I
The news in this publica
tion IS released for the press on
receipt.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
MARCH 31, 1920
CHAPEL HHX, N. C.
VOL VI, NO. 19
Sdiiorial Board j U. C. Branson. L. B. Wilson, E. W. Knight, D. D. Carroll, J. B. Bullitt.
Entered as second-class matter November 14, 1914, at the Postoffloe at Chapel Hill, N. C., under the act of August 24.1912
A BILLIONAIRE STATE
PUBLIC WELFARE COURSES
Featured by the second meeting of the
State and County Council, t)y, a roads
institute under the general oversight of
the State Highway Coininissioner, by a
special institute for ’secretaries of chaiii-
bers'of.conunei'ce’atid other ^ commercial
and tradej,organizations,'‘and by|the be
ginning of public welfare instruction, j
the plans for the summer activities were
announced today at the Ui^iversity of
Xorth Carolina.
The summer school proper, Director N.
AV. Walker said, will begin Tuesday,
June 22, and will continue for six weeks,
closing Thursday, Augusts. Important
increases in courses both for credit toward
a college degree and for the teachers of
the state liave.been made.
Special Courses
Beginning at the same time hut contin
uing for six weeks after the regular clos
ing of the summer school will be the
special courses pre|>ared by the University
and the American Red ilross secretaries,
charity organization secretaries, Y. M.
C. A. and Y. W. (D. A. secretaries and
social workers of every kind. Included
in the summer school also will he a six
weeks’ course for county superintendents
of public welfare, to be conducted by the
Slate Superintendent of Public Wellare,
the University amt the Red Cross au
thorities.
Sliortly after the close of the siuniuer
school the second session of the State and
(\mnty Council will sta't, probably
around August 10, running for three days.
At the same time will begin a week’s
course for the commercial secretaries iiwW
being arranged by tlie State association
,)f secretaries of chambers of commerce
tnd the .school of commerce of the Uiii-
rersity. Tying up witli liotli of these
vvill Ije Commissioner Page’sanuual road
iistitute, which is expected to run a
week also
Eighteen Departments
Eiiilit' eu depuirtuie.nts will offer courses
in the summer school, wliirli will be
counted as credit toward a degree. Op
portunity is thus provide'i, Director
Walker pointed out, for students to cut
than half of 89 babies born died before
they were a month old! In another
community 22 out of the 28 babies died
witliin the first month ; in another 10 of
the 16; in another 10 of the 14; and,
most liorrible of all, in anotlier commu
nity 12 of tlie 15 babies born died within
tiie first thirty days.
The Death Roll of Babes
The figures in these country surveys
are small in number but appalling in
significance.
Such are tlie combined results of spar
sity of population, poor roads, the absence
of country telephones, soc'iai insulation
in general, the lack of country doctors
in adequate numbers, convenient lios-
pital facilities, public health nurses, clin
ics, and dispensaries, the lack'of hunse-
bold liygiene and sanitation, nnintelli-
gent in Ian t feeding and nursing care,
and primitive notions of health-promo
tion ami disease-prevention.
Verily King Ignorance slays as n.any
babies in remote communities every year
in every state as ever King Herod slew
in Bethlehem.
Reaching country homes effectively is
tlie big end of public liealth work in Nortli
Carolina ami every otlier state. ,
I'lie till St accurate nieasuie of a civili
zation is tlie deatli rate ofcliildren. And
the deatli rate of children is apiialling in
North Uaroliiia. A lull tid'd of our deaths
year by year i.s of children tinder five
years of age. Nearly 100 of every lOUO
children born in North Carolinadie with
in the first tv\elve montlis. In Lelcti-
worth, a gimlen city (>f England, the rate
is less lliaii 32. In New Zealami tlie
infant dtatli rate is i-tid less.
A STARTLING STATEMENT
At a recent meeting of the Amer
ican Public Health Association in
New York, Dr. W. S. Rankin, the
president, made some startling state
ments with reference to the physical
and mental health of the population
of this country.
Of the 110,000,000 citizens of this
country, 45,000,000 are physically im
perfect; 15,000,000 ■ die annually;
3.000. 000 are in bed all the time,
1.000. 000 have tuberculosis, 2,500,000
contract venereal diseases each
year, from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 are
cases of hookworm and malaria. Only
37.500.000 are fairly healtliy and 19,-
500.000 are in full vigor. With all
our vaunted support of higlier edin a-
tional institutions, it is iruere-iing,
perhaps surprising, to find that there
are more persons in th» insane asy
lums in this country than in all ti e
coilege.-i and universirie.«. Ir is also
estimated that the former cost more
to tn nntain than do the la'ter.
