The news in this publica
tion is released (or the press on
leceipt.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolma
(or its Bureau of Extension.
AUGUST 13,1919
CHAPEL HHJU N. C.
VOL. V, NO. 38
SdUorUi Board i B. C. Branson, J. G. deB. Hamilton, L. B. Wilson, D, D OarroU G. M. MoKie
^ L
Entered as second-class matter November 1,4,1914, at the Postoffloe at Chapel Hill, N, C., under the act of August 24,1919.
SCHOOL FORUMS IN CAROLINA
THE COMMUNITY FORUM
The Federal Bureau of Education, says
/Dr. Henry E. Jackson, is seeking to es-
itablish a community forum in every
•school house in the land.
He elaborates his idea of what the
forum is to be as follows:
The first principle to note is that a
'.forum is organized on the basis not of
agreement but of difference. We meet
'for discussion not because we agree but
ibecause we differ, ft would be a stupid
and monotonous world if we all thought
alike, just as it would be if our faces,
forms, and pursuits were all strictly uni
form.
The aim of the forum is not to secure
uniformity but unity.
When citizens meet for discussion they
do not promise to agree with one another
but to make an honest attempt to under
stand one another. It is a parliament of
the people for mutual understanding.
The aim of the community forum is to
discover, organize, and thereby make
eflfecti%’e the common opinion.
There are only two ways to govern a
•community, said Lord Macaulay: One is
by the sword, the other is by public
opinion.
Public opinion is made effective for
control by discussion. We need have no
particular desire that other men agree ,
with anything we say, but we ought most 1
earnestly to desire that they should begin
to think. Honest thinking is the straight
road to the truth.—Henry E. Jackson, in
The League of Nations.
his answer will probe to the quick of
people—teachers and mill owners—who
have hearts to feel with and heads to
think with.
Someday somebody in the South will
vocationalize education in a cotton mill
village witli the genius that Wirt put into
the schools of Gary, Indiana; and also
will flU it to the full with final advan
tages and values.
It has never yet been done. Who will
do it?
A Half-Time Mill School, bulletin No
6, 1919 of tlie Federal Bureau of Educa
tion, provokes the above item. It can
be had free of charge by writing to the
U. S. Commissioner of Education, Wash
ington, D. C.
THEIR CAUSE IS BAD
In the I^eague of Nations the council of
statesmen at Paris has sought unselfislily
and with the noblest aspirations to pro
mote the highest good of all nations,
to
BURKE MOVES UP
The bank-account savings of Burke
■County according to the last published
statements in 1918 were |248,780; which
■uverages $10 per inhabitant and gives the
county a rank of 61st, instead of 80th as
publislied in the University News Letter
July 16th. The savings deposits and
time certificates of the Bank of Morgan-
ton were $35,186 and the time certificates
of the First National Bank of Morgantoii
•on December 31, 1918 were $213,594.
On June 30, 1919 the total of bank-
account savings in Burke had risen to
$516,226. In other words, it more than
•doubled in six months or so. If the other
banks in the state have done as well,
then our total bank-account savings in
North Carolina are now around 122 mil
lion dollars.
The savings of tlie National Bank in
Burke were overlooked by our students
for some unaccountable reason. When
included in our War Thrift table of the
July 9 issue, Burke rises from 67tli place
to 53rd, witli a total of war securities and
bank-account savings of $1,171,312, or
$47 per inhabitant.
Burke’s total of war securities and
bank-account savings in 1918 was $140,-
000 beyond that of Caldwell; while her
rank in per capita thrift was 25 places
below that of McDowell.
make them dwell together on earth m
friendship, not in enmity. War is sense
less and ugly and hateful. More than at
any other time in history tlie mass of
mankind abhors its savagery, its cruelty,
its awful destructiveness.
The peoples of the world have had
their fill of the horrors of the battlefield,
they are sick of slaughter, and with sure
insight they demand that the curse of
war be attacked and destroyed in its
source, the secret councils, like that of
Potsdam, where dynastic and selfish na
tional interests prepare the decrees that
send millions forth to take the lives of
their brothers.
The Covenant abounds in provision
designed to prevent war by removing the
occasions and opportunities for war, by
putting hidden intrigues and plottings
under the ban, by providing open and
honorable ways of adjustment for differ
ences between nations, by making the
resort to arms odious and subject to
penalties. If that is not work in “the
united service of mankind,” will the
gentlemen who denounce it as a “Biitish
Wilson” plot be good enough to tell us
in what way enlightened statesmanship
can serve mankind?
