The fiew* in this publica
tion is released lot the press on
receipt.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
November 19, i9i9
CHAPEL HELL, N. G.
VOL. VI, NO. 2
®iiterial Board i H3« C. Branson, L. R. Wilson, E. W. Knight, D. D Carrol],
J. B. Bullitt.
Eutered as second-class matter November 14, 1914, at the Postoffloe at Chapel HIU, N, C., under the act of Angnst 24,1913.
home and farm ownership
Keading references on Home and Farm
Ownership for the North Carolina Club
committee appointed to report to the Club
a tentative State Reconstruction Program
in this field on Jan. 12, and a matured
program on May-31. All the books, bul
letins, clippings, etc., are in the seminar
■room of tlie University rural social science
department.
1. Tlie Facts and their Significance.
Our Landless, Homeless Multitudes,
t'lwn and country, (1) in the United
|II.Sta’tes in 1910.—University News l^etter,
Vol.HI, No. 39; (2) in North Carolina
\)y counties, in 1910.—Idem, \ ol. Ill, No.
^ 36; (3) inNorth Carolina Cities in 1910.*—
5 Idem, Vol. I, No. 46, and Vol. HI, No.
i; 30, by E. C. Branson, University of North
;i; Carolina.
f Twin-Born Social Ills: Tenancy and
Illiteracy, by E. C. Branson, in Mss.—
University Rural Social Science files.
The Way Out, by K. C. Branson, ex
tract from War Time Strikes. Universi
ty News letter, Vol. V, No. 43.
Farm Tenure in the .South, by John Lee
' Coulter.—A Census Bureau Press item,
^ May 1912.
Stability of Farm Operators in 1910, by
|l John Lee Coulter. — A Census Bureau
1 bulletin.
' Increase of Farm Tenancy since 1880,
and its Significance, by W. J. Ghent, in
I ChapterIV, pp. 47-57 of BenevoleiU Ft-ud-
X alism.—Macmillan Co., N, Y.
Farm Tenancy in North Carolina, by
FL C. Branson, in Community Service
Week in North Ca'-olina.—State Depart-
.ment of Education.
Our Twenty-two Million Wilderness
Acres, Elbow Room for Home-Seekers in
North Carolina, Room in North Carolina
Electric Light and Power from Small
Streams, A. M. Daniels, Division Rural
Engineerins, Bureau of Public Roads.—
Yearbook of the U. S. Agricultural De
partment 1918.
Practical Talks on Farm Engineering,
R. P. Clarkson, ^1.20 net.—Doubleday,
Page and Co., N. Y.
Farm houses, barns, and other farm
structures; plans, bills of material, etc.
for free distribution.—University Rural
Social Science files, No. 630.191.
3. Remedies, the Progressive Land Tax,
etc.
Reducing Tenancy, Atlanta Constitu
tion, Jan. 1912.—University Rural Social
Science files. No. 630.131.
Tenants Becoming Landowners in John-
ston County, Smithfleld Herald.—Idem,
No. 630.131.
Lloyd George’s War on the English
Land System, a press item.—Idem, No.
630.131.
A Home-Owning Drive, the Hickory
Record.—University Rural Social Science
files, No. 630.191.
Helping the Helpless, Winston-Salem
Journal.—Idem, No. 630.131.
Methods of Renting Farms in Wiscon
sin, by H. C. Taylor, bulletin 198, July
1910.—Agricultural Experiment Station,
University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Progressive Farmer, Renters’ and I.and-
lords’ Special annual numbers.
The Illinois Farm Tenancy Commission,
The Ranker-Farmer. —University Rural
Social Science files, No. 630.131.
, The Plan of Moses, II. J. Walters in
■ the Kansas Industrialist.—Idem, No. 630.
1131.
I Land and the Leasing System, by
1 Henry Wallace. —The Banker-Farmer,
i Champaign, 111., May 1919.