COUNTRY. HOME CONVENIENCES
LETTER SERIES No. 5
A LUXURY OR A NECESSITY T
For years six million farm families in
tlie country have looked with more or
less envy on the one million families who
enjoy the comforts and conveniences of
city life. Fur years, an ever increasing
number of these country people have an
swered the call of the city, quite as much
for the purposes of escaping from the
comfortless, convenienceless existence of
the average farm as for tlie higher wages
to he had,for shorter hours and lighter
work in the cities.
COMMUNITY MUSIC
People wli'i are interested in communi
ty music as a feature of coinnitinhy life
may have tlie University Leaflet of six
pages on C"niniunity Alnsic, tiy Paul
Jotm AYeaver, Professor of Music at the
Uuiversity of North Carolina. They
slionid write to Dr. L. R, AA’ilson, Direct
or of the Univer.sity Bureau of Extension.
A COUNTRY CHURCH IDEAL
down materially in the old time system
of four years for an A. B. degree. Grad-j My conception tif a church is\hat it
nates oI standard Colleges are able to ob- should stand for the betterment 6t men
tain a Master’s degree in four summers, from their feet on the ground to tliGr
A marked drift toward this work in re- heads in God’s heaven, covering in its
[lent y ears lias iieeii noted liy University range all calls that men make in tiieir
officials. Last year 350 students took hiniger,wlietlieritbealiungerforbetler
college courses in the summer school and business or a hunger for spiritual food,
this year the number is expected to run Deally, instead of the churcli standing
liiglier. I for the cure of souls, it stands for tlie lure
For teachers the department of educa-' hf souls; when they are lured to the
tion ofler.s eiglit course-, iuclading one cliurch tlieir souls will be cured,
allowing modern nietliotls in te ie.liing .all ' Tlie purpose of tlie cliurch sliouldbe to
tlie standard higlisclioolsubjects. Cours- save tlie whole man. That was tlie con
es are also offered in tlie normal defiart- j cept of ,leans Olirist. He saiti, ‘Come
inent in accordatiee witli tlie (ilans of the ; unto me and I will give you rest.’ How
State Dejiartaient of Education for North cim a man find rest when he is physically
C-arolina teachers. A model denioustra- Tlie cliurcli owes a message to
tion school Vvill be sliowti, j man’s body. You can’t save a man in
Special opportunities in nnisic will be■ T'on can’t save ids soul and let
offered this summer fhrougli Professor his body go. A ou can’t save his soul and
Paul John VA^eaver, of the University de-! nihul go.
partment of music. Tlie Carolina Chorus j Tlie old idea of preaching was just to
and eonuiiunity singing in all its forms ’ kct'ip ih'd tell people wliat Jesus said,
will be organized, as well as instrumen- | and let it go at that. God said thus and
ta.1 music. The original plays of the Caro-i and let your social conditions go
lina Playmakers, under the direction of i whack. Tlie old idea was to get people
Professor Frederick H. Koch, will also
be presented. —Lenoir Chambers.
OUT-HERODING HEROD
Remote country areas entirely witliont
medical service; tlie doctors resident at
tlie county seat from ten to twenty miles
away from a third of the country homes;
poor roads at best at any time and imprs
sible iroads in liad weatlier; from one-
half to two-thirds of tlie motliers without
a doctor wlien tlieir cliildreii were born,
tliree mothers entirely alone and 46 with
only their husbands in attendance; com
monly no mir.-iing care at and after oliild
birtti except that of an untrained hired
girl, a relative, or a neiglibor; and so on
and on.
Here are some phrases lifted out of a
report on .health surveys in six rural
counties in four states, by field experts
sent out by tlie Children’s Bureau in
W^ashington. Two of these country com-
offimties, by the way, are in North Caro-
ina. The others are in rural northwest
ern states.
|As a result of sucli conditions, in five
o tliese country commnnities 45 or more
into tlie clmrch in a revival excitement
and after tliat leave tliem to look out for
themselves as best they might. AVhat has
such a church to give a man after it has
converted him? You’ve got to minister
to the mind as well as to the soul. The
church must serve so as to occupy the
mind. Tokee;) boys from shootingcraps
give them a good picture show. They’ll
come to that,—Rev. A. H. Barnes, a
country church pastor in Missouri, quot
ed in The ^iountry Gentleman.
