization of exten-! , r I sion centers in two North Carolina' bership ratios, rural white illiteracy,' cities—Winston-Salem and Raleigh, illiteracy in the cotton mills, farm ten- j Local committees were appointed in death rates, indoor and ' each city with which university in- outside pauperism, homicide rates, structors co-operated. At Winston- child labor, wage-earning women, local school support, consolidated country schools, boys’ clubs, and university support. The Carolina Club The production and retention of wealth and the business and social uses of wealth have been investigated. There has been a comprehensive in quiry into farm production problems. The North Carolina Club has held fortnightly meetings to stimulate in- Salem two groups, one for the whites and one for the negroes, were formed with an enrollment of 400 and 76, respectively. This membership was drawn from every section of the city and offered an evidence of its serious interest by paying an entrance fee to cover the cost of programs, syllabus, traveling expenses of the instructors and by obligating its regular attend ance at the conferences. The Winston-Salem Plan terest in all such matters. “The stud-. Co-operating with the committee. University, through its faculty; furnished the syllabus and instnictors lets can quickly assemble from the club files 227 exact facts about their county, and show its rank among the one hundred counties of the State in 227 important particulars. They quick ly see whether or not their county is moving forward, marking time, or lag ging in the rear in essential matters of life and business.” Last fall’s club studies cover a remarkable range of SOLDIERS OF OBSCURITY The Soldiers of the Common Tasks- They do not dwell in tents; In house and school, in shop and field Arise their battlements. They do not wear a warrior’s dress Nor march to thrilling drums. Yet mighty in their lowliness They fight till Wrong’ succumbs. The Soldiers of the Humble Deeds, Who save the light and heat; Who keep with joy the holy fast That gives the starving meat; The woman whose swift needles clothe The bearer of her lance; Yea, every praying, toiling heart Defends our flag in France! The Soldiers of Obscurity— They hide they wounds and grief And guard against despair and doubt The forts of their belief. They keep the faith, for on them rests Their great Republic’s fate— From theni its heroes draw the strength To shield and save the State! and arranged for six conferences at weekly intervals, each instructor meet ing the two groups on consecutive days. Those in attendance at the con ference later met smaller groups throughout the city, with the result that thousands of the population were reached. The general subject, America and Her Allies—France was discussed State interests—farm wealth, Indus-; , i * • r ui. r j j under the following heads: (1) The trial wealth, _forests_ and wood lots, r ■fisheries, mines and quarries, bank capital. State revenues, the per capita Cost of State Government, the general jiroperty tax. State aid to agriculture, charities and corrections, investment in public-school properties and public health work. It is plain that the study of ques tions like these, under expert direction, will have a direct effect on the future of the State. There will soon be a large body of young people wdth at least an elementary knowledge of North Carolina Conditions—a knowl edge gained not at haphazard or under the spell of the demagogue, but in an orderly and trustworthy way. A Fruitful Worh The various many-sided activities of the Bureau of Extension cannot be easily summarized, but one of the their common struggle for freedom, most interesting is the revival of pub lic debate through the medium of prize contests in the schools. The Gov ernment pamphlet says: “In 1914 the number of schools grew to 150, and a number of girls made places on the teams. Forty-one schools Mary’s School, and Peace won in the first preliminary and sent ^ jjjgLtute. Russia was the first subject, 164 representatives to the university, following: •for the final contest. Winston-Salem Tolstoy: Prophet of Revolution; won on the negative of the subject of .gi Kropotkin and the Revolutionary the initiative and referendum, ^xty | Qj.oupj (3) Contemporary Russia in four of the one hundred North Garo-| Literature; (4) Political History Common Cause (2) The Physical Scene (3) The People—Civilization and Achievement, (4) History and Institu tions, (5) 'The Debt of America to France, (6) A Nation in Arms; The Slater School for Negroes The Slater School at Winston-Salem, one of the most important schools for negroes in the South participated in the conference on' France. The Univer sity instructors met the group of stu dents and negro leaders, giving them the same instruction as the whites. After the conference these leaders in turn “carried on” the subject matter to the large body of negro employees in the tobacco and other industries of the city and evidenced keen interest in the larger aspects of the relation of the American and French Republics in The Raleigh Group A somewhat similar plan was carried out in Raleigh. There the local com mittee was composed of representa- I tives of the city schools, Meredith Col Publications Broadcasted In order to reach individuals throughout the entire State, corres pondence courses were offered and a readers’ package library service was maintained. Twenty leaflets published mischievous, anti-war, pro-German lies that we are convinced of the presence of paid German agents in Orange county.