A DAY IN THY COURTS
The Publicity Committee of the
North Carolina Orphans’ Association
is asking that on Thanksgiving Day
(1) the prince of business give to the
orphans out of his abundance the ac
tual or estimated income of a day, (2)
the landlord and money-lender, one
day’s rent on his houses and lands, or
one day’s interest on his money, (3)
the professional man, one day’s earn
ings, specifying the day, or taking the
average day, (4) the salaried worker,
his or lier salary for a day, (5) the
laborers, with only pick-up jobs, some
special day’s wage, (6) the good
housewife, with her ingenuity and de
votion, the household expenses of a
day, (7) the boys and girls, with no
regular income, the product of a day’s
work after school hours or on some
Saturday, and that (8) everybody, old
and young, rich and poor, learned and
unlearned, join heartily in this holy
movement to visit the fatherless in
their affliction.
A day in Thy courts is better than a
thousand.
But it cannot be a day of mere lip-
service .
was just the building for such a gathering
in any sdit of weather and friends met
friends in the great hall and enjoyed re
newing old acquaintances, while the
music, athletic stunts, and other attrac
tions added to the pleasure of the occa
sion.
The exhibits of farm, garden, kitchen,
dairy, flowers, and orchard products to
gether with the domestic science and
home economics, Red Cross exhibits and
the poultry show all showed what splen
did results may be obtained w'hen we try.
The war relics were many in number and
exceedingly interesting to the crowds that
were ever looking at them. Mr. Mc-
Wliorter’s bees were the objects of groat
interest and a revelation of untliought of
])ossibilities for bee cultui'e in this section.
We are sure that this exhibit will cause
many of our people to venture into the
bee industry. An interesting exhibit of
old time carpenter’s tools attracted the
attention of many visitors who read with
surprise a statement on a card tied to a
saw to the effect: ‘‘This saw has been
used steadily for thirty-five years by John
R. Temple, tiie University carpenter.”
Free moving pictures from the State
Department of Education were shown
during tlie day at the Pickwick theater
and visited by old and young.
The Sunday Schools failed to compete
this year but will be on hand next year.
Mann’s Chapel was represented by a
choir that treated the crowd to some fine
singing. Rally Day for this year has
been one of greatest pleasure and all had
a good time.—Chapel Hill News.
* , _ ^ I My Neighbor’s Landmark, by Freder-
for New Farm Familie?.—North Carolina Verinder. 142 pp.—Andrew Melrose,
Club AYar-Book, 1915-16, pp. 56, 66, and
69.
Our Wilderness Areas.—Lhiiversity
: News Letter, Vol. I, No. 37, and Vol. II,
No. 14.
Home-Seekers Flock Southward.—Uni
versity News Letter, Vol. II, No. 17.
Homes for the Homeless.—University
News Letter, \'ol. HI, No. 12.
A Two-Sided Difficulty. — University
News Letter, Vol. H, No. 23.
The Problem of Tenancy, by R. F.
Beasley.—A press item. University Rural
Social Science files. No. 630.131.
The Renter and Cotton, by Airs. G. H.
Mathis, in the Banker-Farmer.—Univer
sity Rural Social Science files. No. 630.191.
Tlie Agricuhur.il Higliwayman, by II.
F. Kohr, in The Techircal World Alaga-
y.ine, July 1911.
What the Tenant Farmer is Doing in
the Sontb, by Carl Crow. — Pearson’s
Magazine, June 1911.
Tlie System Wrong, the Roanoke-Ciio-
wan Times. — University Rural Social
Science files. No. 630.131.
2. Homo Comforts and Conveniences.
Lort--Cost Water Works, reprint from
The Country Gentleman, July 11, 1914.
President Joe Cook, Hattiesburg, Aliss.
Water Supply, Plumbing, and Sewage
Disposal fur Country Homes.—U. 8. Agri
cultural Department Bulletin No. 57.
