The news in this publica
tion is released tor the press on
receipt
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
JUNE 11,1919
CHAPEL Hn.T., N. C.
VOL. V, NO. 29
gaUorial Board ■ B. C. Branson, J. G, deK. Hamilton, L. R. Wilson, D, D Carroll, G. M. McKie.
Entered as second-class matter November 14, 1914, at the Postoffloe at Chapel Hill, N, C., under the act of August 24,1912.
THE CONFERENCE PROGRAM
The Social-Work Conference of the
University Summer School is marked up
for July 13-20.
Sunday July 13th, 11 a. m.—Southern
Country Church Problems, by Rev. L. B.
Hayes of Franklin, N. C. At 8 p. m..
The Modern Good Samaritan, by Dr.
Alexander Johnson, director of the Home
Service work of the American Red Cross
in the South.
Monday the 14th, 4:30 p. m.—Country
Y Work in the South, by Howard Hub-
bell, director of County Y. M. C. A’s. in
the Southern States. At 8 p. m., The
Discovery of the Schoolhouse, by Dr.
Henry E. .Jackson, special agent in Com
munity Organization for the Federal
Fiducation Bureau.
Tuesday the IStli, 4:30 p. m.—The
Schoolhouse as the Community Capitol,
by Dr. Henry E. Jackson. At 8 p. m.,
The Medical Inspection of School Chil
dren, by Dr. G. M. Cooper, state director
of Medical School Inspection.
Wednesday the 16th, 4:30 p. m.—Child
Welfare Work in North Carolina, by
Mrs. Kate Brew Vaughn, state director
of the Bureau of Infant Flygiene. At 8
p. m., The Schoolhouse as a Community
Forum, by Dr. Hetiry E. Jackson.
Thursday the 17th, 4:30 p.m.—The War
of Homes against Social Vice, by Mrs.
Clarence A. Johnson, president of the
State Federation of AVomen’s Chibs. At
S p. m., The Schoolhouse as a Neighbor
hood Club, by Dr. Henry E. Jackson.
Friday the 18th, 4:30 p. m.—Mill \ il-
lage Welfare Problems, by J. McD.
Gamewell, superintendent of Erlanger
Mills, Lexington, N. C. At 8 p. m.,
Community Banking and Buying, by Dr.
Henry E. Jackson.
Saturday the 19th 4:30 p. m.—How to
Organize a Community Center, by Dr.
Heniy E. Jackson.
Sunday the 20th, 11 a. m.—The Social
Message of Jesus, by Dr. AV'. D. AVeath-
erford, Southern Field Secretary of Col
lege Y.M. C. A’s. At 8 p. m.. Our
Country Sunday School Problems, by
Rev. E. B. Hayes.
Conference director, E. C. Branson,
Kenan Professor of Rural Social Science;
presiding officer during the week, Rev.
L. B. Hayes, assisted by O. Earle Ka-
rickhoff, professor of Sociology, Salem Col
lege, West A^irginia, Prof. S. G. Rubinow,
assistant to the director of Agricultural
Extension, Raleigh, N. C., and S. H.
Hobbs, Jr., assistant professor of Rural
Social Science, University of North Caro
lina.
Address inquiries to E. C. Branson,
Chapel', Hill, N. C.
A RARE CHANCE
The week before the Social-AVork Con
ference at the University, July 13-20, the
devoted social servants of the state will
have an opportunity to sit at the feet of
Dr. Alexander Johnson, who directs the
Home Service AA'ork of the American Red
Cross in the South. He speaks to tlie
Social-Work Conference on Sunday even
ing the 13 th.
His addresses are a rich experience for
iiLs audiences. A\’e have heard them and
we know what we are saying. His pro-
.gram on June 8-13 is as follows:
1. The State’s Care of her AVeaker
Children.
2. The Economic Value of AVaste
Humanity.
3. The Story of Modern Philanthropy.
4. A Theory of Philanthropies.
5. The Modern Good Samaritan.
6. Community Welfare in Town
Country.
Definite dates and details will be
mounced later.
and
PUBLIC HEALTH COURSES
Full-term credit courses in Social AVork
■will be run throughout the Summer
School session, as follows;
1. Red Cross Home Service: Domestic
Nursiug and Dietetics. Two courses of
15 lessons each, making together one full-
term credit course.