Tliose who now profess liostility to tlie
League Covenant cannot hold their po
sition against the judgment and the will
of pretty much the whole world except
themselves. Tlieir cause is bad. They
hopelessly confront millions of mankind
in a forward movement. Tliey make
tliemselves the champions of outworn
and evil conditions. The world already
j regards tliem with astonishment. It is
more immediately to the point that tlie
people of the United States are observing
their proceedings with ‘close attention.
—New York Times.
TEACHER-STANDARDS
I asked a teacher what he was teacliing
the children in his mill school.
And tlie teacher answered; Beading,
writing, arithmetic and so on; the regular
things you teach in any school anywhere,
-geography, grammar, history and so
forth. Of course we have busy-work ex-
ercis^pdrawing, picture stories, paper
cutting and the like to keep the children
out of mischief between lesson times. All
■ of whicli are very necessary, I said.
Then I asked a cotton mill operative
what in his opinion the -mill villagers
.needed to learn in a school.
Community-Needs
And the mill villager answered; We’d
aike to learn how to make the most of our
Jives, liow to spend tlie money we earn,
how to make ourselves and our homes
attractive, how to care for our babies,
how to keep our homes free from disease,
how to work mill arithmetic, how the
mill machines run and how to repair
them, how to climb on up in skill and
-wages, how to have homes of our. own
•with gardens, cows, pigs and poultry,
and how to spend our spare time with
profit.
Which was his way of phrasing the
meeds of life in a cotton mill village. And
A HUNDRED YEARS LATE
Tlie debate in the Senate over the
Treaty of Peace and the Covenant of
Nations discloses tlie fact that certain
senators are violently opposed to dping
at this time what the United States has
been doing for a liundred years or so
under its treaty-makjng power.
Thus, in the Rush-Bagot treaty in 1817,
la the Webster-Ashburton treaty in 1842,
in the treaty with Colombia in 1846, in
the Bulwer-CIayton treaty in 1850, in the
treaty with Honduras in 1864, in the
treaties with Great Britain and Germany
in 1889, in the Panama treaties of 1901
and ’03, and in the Bryan treaties with
twenty countries during the present ad
ministration, we have been doing the
very things that the learned senators are
now saying that we ought not to do, to
wit:
Under the treaty-making power we
have made covenants for the reduction of
armaments, the maintenance of armed
forces in foreign territory, the fixing of
boundaries, the maintenance of neutral
ity of territory belonging to other nations,
the guarantee of the independence of
other nations, the compulsory arbitration
of disputed matters, with the postpone
ment of war during that process, the par
ticipation by this country with other
countries in the affairs and government
of backward nations, a restriction upon
the right to erect fortifications for tlie
protection of property in which this
country is interested and with reference
OUR SOLE SAFEGUARD
Thomas Huxley
Truly America has a great future
before lier—great in toil, in care, and
in responsibility, great in true glory
if she be guided in wisdom and right
eousness, great in shame if she fail.
I can not understand why other na
tions sliould envy you or be blind to
the fact that it is for the highesl in
terest of mankind tliat you should
succeed; but the one condition of suc
cess, your sole safeguard, is the moral
and intellectual clearness of the in
dividual citizen.—Address in 1876.
to which it assumes a responsibility, and
an appropriation of money in order to
make all such covenants effective.—The
Covenanter.
BREAKING IN TWO
Nowhere in the world except in rare
spots does the farmer enjoy the same
educational facilities for his children as
does the urban citizen, even the most
common laborer, who pays little or no
taxes.
It is manifest that this condition can
not continue. Either the country as a
whole will provide, regardless of expense,
the same educational advantages for the
children of the farm as well as for those
of the city, or we cannot maintain our
average citizenry upon the land.
If the actual resident upon the land is
inferior, then we shall one day break in
two politically as Russia has broken. In
any event, our lands will not be well
managed and the future will be insecure.
—E. Davenport, dean Illinois College of
Agriculture.