^ The serpent whispers about the Red Cross were nasty and nauseating. They could not possibly have originated in innocent ignorant minds. The rest were positively devilish in their cun ning. For instance, the automobiles used in the country campaign were generous ly loaned by their owners; nevertheless the country people were promptly told that they were fools to put their money into war stamps to pay for motor cars to haul around town folks out on a frolic. Alert, courageous patriots in this and every other county need to get' speak out. and treason in York city who was defeated for a second term by the Tammany candi date by a vote of two to one. "rhey per fectly indicate what manner of man he was. Long; before he consented to become a candidate for a second term he had applied for a place in the United States infantry. After hjs defeat he jumped into aviation, and won flis fly ing commission just three weeks be fore his death by accident in Louisiana On July 6. As a soldier of liberty he has served •humanity far better than ever he did as mayor of New York city, great as that service was. “I decline to be slick and play a smooth game,” he said to his advisers in politics; “I prefer to be right and busy with treachery and treason in Noble words, those! every locality. They voice a rare greatness of soul. Get into communication with the They ring with righteousness and Committee on Public Information, 8 courage—with what Carlyle called the Jackson Place, Washington, D. C. Ask Immensities and Verities of life, for its pamphlets, especially for The' Arresting words! Kaiserite in America. i They challenge response from the “Do not become a tool of the Hun ' and evermore, by passing on the malicious, disheart-1 .P, yih ccme in strict ening rumors which he so g^gg^iy ' accord with spiritual law—Deep dalleth sows. Remember he asks no better service than to have you spread his' n i, j. 1 lies of disasters to our soldiers and; , ^ i calleth unto shal- sailors, gross scandals in the Red; , shallow will little hear Cross, cruelties, neglect and wholesale i ^ Purroy executions in our camps, di-unkenness:a, a, and vice in the Expeditionary Force,' • 9 ^ said, I d rather be and other tales certain to disturb | President. American patriots and to bring anxiety ^ ^®®’ said. My son, never and grief to American parents. i thing to make a friend And do not wait until you catch q^. Stephens, who said, I fear b7the Universirt^ ^ro senTto th^ llTorT"ReTort'lL" nothing on earth,’above it o’r befow -Hap uio’U =phppic. factory. Report the man who spreads 1 g^ly to do wrong. press, the high schools, and many citi zens of the State. In case of the leaf- pessimistic stories, divulges—or seeks iptc o , J i 1, —confidential military information lets, a special effort was made to have ,,,, p1Fp,.i-c thern used by school principals for dis cussions and opening exercises, in literary societies, in public entertain ments and at county commencements. cries for peace, or belittles our efforts to win the war. “Send the names of such persons, even if they are in uniform, to the De- Several of them ■were also prepared Partment of Justice, Washington. Give for the use of college students study-; details you can, with names of ing American and English literature.' witnesses if possible—show the Hun that we can beat him at his own game of collecting scattered information and putting it to work. “You are in contact with the enemy today, just hs truly as if you faced him across No Man’s Land. In your tionVf the leaflets was three tho’usand hands are two po-werful weapons with copies and in the case of patriotic [ which to meet him—discretion and selections the editions were five thou-‘ vigilance. Use tnbm. sand or more. j ’ — The University News Letter, a clip sheet having a circulation of 15,000, i was issued weekly, the content of! which was largely related to the war Three hundred members of the fresh man and sophomore classes of the Uni versity used them as texts, as did stu dents in other schools and colleges of the country. Iivevery instance the minimum edi- ’th ‘ SAFE-GUARDING OUR BOYS The attitude of Secretary Baker and General Pershing has been that of men HOME-GUARD DUTIES The world’s greatest battle has now begun, says Mr. j ames H. Pou, of Ral eigh. Our soldiers as well as those of our allies are on the fighting line. They are fighting and dying like heroes. On their efforts the fate of civilization de pends. While w'e at home cannot fight, we can do things that will strengthen the men who do fight. I suggest the following methods by which we at home can do somewhat to strengthen the hands of our army. Here are my suggestions: 1. Produce and' save every pound of food possible, and use only those foods not needed for export—-especially avoid the use of sugar, flour, bacon and lard . 