The news in this publica
tion is released for the press on
receipt.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
:nov£mber
•26, 1919
CHAPEL HELL, N. C. VOL. VI, NO. 3
Cdilorial Board i
E.-C. Brandon, L, B. W.lson, E. W. Knight, D. D. Carroll, .J. B. Bullitt.
Entered as secoiid«class matter November 14, 1914, at the Postoffl.ee at O.iapel Bill, N* C., under the act of August 34,1913
A CHALLENGE TO CHRISTIANITY
iKACE RELATIONSHIPS
A bibliography of selected books,
! bulletins, anil clippings on Kace Antagon
isms,' for the Carolina Club committee
on Kacedlelationships,; for a tentative re-
jjort to the Clnb Jan. 26, and a final pro-
■ ghim 'report on May 31. This material
fe all readylat haml in the seminar room
. -of the drpaitment of rural social science
a.at the University of North Carolina.
11. Race Rrogram of the Southern So-
oi to.;ical Conference and the Governors’
■Congress at Salt Lake City.—University
Newsletter, Vol. V, No. 46.
2. Kace Program of the Federal Coun
cil of the Churches of Christ in America.
-University Rural Social Science files,
No. 312.4. '
3. Negro Race Program.
Program of the National Association
for Neg-roAdvanceinent.—University Ru
bral Social Science files. No. 312.4.
A Declaration of Principles, by Kepre-
,sentative Negroes of North Carolina,
Naleigh, Sept. 26, 1919. 11 pp.; news-
(paper clippings concerning the Raleigh
.conference.—University Rural Social Sci
ence files, No. 312.4.
The Subject in General.
The Human Way, Race Studies of the
:Southern Sociological Congress in Atlan
ta. 146 pp.—Edited by James E. McCul
loch, Nashville, Tenn.
Present Forces in Negro Progress, by
D. Weatherford. 191 pp.—Association
.Press, 124 E. 28th St., New York.
Negro Life in the South, by W. D.
Weatherford. 181 pp. — Association
Press, New York.
Negro Migration in 1916-17. 158 pp.—
Bulletin of the U. S. Department of La
bor, Division of Negro Economics, Wash
ington, D. C.
Migration of Negroes into Northern Ci
ties, by George E. Haynes. 4 pp.—Na
tional Gonference of Social Work, 315
PlyiUQUtli Court, Chicago.
‘ ''Sii^roes Move North, by George E. ]
iHaynes. 8 pp.—Reprint from The Sur
vey, May 4, 1918, 112 East 19th St., New
York.
A Contribution to Democracy, a Record
of Race Co operation. 23 pp.—Bulletin
■of the National Urban League, Jan. 1919,
,Eisk'University, Nashville, Tenn.
The South’s Responsibility for Negro
'Griiuc, by Bishop Gailor.—Fisk Univer
sity News, March 1917, Nashville, Tenn.
Bishop Thirkield’s Race Program, Die
World Outlook for October, 1919.—Uni
versity Rural S 'Cial Science Piles, No.
.312.4.
Op,’ll l..etters on Race Relationships, by
'the Uni\er.sity Commission on ,‘'Outhern
Race Problems.—University Rural Social
Science files, No. 312.4. Southern Uni
versity Oominissiou on Race Questions,
Aliuutes. 72 pp.; Open Letters, pp. 45-
73.—Col. Wm. M. Hunley, Commission
Secretary, Lexington, Va.
Itising Standards in the Treatment of
Negroes, by Hastings II. Hart.—Proceed
ings of tiie Southern Sociological Con
gress, Dr. J. E. l^IcCullocb, Secretary,
Nashville, Tenn.
Race Riots, editorfel, Chicago Tribune.
—Uidvorsity Rural Social Science files,
No.312 4.
A Negro Preacher’s Wisdom.—Univer
sity News Letter, "Yol. V, No. 42.
Lynching; Removing Its Causes, by
W. D. Weatherford.—J. E. McCulloch,
Secretary Southern Sociological Congress,
Nashville, Tenn.
Race Riot Lessons, by William Howard
'Taft, press clipping, Philadelphia Pub-
die I^edger.—:University Rural Social Sci-
-ence files, flo. 312.4.
COUNTRY HOME COMFORTS
Tlie^romotiou of home comferts and
conveniences in country homes all over
North Carolina is planned by the bureau
of extension of the University of North
Oaoabna working with the State High
way Coimnission. A group of experien
ced engineering officials among the uni
versity faculty, with P. H. Daggett, pro-
tessoi'of electrical engineering as director,
has been organi/ed to advise and assist,
S’rte of id! charge, in providing for rural
comutiinitie.s water supplu s, electric light
and power [fiaats, to investigate natural
water power possibilities for country
homes, to prepare plans for their develop
ment, and to furnish specifications for
the iiLslallation of rural mutual telephone
sysle ns.