THE LEAGUE DOES NOT
It does not commit member-nations to
obligations they cannot get rid of. It
does not place the United States in a po
sition where it can be coerced by the votes
of other nations, either in the council or
in the assembly. It does not involve tlie
calling out of American troops to settle
local squabbles. It does not place peace
above justice; but agrees to restrain and
prevent aggression. It does not obstruct
union or division of existing nations; nor
nullify the authority of Congress to declare
war; nor weaken the Monroe Doctrine,
but extends its principles; nor interfere
in any nation’s domestic affairs, and it
does not exceed the treaty power under
the Constitution.—Edward Berwick.
SECRETARY DANIELS SAYS
If a League of Nations plan succeeds,
COLLEGE RED CROSS WORK
The question of Home Service institutes
has become of special importance since
the Red Cross has decided that Home
Service sections may, under certain cir
cumstances, widen their clientele to in
clude any civilian family which stands in
need of sucli service. During the war
the course liad, of necessity, to be brief.
Soldiers’ and sailors’ families had to be
served, and there was a dearth of train
ed workers. For the quick training of
new workers the institutes were organized
and for the same reason are now being
temporarily continued.
These facts have not undermined tlie
tlieories of the Red Cross as to what con
stitutes good training for carrying out a
peace-time program. The general edu
cational program of Home Service—insti-
stutes, chapter courses, conferences, field
visits—has succeeded beyond the hopes
of the most optimistic, but it has not
satisfied tlie Red Cross with a six weeks’
training for social workers. The train-
we must end our naval construction. If j iug policy is now undergoing its readjust
tlie
it does not, we must build a navy
equal in size of any in the world.”
Witli these words Secretary Daniels
emphasizes one of the perils we must face
if the Senate refuses to ratify the Paris
Covenant—the peril of another race for
armament. Enormous expenditures for
warships, airplanes, and ammunitions
will begin immediately if the League plan
fails.
Secretary Daniels, however, demon
strates his faith in the success of tlie
Covenant by recommending the abandon
ment of his proposed tliree-year naval
building program, the execution of which
would have cost six hundred million
dollars.
Thus we are able already to express
some of the benefits we will derive from
tlie league in figures. The first great
saving for the United States, according
to the Secretary of tlie Navy, will be
more than half a billion dollars. Actually
t will be more than this because once
tlie great powers of the world re-enter
tlie race for armament, there is no telling
where they will end. Tlie difference will
be that, whereas before the war the United
States made no effort to compete with
Europe, now we should have to main
tain an army and navy equal to the
greatest.
HOBBLED BY COTTON
Cotton fastened slavery on the South,
and slavery a false economic policy.
I have often said that if the South had
never raised a bale of cotton it would be
infinitely richer today than it is. With
out cotton the South would be the center
of the food-producing power of America.
Without cotton the South would long ago
have become the industrial center of
America, for its resources in minerals
and in water-power and in climatic ad
vantages give it preeminent potentialities
unmatched in the world.
Nevertheless, we are now largely tied
to the cotton industry, and it is the su
preme duty of the South to make the
most of its opportunity and to win from
cotton production a prosperity matching
that wliich the West has gained from
grain production.
For years diversified agriculture was
well-nigh destroyed. Tlie South kept its
corn crib and meat house in the West.
Almost every dollar secured for its crop
was in advance mortgaged for the bacon
and the corn and the flour of the West.
—Richard H. Edmonds in Manufacturers
Record.
ment. From the, beginning the Red
Cross has looked upon this work as a co
operative enterprise in which appropriate
educational institutions were persuaded
to lielp prepare people to do home ser
vice. Schools for social work lent their
aid, even at a considerable sacrifice some
times to their regular work.
College Home Service
Many colleges and universities gave the
use of their plants and some of the time
of the members of their sociology facul
ties. The Red Cross supplemented the
teacliing, procured field-work oppoi^tun-
in whicli tlie social agencies assist-
ities-
ed willingly—carried the overhead ex
pense, and recruited the students. It is
now expected to develop this cooperation
with educational institutions and in time
to get it taken over entirely by them
Tlie six schools for social work will
naturally be the first institutions asked
to assume responsibility. Next come the
state universities ami state agricultural
colleges, whicli are tlie natural resources
for training rural -workers, for whom
there is now great demand. It is thought
that the experimental work necessary for
the development of laboratories of rural
sociology in these schools is a proper
responsibility for the Bed Cross and
should be its contribution in the cooper
ative arrangement. It is expected to
loan competent members of the Red
Cross personnel to assist in the teach
ing and to surpervise the field work
training. Cooperative agreements of tliis
nature have already been made with the
following universities: Cornell, Berea
College, Western Reserve, Tulane, Em
ory, the University of Cincinnati, and
the state universities of Alabama, Min
nesota, Kentucky, Ohio, Wisconsin,
Louisiana, Kansas, Colorado, Oregon,
Washington, Idaho and Utah.