The recent influenza epidemic has
brought the general public to a keen
realization of the necessity for these
courses fu eveVy home. The teachers are
Misses Louise Hazelhurst and Helen
Osborne, from the Red Cross headquarters
in Atlanta.
2. Public Healrti and Sanitation, Red
Cross First Aid, and the Medical Inspect
ion of School Children, making alto
gether one full-term credit course—Dr.
C. S. Mangum, of the North Carolina
University Medical School and the Har
vard Summer School.
If our progressive public health legisla
tion in North Carolina becomes effective,
the teachers of state must be trained to
make it so. .
SOUTH CAROLINA LEADS
The Episcopal Church in South Caro
lina has a Country Church and Country
Life Committee charged witli exploring
the rural and industrial needs of that
state. So far as we know, there is no
other such committee in any Southern
state. Soutli Carolina is leading the way
in a vital matter.
Around three-fourths of the churches
and cfiurch members of the South are in
the countryside, and jet not one of our
great religious denominations has a coun
try life and country church commission
created to maintain country well-being
upon the highest possible levels. AA^e
have home mission boards charged with
church conditions in farm areas, along
with other mission responsibilities. But
the country church in the South is not a
home mission matter; it comes near to
being four-fifths of our whole church
problem.
The churches north and east have their
Country Church Boards and these boards
are going at their country-life problems
hammer-and-tongs—some forty years too
late, we may say, because country-life
decay is a very real menace in that end
of the United States.
Not so in the South, except in certain
areas of the cotton belt and the tidewater
country. Our great religious denomina
tions have a chance to go at our country-
life problems forty years ahead of time.
Our hope is that tliey will seize upon tills
chance heart and soul.
The Diocesan Program
AA"e are indebted to Hon. R. A. Meates,
of Ridgeway, S. C., for the eight-page re
port of the South Carolina Country
Church Committee. It is based on the
replies to a searching questionnaire sent
out to the clergymen of the diocese.
Among others was this significant in
quiry: Should the church in your opinion
bring its influence to bear upon improved
agriculture and domestic methods, upon
better country school facilities; upon the
social ills of farm tenancy and the neces
sity for more home-owning farmers; up
on wholesome recreation, and other like
concerns of a happier and more prosper
ous country life in South Carolina?
The plan proposed by the Country
Church and Country Life Committee in
South Carolina includes among other
ways and means (1) a , diocesah hospital
staffed by volunteer physians and trained
nurses, (2) a corps of volunteer clergy
men specially trained for work in rural
fields, and (3) a similar corps of lay and
and clerical volunteers for mill village
centers.
Any church, in any state, of any name
or faith, that really functions after the
fashion indicated in this repprt would
speedily conquer its territory for the
Kingdom.
Interested readers will do well to write
to Mr. Meares for tins report. The Year-
Book of the Church and Social Service is
also worth the while of forward looking
church workers. It can be had from the
Federal Council of the Churches of Christ
in America, Room 612,105 East 22 Street,
New York.
THE COMMON GOOD
Edward K, Graham
One great lesson, bitterly hard to
learn, but holding the infinite secret
of individual and national freedom
that we seek and the great lesson that
we will learn, is that these streets and
stores, fields and banks, factories,'
schoolhouses, churches, and all the
rest, are but “folds across the face of
God’’ and that the “Thy will” for
which we daily pray will be done here
and now or nowhere; and that bank
ing, agriculture, education, freedom,
and life itself are but instruments for
finding the common, God in the com
mon good and making through our
daily tasks His will prevail.—Educa
tion and Citizenship.
UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
LETTER SERIES NO. 171
NATIONAL DOGMA
lu these days when we are all thinking
of ways and means by which we may do
our part in the Americanization program
we are all looking for a solid foundation
upon which to build the civic structure.
Many of us have been looking for a clear,
concise statement of American doctrine.
Everyone has been asking just what is
the basis of our civic faith. AVhat are
the principles of Americanism? In what
does or should the American citizen be
lieve?