Prof. J, H. Mustard will have charge
of electric light and power projects, Prof.
.1. JL Lear of telephone systems. Prof.
Thoriulike Saville of water power and
sanitation. Prof. E. C. Branson of social
science engineering.
This organization for the promotion of
country home conveniences and comforts
grew out of authorization by the general
assembly of 1917 to the State Highway
Commission to carry on this work. The
conynission has enlisted the bureau of ex
tension of th^ university and the head
quarters of the work will be at Cbaiiel
Hill. Prof. Mustard was at the State
Fair with the highway commission and
already several rejects are being planned.
Profs. Daggett and Saville are spending
this week in Virginia investigating suc
cessful rural telephones and small water
power developments in the country
around Lexington and Harrisonburg.
Demonstration Exhibits
To assist the work exhibits will be
built at Chapel Hill showing what can be
done with small facilities. These include
a model.water power plant on a small
stream near Chapel Hill, which will fur
nish power for lighting, washing, pump
ing, ice making, dairy uses, and other
home jobs. A sanitary engineering lab
oratory will shortly be available at the
university for making tests on water and
sewage, and a housing exhibit, which is
expected to attract a great deal of atten
tion on account of the present crisis in
housing conditions in many parts of
North Carolina, will be built. The var
ious conveniences possible around a home,
such as convenient running water aud
water carriage sewerage systems for the
farm houses and rural districts will be
planned in connection with the model
water power plant. Added to this will be
a small demonstration tePphone system
showing the method of operating the var
ious types of telephone apparatus.
Any of these contemplated improve
menta in country hones or country neigh
borhoods will be investigated, upon re
quest, by engineering experts, profession
al advice will be given, plans drawn or
criticized, knotty problems will be work
er! over, and general assistance of any na
ture will be rendered free.
Machine Power
“Every farmer in tbe State is limited
by lack of man power,’’ said Prof. Dag
gett here today, in speaking of the work.
“Kore help would make men more pro
fits. Under existing conditions the only
hope lies in replacing the labor of human
.hand.s with machinerjr. An (leclrical
unit driven by gasoline, kerosene, or wa
ter power will do many jobs that ordinar
ily take the entire time of someone until
they are finished, jobs that can be done
bettenwith a small motor for a few cents
an hour than bj any farm hand. The
bureau of extension will furnish fr^e of
charge engineering assistance in selecting,
purchasing, installing, and operating
electric light and power plants for farm
and farm community uses.”
In talking further about the difficulties
attendant upon the shortage of labor and
and the efficiency of electricity in the farm
home, Prof. Daggett said :
“Every fanner needs electric lights for
safety, for a fire means the loss of a barn
or a home. In addition lie enjoys the ad
vantage of the best light and a reduction
in the insurance rate. The electric motor
makes it possible to install a complete wa
ter system in tbe farm buildings together
with a hose for washing the automobile,
etc., and for the garden during dry spells.
With a motor-driven buzz saw all the
wood sawing could be done as the logs are
brought in daring the winter months.
Milking is hard work and an electric
milking machine will do the milking in a
shorter time and better at a few cents per
hour. The same motor will also separate
the cream and churn the butter. Such
jobs as corn shelling, cutting ensilage,
chopping feed, sharpening mower blades,
corn knives, axes, scythes, etc., can be
done at home, saving time that should be
spent in the fields.
“In the home, sewing, washing, ironing,
sweeping, mixing bread, freezing ice
cream, sharpening knives, and numerous
other jobs can be done with little ef
fort and leave more time for the farmer’s
wife to enjoy life as her city sisters are
doing. In addition there are many other
appliances that will increase tlie comforts
and conveniences of the household, such
as electric fans, toasters, bread mixers,
water heaters, etc.
A CENTRAL FLAW
The war has revealed to us the mag
nitude and gravity of our whole prob
lem of education. ' A democracy is not
safe with such a mass of illiteracy as
the war has uncovered. But the
problemisnot solved simply by decreas
ing the percentage of illiterates to the
total population. We need not sim
ply education, but Christian education
—training that issues in religious con
viction and Christian personality.
Among all the things that the chap
lains and others who have been in
touch with the religions side of the
Army have revealed to us, few are
more appalling than the lack of com
prehension of the meaning of Chris
tianity and of the elements of religious
faith, which were found to be charac
teristic of great masses of our men,
side by side with a widely prevalent
and child-like religious instinct.