2. Avoid the use of coal. Bum wood and extended the instruction given in' ®®®'‘ and thereby save both coal and freight the more extensive methods indicated, room for tLse who can’t get — above. Pachage Library Service have seen a private letter ^ Baker which shows not i>nly that lie is sensitively aware of the value of ^ , TT • . ^ standard of sex morality set by offi- For years the Lniversity library has cers for men, but that he has instituted furnished package libraries'and single a policy for obtaining it in the home books and pamphlets to the club wo-. camps. It is mv personal belief after men and high schools of the State.' nearly four years of observation of five This year special material in maga-. armies in this war that no other army zine and pamphlet form bearing upon ig go safeguarded against veneral dis- AmeriCa’s entry into the war has been ease as ours. collected. This was loaned for the, It is certain that no army in histoiy lina counties were represented, and a total audience of more than 50,000 was “Enthusiasm and interest have steadily increased from the beginning. In 1915 the number of schools reached 250; in 1916 it grew to 325; and in the 1917 contest it reached 332, with a total of 1,328 debaters, all speaking m :332 North Carolina communities on the same night (March 20) to audiences of 120,000 to 150,000 people. In these of Russia, 1878-1914; (5) and Present' Transformation in Russian Politics and Society. A syllabus was prepared j and distributed among the members of the center. Reference books were set aside in the city and college li braries, and the local papers featured the discussions at the conferences. At 1 the conclusion of the course on Russia, | arrangements were made for repeating j the Conference on France given at Winston-Salem, the total number en- preparation of debates, club papers has ever dealt with’this accompani- and school orations and essays. Con-, ment of war—more devastating than sequently its use reached a large pub-' machine guns—so wisely and so lie. During the winter 2,474 pieces of thoroughly, with so high a purpose literature were loaned in this way, and grounded on so careful a program as more than 1,100 letters were written ours. But the situation is so vast and | in America are not the pro-German, relative to the use of the ma.terial. go complex that no measures can ever i the pacifist, the anarchist. They are Among the package hbiaiies loaned wholly meet it. There are needed in luxury,!extravagance, waste, idleness, the following were most frequently in France men of commanding position wood. 3. Avoid luxury and extravagance and be sa-ving as possible in the use of necessities. Stay away from the mar kets. Don’t buy until you must and then sparingly. We have a famine market, and every unnecessary pur chase increases the scarcity. Wear old clothes. Expenditures to meet the re quirements of fashion are in bad taste and are unpatriotic. 4. Don’t employ labor in unproduc tive work. Every workman is needed in essential industry. The unnecessary and unproductive occupations should be suspended until peace. 5. The Kaiser’s most valuable allies demand: in this department of social science— three 'contests the subjects were ship 1 j.^Hed being approximately 200. subsidies, the enlargement An interesting outgrowth of the con- Navy, the Government ownership of railroads, the winners being the high schools of Wilson, Graham, and Waynesville.” A fruitful work has thus been begun in North Carolina. The university has gone out into the highways and by ways.. and made its influence felt throughout the State. It has interpret ed the phrase extension work m’Ore generously than we have been accus tomed to do in the North. It has un dertaken to embrace all the vital inter'- ests of the State in its survey and lay the foundations for a more intelligent appreciation and treatment ot , interests in the years to come. , States and other universities should study the results already attained. The Providence, R. I Journal. WAR EXTENSION WORK Upon the entry of the United States into the world war the bureau ^ ex tension of the Universiy of No^-tn Carolina prompt'y adapted its mac ery for serving North times of peace to a wm-the-war pro gram. It did it with the dispatch th characterized the establishment y University of military training on tne campus for the student body. But the nature of the program ot the bureau was different from that ^ the military units, and, in fact, tiom ferences in both cities was the deter mination to hold in Winston-Salem during the first week in April a patri otic celebration of the anniversary-; ot the entrance of the United States into the war, and in Raleigh to give later in the year a community pageant cele brating the three hundredth anniver sary of the death of Sir Walter Ral eigh. Group Lectures Provided In a number of other cities it was not advisable to form centers and pro vide for conferences with intensi-ve study. It -was practical, howe-ver, to offer such cities from three to six lec tures on related war topics, a condi tion which had been foreseen by the bureau to meet which- a program of Lch lectures was outlined and a leaf let on What to Read Conceraing^ the War was prepared. Upon this basis interesting series were carried out in SS'."'