Water Systems for F.iim Homes, by
George M. Warren. —Karmens’ Bulletin
No. 941, U. S. Department of Avriculture.
Farm Sanitation Number, by Dr. Her
mann Jl. Biggs, New York State Health
News, Albany, N. Y.
Sanitation in the South, Extension
Iwjaflet, Vol. If, No. 9.—University of
North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C.
Clean Water and How to Get it on the
F'arm, by Robert W. Trullinger.—Reprint
from tlie 1914 Yearbook of the Federal
Department of AgricuUure.
The Hickerson Steel Overshot Water
AVheel and Pump for Rural Homes.—
I’rof. T. F. Hickerson, University of N.
C., Chapel Hill, N. C.
Hygiene of Rural Homes, Circular No.
100.—State Board of Health, Augusta,
Maine.
The Healthful Farm House, by Helen
Dodd. 69 pp. — Whitcomb Barrows,
Boston.
Rural Methods of Waste Disposal, by
, Henry D. Evans.-Bulletin 11, 1-2, State
, Department of Heilth, Augusta, Alaine.
>0 Modern Conveniences for RuralHomes,
byFlmiuaT. Wilson.—Farmers’Bulletin
f- No. 270, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
^ The Sanitary Privy, N. C. State Pub
lic Health Bulletin, July 1919.—State
Health Board, Raleigh, N. C.
Rural Sanitation, Public Health Bul-
lelin No. 94.—U. S. Public Health Ser«
Tice, Washington, D. 0.
London.
The ABC of the Land Question, by J.
Dundas White. 42 pp.—Publicity Bureau
Joseph Eels Fund, Cincinnati.
Privilege and Democracy in America,
by Frederick C. Howe. 315 pp.—Charles
Scribner’s Sons, N. A’.
Taxation of Land A'alues, by A’etta
Scheftel. 4S9 pp.—Houghton Mifl'lin Co.,
Boston.
The Land System of New Zealand
Official A'ear Book, Advance Sheets, Part
III, Wellington, N. Z.
Newest England (New Zealand), by
Henry Demorest Lloyd. 387pp.—Double
day, PJge and Co., N. A'.
time worker for the county, the county
pays the other half of the expense. The
worker organizes and directs the commun
ity schools in cooperation with the county
school authorities and the teachers in the
county whose interest in the work is en
listed.
Tlie plan calls for a survey of the com
munity and for the establishment of
schools according to community needs.
The rules of the State Board of Educa
tion relative to paying for the work are
included in the pamphlet, which may be
had by addressing Miss Elizabeth Kelly,
State Department of Education, Raleigh,
N. C.—F. AV. K.
AN ATTACK ON ILLITERACY
The Ilian for conducting community
schools for adults, outlined by Aliss Eliz
abeth Kelly, State Director of that work,
is given in a little pamphlet called “How
to Organize and Conduct Community
Scliools for Adults. ’ ’ It is a very sugges
tive and interesting explanation of the
reason for this creditable undertaking
and the method of attacking the question
of adult illiteracy which has been before
the people of this and other sections of
the country with increasing emphasis for
several years.
The primary purpose of a community
school is to proviiii- i lenu-mary inst ruc
tion lor those more liiari lourteen years
ol age wlio for various rea.son,s are anabie
to read, write, and use figures intelligent
ly and safely. Another purpose is to pro
vide instruction-for any people in the
community above fourteen years of age
wlio have for any reason been unable to
complete the subjects usually taught iu
the primary and elementary grades. The
first group mentioned above is defined as
illiterate and state fumls for teaching
adult illiterates are available under cer
tain prescribed rules for teaching anyone
who comes within this group. The second
group mentioned is not considered illiter
ate and no funds for teaching adult illit
erates are available for use in teaching
those who come within this class. It has
been considered desirable, however, to
reach through the commnnity school
those who come within the second class
both for the purpose of helping them and
for the purpose of reaching more easily
any adult illiterates in the community.