Such ignorance is a central flaw in a
self-controlled and self-governed na
tion. Our strength lies in the intelli
gent religions convictions of our peo
ple.
In the more comprehensive sense of
the term the whole problem of the
church is now more clearly seen to be
one of education. We have to
bring every available resource to
bear to make the pulpit, the Sunday
school, the day school, the university,
the theological seminary, all our edu
cational factors, efficient in carrying
out the great task of the church of
training men and women in Christian
character.—Dr. Robert E. Speer.
age we have done our state. Yet there
are unthinkable agitators who would seek
to practically destroy the valuation law
wisely enacted by the legislature.—Wil
mington Star.
Country Telephones
“Every country home should have a
telephone In 1912 there were some 650
country telephone systems in North Car
olina, owned and operated privately by
groups of farmers. They had in use at
that time around 35,000 miles of wire and
some 20,000 telephones. The new report
just issued from the Census Bureau will
doubtless show a very great increase of
late years; but there are about 275,000
farm homes in our state, and country tel
ephones ought to number at least 150,000
— which is the number of country homes
occupied by owners. Home-owning farm
ers now have the money andean easily
■rifford the slight expense necessary.
“It is possible for the farmers of any
community to get together and have their
own telephone systems at an expense
exceedingly small and well within their
reach. The telephone expert of the divi
sion is ready to offer suggestions with re
gard to formation of rural telephone com ■
panics, to assist in selecting the proper
apparatus, and to supervise the installa
tion of new systems and equipment.’’—
Lenoir Chambers.
CRAVEN IS RICH
A remarkable increase in county wealth
will be shown by the revaluation of tax
able property in Craven county, of which
New' Bern is the county seat. The tax
book in 1919 show’s an assessed wealth of
$13,500,000, while the 1920 tax books will
show an estimated increase of more than
150,000,000. New' Bern’s assessed values
jumped from $7,500,000 in 1919 to $20,-
000,000 in 1920.
Assessing property around its actual
value shows that Craven county’s wealth
is moke than three times the sum of its
former under-valuation, which did a
splendid county injustice. Besides that
the tax rate will be greatly lower, another
advantage that the county will get in the
statistical columns.
Many times The Star has refused to
accept as genuine the contrasts of the ap
parently low wealth of North Carolina
with that of other states which w e knew
could not hold a candle to North Carolina
in actual wealth. However, for years we
went on doing ourselves and our great
state injustice by undervaluing our prop
erty for fear we would have too much tax
es to pay. It was impossible for the great
state of North Carolina to make a favor
able impression abroad with her low
wealth rating and her consequently high
rate of taxation.
We will never know how much dam-
A FORWARD LOOKING CITY
The city of Winston-Salem has taken a
step forward that surpasses anything yet
accomplished in any North Carolina city.
The Journal of that city says:
-L million dollar high school plant, the
extension of tlie graded school system to
meet the growing demands of a progress
ive city, a chain of public parks, a high
school campus of twenty-five acres to be
developed into a great public park and
playground adjoining the high school
campus were the gifts of Providence to
Winston- Salem yesterday. The generos
ity of a number of our citizens, coupled
with the public-spiritedness of our people
has made these community blessings pos
sible.
One cannot fully awaken to the vast
possibilities these things open tip to Wins
ton-Salem w'ithout a spirit of thanksgiv
ing. October 7, 1919, will be a great day
in the annals of the Twin-City. It marks
the beginning of an environment that will
attract people here from all sections. It
marks the declaration of independence of
the city’s children who for the past dec
ade or more have never been able to have
proper recreation.
Playgrounds to develop healthy chil
dren and to bring a smile of happiness to
little faces' A year ago, our people vis
ualized great public parks here in 10 or
20 years. Not even the most' optimistic
anticipated a chain of public parks and
playgrounds for many years. Their need
was apparent to all; the arrested develop
ment of the city’s children because of
a lack of them was an established fact.
A year ago, a million dollar high school
plant in Winston-.Salom would have been
regarded as a dream. But in a year or
two it will be a glorious reality.
This city is fortunate among North Car
olina cities. With such magnificent facili
ties for training our children, we should
forge ahead in the State rapidly. To make
children healthy, efficient and upright is
to build a great city.
Capital will seek a city that places the
light of learning on a hill. Parents will
seek a city that ministers to its children.
In providing for the suitable training and
development of our children, we solve
the city’s other problems.
We have never seen a campaign in
Winston-Salem that gave such satisfac
tion as the campaign for schools.. The in
terest and devotion of the people was en
couraging and prophetic.
Rapidly Winston-Salem is laying the
stepping-stone on which her citizenship
will rise to greatness. The overflowing
victory for the school- and park program
yesterday renews one’s faith in the city’s
future.