., Souther. Pines Rocky Mount, and other towns. In all ot these communities the subject of American ideals received special em- ’^’^sfmilarly lectures were given in communities which could not provide f^more than one lecture of this sort, irall a total of sixty such lectures were given in as many towns through out the State. America’s Relation to the War, Aus- men like Fosdick, Flexner, and Knee- tria-Hungary and the War, Aviation, land. The Battle of Jutland, British Muni-i n j tions Production, The British Navy, j Help the Red Triangle Causes of the War, Docurnents Ke|,^9! But if I were writing a criticism, at ing to America s Entry Into the Wai, j should have the grace to re- England and the War, Eur^ean ^ar from scoring points on the army Relief, Experiences at the Front, The y, M. c. A. The simple troth is that Future Peace of the World, German overworked and useful organ- Aims and Ideals, Germany--Economic j^ation. The Red Triangle is trying to and Financial, German Ideals, German, ^p nearly half a million lonely Occupation of Belgium, German Goou- f,gyg who are a long way from home, pation of France, India and the War, isn’t doing it in a Unitarian or trini- The Manufacture of Munitions, Italy: .(.g^rian—but in a humanitarian way. It and the War, Our Flag, Pnn-German-! soldiers to come and stay ism. Prisoners of Yror, Red Gross,; j^gme. It doesn’t legislate Russia and the War, Submarines, ihc ^ personal habits in minor matters Turkish Empire and .Armenia; United, enough to States Army, United States Navy,; g Qoiintry. It regards Women’s Work m the War, Why _ We ggMjgyg gg self-respecting human be ings who are free agents. It doesn’t ask as a test for admission to the huts that the men shall sign a pledge ^0 i or recite a creed. It asks no ques- Are at War, Y. M. C. A. War Work Movies Widely Used The University also loaned schools throughout the State moving, figns, but ministers in the spirit of the ! picture films and featured as far as | Master to men in need without distin'e- ! possible the war activities of America^ gf greed—to Jews, Catholics, Uni- I and her allies. Special films showing; fgrians. Evangelicals and the creedless ; the preparation of England for the war, g^Lg. ^ were exhibited in the Y. M. C. A. halls j Friends in America, our young men ' at Camp Greene and lectures by mem- | g^g war. Don’t defeat efforts to bers of the faculty were given on a -.^.g f^em recreation from the bitter- M 1 L. _ y. t number of topics. The fundamental idea of all this ser vice has been that of “carrying on.” In every instance the University has at tempted to give information and in struction in such a way that it might be further multiplied through school or club or press of the State. SPIES AND LIES During the week of the national war stamp drive we ran afoul of so many ness of war, by insistence on credal statements, denominational preaching and anti-nicotine regulations. Help the army, the Red Cross and the Red Triangle with full generosity. But let them alone in the use they make of your help. They know the field.— Arthur Gleason, in The Survey. BE kiGHT AND SPEAK OUT These are the words of John Purroy Mitchell, the former mayor of New 6. At essential work, do a hand and a half’s w’ork every day; earn every dollar possible and save the re sults of your work. 7. If you are in debt, and your debts fall due in the next two or three years, pay your debts, or fund them into long time loans. Otherwise when peace comes you may find the debt burden some. Paying debts in a falling mar ket is a painful ordeal. 8. If you have money, or if you can save money by economy, or can earn by industry invest this money "with the Government. If you can spare the money and wish a permanent loan, buy 4 1-4 per cent non-taxable Libert Bonds. If you can spare it for only a few months buy 4 1-2 per cent Treas- ery Certificates. Buy some War Sav ings and Thrift Stamps and keep buy ing. These dollars will fight during the war and come back to you after the war when money will be worth several times its present value. 9. After the war, we must all help with our taxes to pay the bonds. If we be thrifty and wise now, we can ar range for some of this money to come to us. 10. Show courtesies whenever pos sible to passing soldiers. They are go ing to the front to fight and maybe die, that we may remain at home in safety, "rhey go to meet the German and stop him before he comes here. We haven’t a dollar that is too good for the hum blest, soldier who risks his life for us. 11. In doing and gi-ving—go the limit. In after life we will be proud of the things we gave and the sacrifice we made. Riches earned by shirking duty will be badges of infamy for generations to come. 12. If we intend to give or to do any thing—DO IT NOW.-—James H. Pou.