The plan which Aliss Kelly has worked
out should enlist the sympathy and coop
eration of all good people in the slate. If
Uie plan which has been suggested is fol
lowed adult illiteracy in North Carolina
should within a reasonable time be en
tirely eliminated.
The state pays one-half of the expense
incurred in the employment of a whole-
DO YOU WISH TO STUDY?
The Bureau of Extension announces
tliat it has entirely revised its plan of
Correspondence Study Courses and is now
developing a division to be known as the
Home Study Division. Through it courses
of elementary school, high school, ari l
college grade are offered, thus making it
possible for any resident of the state to
receive in.struction in the 3 R’s as well as
in the cla.ssics, higher mathematics, and
the subjects in between.
Spirit of the WorK
All the resources of the University and
particularly of the School of Education
and Bureau of Extension are thus placed
at the disposal of the folks in the state.
The limit of the assistance rendered in
this way will be set by the requests and
demands made by the people and
by the physical ability of the
University authorities to furnish such as
sistance. The limits of the work are the
limits of physical endurance and supply
rather than the limits of the spirit.
A Big Chance
Through this work the young jreople of
the state who have felt the urge of the
business world and have left school before
being prepared to take up the problems
of commercial life have a chance now to
use their spare time under direction and
to increase their ability and their earning
power.
Teachers and school men are offered a
big chance to do the very best kind of
professional study by relating their study
in tlieory to the every day problems of
the schoolroom while the schools are in
session.
The studious minded all over the state
are here offered a chance to have the Un
iversity brought to their very doors. A
postal card addressed to L. A. AVilliams,
Director, Home Study Division, Chapel
Hill, N. C., will put you in touch with
I he work.
RALLY DAY ON THE HILL
The clerk of the weather handed Chap
el Hill an ideal day last Friday and hun
dreds of our people for miles around
came to enjoy our annual meeting on the
University campus.
Memorial Hall again showed that it
THE SCHOOL OF COMMERCE
! The School of Commerce is an expres
sion of the University’s desire to serve
the business life of the state. Business is
becoming a profession. The forces and
influences operating in this field are far-
reaching and baffling in their complexity.
To master them reiuires both broad and
intensive training. Definite preparation
I to function successfully in the organiza
tion and administration of business enter
prise is the purpose of the School, which
is coordinate in standing and equipment
with the College of Liberal Arts and the
School of Applied Science.
The course of study covers four years
and is designed to give a general ground
ing in the tundamentals of business and,
at the same time, supply a definite and
practical tfaininu: to those who intend to
engage in any of the great lines of indus
trial and commercial activity.
Admission Requirements
Unconditional entrance to the School
of Commerce is the same as for the Col
lege of Liberal Arts, winch requires fifteen
units. (See abridged catalogue Alay 1919,
page 61) Students twenty-one years of
age and over who cannot fulfill the en
trance requirements may be admitted as
special students, but not as candidates
for a degree.
Degree
The degree of Bachelor of Science in
Commerce will be conferred upon those
who satisfy the entrance requirements
and complete the four-year course as out
lined. It is the purpose to make this de
gree stand for breadth and refinement as
well as training in the fundamental prin
ciples and practices of modern industry
and commerce.
Course of Study
The Freshman year will include thor
ough grounding in English, Alathematics,
History, Modern I,anguage and the phys-
cal basis of industry and commerce (Com
mercial Geography). In the Sophomore
year, the student will complete the gen
eral principles of economics, and a course
in the organization and operation of gov
ernment and its relation to industry.
Combined with these will be courses in
Industrial History, Alodern Languages,
and English and American I4terature.
Specialization in applied economics will
begin in the junior year with a study
of Accounting, Business Organization,
Alouey and Banking. Ac tins point every
student will be required to broaden his
interest and increase the accuracy of
his observation by pursuing a course in
one of tlie physical sciences. The re
maining time will be devoted to elective
subjects chosen from a number of siiecial
courses in economics, commercial lan
guage, and related subjects.