Already the training courses are being
lengthened. Plans are now under way
to have the minimum course cover twelve
weeks, with additional advanced courses
covering a period of one year or more.
The workers who have had only the short
courses will, in peace-time, be rated ac
cordingly. The war emergency past,
higher professional standards will be set
up and Home Service workers will be re-
■quired to meet them.—Tlie Survey.
NON SIBI SED ALUS
For themselves nothing, for others every
thing—in His name and for His sake.
That has always been the core of the re
ligion of the Salvation Army. That was
its battle cry in the war zone. And the
crisis of war has at last forced this kind
of religion upon the attention of man
kind.
Humanity witli God left out is a futile
sort of religion, as Frederick Harrison
proved beyond debate. It is little more
indeed than a plan of salvation by soap
and soup and social salves.
On the other hand, God with humanity
left out, or left incidental and accidental,
is also a futile sort of religion, as John
fully realized when he said, If a man will
not love his brother whom he hath seen,
how can he love God whom he hath not
seen?
The Salvation Army creed is a working •
creed and a complete theology, but the
world is realizing it slowly. We are still
fiercely and foolishly contending for many
things that are really unessential, the
final values of life and destiny considered.
Or so it seems to the average man.
And when this war came, ” says
Evangeline Booth, Commander-in-Chief
of the Salvation Army in America, “it
was natural for us to look to the man—
the man under the shabby clothes, en
listing in the great armies of freedom;
the man going down the street in the spick
and span uniform; the man behind the
gun, standing in the jaws of death hurl
ing back world autocracy; the man, the
son of liberty, discharging his obligations
to them that are bound; the man, each
one of them, although so young, who
when the fate of the world swung in the
balances proved to be the man of
the hour; the man, each one of
them, fighting not only for today but for
to-morrow, and deciding the world’s fu
ture ; the man who gladly died that free
dom might not be dead; the man dear to
a hundred million throbbing hearts; the
man God loved so much that to save him
He gave His only Son to the unparalleled
sacrifice of Calvary, witli its measureless
ocean of torment heaving up against His
heart in one foaming, wrathful, omnipo
tent surge.
Our Passion is Man
IVherein is price? What constitutes
cost, when the question is the man?
‘ ‘It is for man we have laid our lives
upon the altar. It is for man we have
entered into a contract with our God
which signs away our claim to any and
all selflsli ends. It is for man we have
sworn to our own hurt, and—my God
thou knowest—when the hurt came, hard
and hot and fast, it was for man we held
tenaciously to the bargain.
“Man! Sometimes I think God has
given us special eyesight with which to
look upon him. We look through the
exterior, look through the shell, look
through the coat, and find the man. We
look through the ofttimes repulsive wrap
pings. through the dark, objectionable
coating collected upon the downward
travel of mis-spent years, through the ar
tificial veneer of empty seeming, through
to the man.
“He that was made after God’s own
image.
He tliat is greater than firmaments,
greater than suns, greater than worlds.
“Man, for whom worlds were created,
for whom the Heavens were canopied,
for whom suns were set ablaze. He in
whose being there gleams that immortal
spark we call the soul.
“When the Empress of Ireland went
down -with a hundred and thirty Salva
tion Army officers on board, one hun
dred and nine ofiicers were drowned, and
not one body that was picked up had on
a life-belt. The few survivors told how
the Salvationists, finding there were not
enough life-preservers for all, took off
their own belts and strapped them upon
even strong men, saying, I can die better
than you can; and from the deck of that
sinking boat they flung their battle-cry
around the world—Others!
“My father, in a private audience with
the late King Edward saidi: Your Majes
ty, some men’s passion is gold; some
men s passion is art; some men’s passion
is fame; our passion is man!”—Evange
line Booth, Commander-in-chief of the
Salvation Army in America.
In Emerson’s phrase, These words are
alive and'vascular; cut them and they
will bleed.
They are quoted from The War Ro
mance of the Salvation Army, J, B. Lip-
pincott Go., Philadelphia. It is a fasci
nating and quickening story.