Tuesday, October 7, will be known in
years to come as Winston-Salem’s great
est day.—Winston-Salem Journal.
THE CREATIVE INSTINCT
Back of every wage dispute, back of
every labor difficulty, lies some kind of a
suppression or a distortion of the creative
instinct. The animating force of a man
is the creative instinct; he finds his happi
ness in creating.
A real leader of industry seldom finds
any particular pleasure in the money he
earns. A very tew years of success will
give him more money than he can possi
bly spend and from then on the money
earned is only the score of the game. The
real fun is in doing things. The work
man who is creating something never
bothers about wages or hours,, because
his chief fun is in doing.
But you cannot have the creative ex
pression in the shop if you do not have it
in the office. The president who thinks
that his company exists mainly to supply
stock quotations is in exactly the same
case with the workman who looks at the
day’s work not as a means of doing some
thing, but as a means of getting money
without exertion.—Samuel Crowther, in
I'he World’s Work. a
CITIZENSHIP FOR WOMEN
A program of ten outline studies in
citizenship has been prepared by the Bu
reau of Extension of the LTniversity of
North Carolina in response to a request
which came from the Civics Department
of the North Carolina Federation of Wo
men’s Clubs. It is intended fdr the use
of North Carolina women w'ho are inter
ested in becoming more thoroughly ac
quainted w’ith the fundamental principles
of the national, state, county, and local
governments under which they live. Un
der each topic presented references are
given to books for use in tbe preparation
of papers or discussions for ten meetings.
A list of six books is given on /which the
course is based and clubs are advised to
secure the set if possible. This material
will be loaned to North Carolina clubs of
ten or more. A fee of twenty five cents
per member is charged all clubs using
this program.
For further information address The
University of North Carolina, Bureau of
Extension, Women’s Club Division,
Chapel Hill, N. C.
COUNTY FINANCE SYSTEMS
An encouraging sign of the awakened
interest in better government was de
monstrated at Chapel Hill, when the
State and County council indorsed
proposals for a uniform and efficient sys
tem of county financing.
A criticism of long standing against
public business is that it is not conducted
in a business-like way. The people know
in a general way that private enterprises
could not survive if handled as most gov
ernment affairs are. But, with the fatal
ism or indifference which is a characteris
tic of young countries blessed with bound
less resources, these abuses have been re
garded for the most part as inevitable
wastes incident to popular government.
The people have not demanded nor have
they been willing to pay for better meth
ods or abler officials.
Chairman George G. Scott, of the state
board of accountancy, and Dr. E. C.
Branson, of the university, asserted that
under the present system of county book
keeping it is impossible to tell w hether an
administration is doing well or ill, apd
that there are no statistics for comparison
of one county with another.
This judgment pronounced on existing
methods of county finance was indorsed
by the officials of 76 counties present,
this action giving strong reason to hope
for improvement in a matter which means
the accounting of rnillions of dollars.
Why should counties handle their funds
iu a way that would mean bankruntcy
for private enterprises?—Asheville Citizen.
THE HIGH SCHOOL DEBATES
More than three hundred high schools
are expected to take part this year in the
High School Debating Union of North
Carolina conducted by the University of
North Carolina. The query will be—“Re
solved, that the Lhiited States should a-
dopt a policy of further material restric
tion of immigration’’, and the final con
test to decide the state championship and
the winner of the Aycock Memorial Cup
will he held in Chapel Hill early in April,
1920.
The high schools participating in the
debate will be arranged in groups of three,
each school having an affirmative and a
negative team, and those schools winning
both sides of the debate will send their
teams to Chapel Hill for the final rounds
and the championship debate. A bulletin
containing outlines and arguments on
both sides of the query aud references to
further sources of information is being
prepared'by the University and will bp
sent to all schools.
This is the eighth year of the debating
union, which was inaugurated^by the lit
erary socitiea of the University. In 1917
and 1918 more than 300 schools in the
state debated, and an average of 80,000
persons has heard the debates each year.
Durham High School won last year and
Wilson has won twice, though not conse
cutively. A school winning twice conse
cutively obtains permanent possession of
the Aycock Memorial Cup, donated by
former intercollegiate debaters of the Uni
versity. N. W. Walker is chairman of
the committee in charge and E. R. Rank
in is secretary.
THE CHOWAN WELFARE
MEET
The entire school forces of Chowan
county met tw’o days last week at Eden-
ton,to discuss the new school legislation,
welfare legislation, health legislation,
general educational plans, and matteis
concerning community uplift and prog
ress. The attendance at this conference
included practically all the school teach
ers of the county and a large number of
the local district committeemen,~E. W«
K.