In the Senior year, the student, in con
sultation with the Dean of the School,
will build around his Commercial Law,
Theories of Economic Reform, and Psy
chology, a group of special courses de
signed to eejuip him wfth practical prep
aration in the field of his special interest.
Lectures
A part of the training will consist of
attendance upon lectures given by repre
sentative business men of the state and
the South. These will be supplemented
by government officials who are dealing
with industrial problems. For this year,
representatives of the Tariff Commission,
Federal Trade Commission, Census Bu
reau, and Bureau of Foreign and Domes
tic Commerce have consented to come.
These lectures will acquaint the students
with the practical problems of current
business, and enable the business men to
come in touch with young people in
training who may be utilized later in
making their organizations more efficient.
Apprenticeships
During the summer between the Junior
and Senior years, each student will be
expected to spend his time working in an
establishment in the line of business for
whicli he is preparing. This may begin
in the summer following the Sophomore
year, as is the case now with the students
who go to the National City Bank of New
York. The University itself, in its busi
ness aspects, will be used as a working
laboratory, particularly the offices of the
Treasurer and Business Alanager. AVher-
ever possible, each student before grad
uation will be required to make a careful
analysis of a going-concern in the field of
his practical interest. “
Opening
The courses of the School of Commerce
began with the opening of the Fall Quar
ter on October 1st, 1919. For further
particulars respecting the work of the
School, address the Dean of the.School of
Commerce, Chapel Hill, N. C.
CONQUERING MALARIA
A certain man went into his field and
digged him a ditch. And the rains came
and flooded not his fields. His land yield
ed forth a hundredfold increase and it
was well with him and his house. And a
certain other man heeded not the wisdom
of his neighbor, neither drained he his
fields. And the rains came and the corn
rotted in the fields and swarms of sting
ing gnats rose from the standing pools,
bringing chills and a burning fever.
Alalaria from lack of drainage depopu
lated the once rich and populous Cam-
pagna, and for many centuries it was a
death-dealing waste. During the last
decade the Italian government has re
claimed much of the land and made it
again fertila and habitable. Anti-mos
quito me.isures were begun in the Island
of Cyprus iii 1913, and as a result malaria
cases have fallen from 10,035 cases in 1912
to 2,414 cases in 1918.
Although malaria has an extremely
low death rate it probably causes more
disability and more direct financial loss
in our southern states than any one dis
ease. AVe have well over a million cases
each year with an average loss of more ■
chan two weeks from work. At mere
day-wages this means an^ecouomic drain
of nearly §20,000,000. To this must be
added the cost of medicine, nursing, and
doctors’ bills. At §2.00 per visit, and
with the conservative] estimate of three
visits per case, the physicians’ fees alone
amount to more than §6,000,000.
Yet few diseases can be more effectual
ly or more economically prevented. Six
years ago about 70 per cent]of the factory
hands in Roanoke Rapids, N. C., suft'ered
from chills. In 1914 the mill owners
undertook anti-malarial measures. At
an expense of 80 cents per capita for the
population of 4000 the malarial rate was
cut 50 per cent in the first year. In suc
ceeding years the cost of maintaining this
control has been less than one-third of
the original outlay while the increase in
factory efficiency during the summer
months is stated by the factory owners to
approach 90 per cent. One manager writes;
This is the best investment I have ever
made. It has yielded my mill not less than
600 per cent, even if we do not count the
benefit of' contentment among the em
ployees.
An equally brilliant example of finan
cial returns from sanitation is shown in
tlie Rockefeller Board’s mosquito con
trol-work in Arkansas. In one town of
2000 population the physicians’ calls on
malarial cases were reduced in two years
from2500 to 200—a ;saving]'of $5,000 in
this item alone—and alljthis^on an outlay
of §2,000. Four other neighboring towns
gave similar results.
The field is open for other investors in
this field of frenzied finance!—J.B.Bi