A^arious statements of our political
faith have been made but none seems to
us quite so complete, quite so exact, quite
so resonant with Americanism as the
statement by AVilliam Tyler Page,
print it herewith that others may
it, learn it, enjoy
It as we
AVe
study
have. Our
next letter will tell some interesting facts
about its source and origin.
The American’s Creed
“I believe in the United States of
America as a government of the people,
by the people, for the people; whose just
powers are derived from the consent of
the governed; a democracy in a republic;
a sovereign nation of many sovereign
states; a perfect union one and insep«
arable; established upon those principles
of freedom, equality, justice, and human
ity, for which American patriots sacrificed
their lives and fortunes.
“I therefore believe it is my duty to
my country to love it; to support its
constitution; to obey its laws; to respect
its flag; and to defend it against all
enemies.’ ’
READY FOR DELIVERY
AVe are breaking into this issue at the
last moment to announce the arrival of
Education and Citizenship, a volume of
addresses by Edward Kidder Graham.
The edition is small. The office force
is already busy mailing out copies to
subscribers. Others who want tliis rare
volume can secure it by writing promptly
to Mr. A. M. Coates, Secretary, Chapel.
Hill, N. C. Price $1.50 postpaid. j
Doubtless there will be many others
who want it. It will be a sad calamity
for this University and this State if Gra
ham’s great visions vanish from men’s
minds. He lived in the sunshine of
quickening ideals; where North Carolina
and her University need to dwell abiding
ly. Our wagons need to run along im
proved highways but also they need to
be hitched to stars. It was simple enough
to Edward Kidder Graham and it must
become just as simple to the rest of us.
Hence the value of this volume.
for the full
the County
AVelfare, an
DOES THE STATE WANT IT?
A Public AVelfare Institute at the Uni
versity in Mid-October is under consider
ation.
It is planned for our six hundred new
ly created public welfare officials—the
members of our county welfare boards,
our county welfare superintendents, our
juvenile court judges and probation
officers, their volunteer social allies, and
all other civic-minded citizens of the
state.
Three courses are in contemplation,
two hours in each course each day for two
weeks, one Sunday included, as follows:
1. The Juvenile Court: principles,
procedures, and methods.
2. The Problems of County AA’'elfare
Officers in North Carolina.
3. Social Hygiene: problems and
methods, legal and social.
These courses will be given by the most
eminent specialists in the United States.
They will be chosen with the help of
lion. R. F. Beasley, our state welfare
secretary, and Dr. AV. S. Rankin, our
state health secretary, during the Nation
al Social AA'ork Conference in Atlantic
City the first week in June, and the biU
of ex{)enses exactly determined at that
time for tlie consideration of our Univer
sity authorities.
The cost is roughly estimated at a
figure somewhere between $1,500 and
$2,000. The Public AA’^elfare Institute
will, of course, be open to the public free
of charge.
A Generous Trustee
AVe have said that such an institute is
under consideration. It will be organized
if the people of the state want it; other
wise not.
A devoted trustee of the University
offers $500 toward paying the bill, but he
will not be called upon to cash in his ofl'er
unless there is an unmistakable demand
on part of the public for this service—
especially on part of the county authori
ties.
Our new public welfare officials can
hardly afl'ord to travel long distances
across the state and to spend two weeks
at the University at their own expense
Is there any way in which the home
counties can pay the expenses of their
welfare agents at the proposed institute?
If our readers are interested in this
matter write at once to Dr. H. AV. Chase,
acting-president of tlie University.
Tlie decision will rest largely upon the
show of public interest.
ordinary progress as we have heretofore
been accustomed to measure progress in
North Carolina.
Not only are the schools to be run but
the lawmakers went further and made
wise provision for seeing that the cliildren
attend. The new compulsory law re
quires children from eight to fourteen
years of age to be in school
term.
Also, in the person of
Superintendent of Public
official is provided whose duty it is to see
that the law is carried out and that the
attendance of the children is secured.
As an example of the way the new law is
being received, the ^ct of the officials of
Columbus county may be cited. The
AVhiteville News-Reporter in Columbus
county, says:
The Board of Education and Board of
County Commissioners held a joint meet
ing on May 5th, and together agreed to
employ a County Superintendent of AA^el-
fare, at a salary of $1,500 per year. The
two boards agreed to furnish said County
Superintendent of Public AA'elfare with a
Ford roadster, and to pay all expenses
for the up-keep of said car. The County
Superintendent of Public AVelfare is to
act as probation officer to the juvenile
court. Ill tills capacity he must be in
touch with all the neglected, dependent
or delinquent children, and under tlie
direction of the court, investigate their
surroundings and seek means of protect
ing them in their homes or on probation,
or of getting them into suitable homes or
institutions. He is also to act as chief
school attendance officer of the county,
to whom will be reported by the school
officials ail cliildren in their respective
districts who are not attending school as
provided by law. In all these relations
he is the next friend of the child and
must work always in his behalf. He
must find out why parents are not send
ing their children to school and seek to
remedy the cause.—News and Observer.
COLUMBUS LEADS OFF
The tremendous effect of tlie forward
looking legislation enacted by the last
session of the General Assembly is being
more and more realized. The provision
for a full six-months’ sctiool in every dis
trict in the state and the compulsory at
tendance act spell twenty-five years of
A GREAT STEP FORWARD
The county commissioners and the
county boards of education of all the coun
ties must elect a county superintendent
of public welfare before July 15.
Any reader of this paper can get a free
copy of the Bulletin of the State Board
of Gl^arities and Public AVelfare, Raleigh,
N. C., by asking for it on a postal. This
issue contains a copy of the state-wide
juvenile court law, the compulsory school
attendance law, and the county boards of
welfare and county superintendent of
public welfare law.
The State Board of Charities and Pub
lic Welfare is required to appoint three
persons in each county who shall serve
without pay and act as a county board of
charities and public welfare. It is prob
able that two men and .one woman will
be appointed in each county. The coun
ty board meets with the county superin
tendent of public welfare and advises
with him as to his work of general wel
fare in the county.
The people of this State have de
termined that every boy and girl born
within our borders shall have a fair
chance in life to become a useful man or
woman. To this end they have prepared
for a six months’ school term, with com
pulsory attendance, a juvenile court with
a probation officer in every county, and
a county board of charities and public
welfare to look after social conditions and
find remedies for social evil.
After July first of this year, after the
law goes into effect, every child between
eight and fourteen years of age must at
tend school for the full term of the public
school, which is to be six months here
after. If a child is unable to attend on
account of poverty he may be helped
from the public funds. It will be the
business of the school authorities and the
chief attendance officer of the county to
see that the law is complied with—Ex
change.
RATIOS OF MARRIAGE TO DIVORCE: 1916
Based on the 1919 Census Bureau Bulletin on Marriage and Divorce.
States ranked according to the ratios of marriage to divorce, beginning as usual
with the number that indicates the best showing. South Carolina is omitted be
cause since 1878 no divorces have been legally granted in that state.
In the country-^t-large one marriage in every 9 winds up in a divorce court;
but in the District of Columbia only one marriage in every 91 ends in divorce and
in Nortli Carolina only one in every 32; which is the best showing made by any
state. South Carolina excepted.
Tiie ratio numbers mean 91 marriages to 1 divorce, 32 marriages to 1 divorce,
and so on.
Rank States
Ratios
Rank States
Ratios
1
District of Columbia
91
22
New Mexico .■...
2
North Carolina
32
26
Colorado
8
3
New A^ork
30
26
Kentucky
8
4
New Jersey
26
26
Illinois
8
5
Georgia
23
26
Nebraska
8
6
Maryland
20
26
Utah
8
7
AVest Virginia.
18
26
Michigan
8
8
Connecticut
16
32
Ohio
7
9
Massachusetts
15
32
Iowa
7
9
Pennsylvania
15
32
Kansas
7
U
Louisiana
14
32
Arkansas
7
12
Atermont.*!
13
36
New Hampshire
6
12
Mississippi
13
36
Missouri
14
Minnesota
12
36
Arizona
15
A'irginia
11
36
Texas
15
Alabama
11
36
Indiana
17
North Dakota
10
36
AVyoming
17
AAhsconsin ■....
10
42
Oklahoma
17
Delaware
10'42
Montana
17
Florida
10
i42
California
17
Tennessee
10‘42
Idaho
22
South Dakota
9'46
AVashington
22
Maine
9'47
Oregon
22
Rhode Island
48
Nevada
if