A REAL MAYOR
Fred A. AA’arnock, the newly elected
mayor of A’oungstown, Ohio, who assum
ed office on New A’ear’s Day, 1920, is a
new type of city official, according to the
Youngstown Telegram:
His first official act was to place under
tlie plate-glass cover of the mayor’s desk
a printed card containing his campaign
and post-election pledges. Similar cards
were posted in ttie police station and
other city offices. The seven pledges are
a's follows:
I STAND PLEDGED
To enforce rigidly the laws against
bootleggins, -peakeasies, and all sales of
intoxicating liquor.
To absoluteh sufipriss gambling.
To .-upiire.ss a'l iiu.norat houses and to
eliminate iirostitntes and their parasites
Ironi ihe streets of the city.
To firomote wholesome Yecreation and
S|iort.s, such as clean moving pictures,
lia-eliHll, and foijthall, in all reasonable
and practicable ways
To aafegnard the financial welfare of
the taxpayers by running the city on
business princip'es and not as a political
or per-oiial machire.
To use my best endeavors to advance
the general welfare of - Youngstown by
pushing forward the many necessary ini-
[ir-ivenients which the city’s growth and
deveioptneiit require.
To v'noperate with all the agencies
which are working for the hetternient of
tlie city ill living conditions, the protec
t'oii of life, and the moral .ind iihysical
development of the children.—American
Social Hygiene Associati"n.
At the same time many city folk have
heard, and wanted to heed, the seduc
tive calls of .simple life in the country,
but they have paused when they thought
of the back-breaking tasks, the joy-rob
bing job.s that have always been a part of
every-day life m the average American
farm. To the citj mik such drudgery is
uninviting. On the other hand many of
the comforts and conveniences that are
taken as a matter of course by the city
folk are looked on as luxuries by the
country folk.
What is a Luxury?
But is it a luxury lobe a tile to draw
water from a tap instead of laboriously
drawing it from a well, or carrying it
many aching steps from a spring? Is it
a luxury to flood any room you wish with
a brighi clieery light by simply turning a
conveniently placed switch, instead of
carrying a dangerous, dirty, smelly oil
lamp from one room to another- as yhft
need it? Is it a luxury when you spend
ten cents for tlie power necessary to do
the week’s washing instead of using fifty
cents worth oi your own time, and good
ness knows how much of your patience
and good nature?
Economists tell us that luxuries are
things not absolutely essential to the in
dustrial efficiency of the average family.
On this cold-blooded basis then sucli
seeming luxuries as the electric light, the
electric pump, the electric washing ma
chine, the fan, tne churn, the—why
there is hardly any end to the list of
electrical contrivances which, though
they may have been nineteenth century
luxuries, have now become necessary
comforts and conveniences in the twen
tieth century.
Gone Are the Days
■ It is only r cently that all these things
have been made available to the Ameri
can farmer. AVithin the last five years
the farm lighting set has been brouglit to
such a stage of perfection that not only
can the farmer have all the advantages
of the city dweller, but what is more he
can have tliem for not one cent more thas
it costs the city dweller for the same thing.
Gone are the days of the lamp and lan
tern! Gone are the days of the old
creaking pump! This is the age of effi
ciency ! The age of the master-servant
—electricity.-^P. H. I).
A BILLION DOLLAR STATE
Kansas is bragging miglitily of late
about being A Billion Dollar State.
But Kansas lia^ iiotliing on North Caro
lina. AA’e are ourselves A Billion Dollar
State.
L'lok at tlie figures for North Carolina.
Crop values produced in
1919 1 683,000,000
Farm animals and products
produceci in 1919 100,000,000
Mamifactured products in
1914 289,000,000
/ )
Total #1,072,000,000
And tills modest total does not include
the value of our stubble, straw, and corn-
sta'ks, nor tlie product of our fisheries
wortli 3 million dollars, nor tlie output oi
our mines and quarries worth 6 millions
nor our firewood cut worth 25 millions, nor
our cottonseed worth 30 millions, nor
our lumber and timber cut worth 150 mil
lions, nor tlie 1919 value of our industrial
products which were worth some 400 mil
lions more than in 1914.
As a matter of fact we are nearer being
a two billion than a one billion dollar
state.
Our manufactured products were twice
the quantity and three times tlie value of
our 1914 output. Indeed, the volume of
these values last year was close to $750,-
000,000.
However, the figures of the 1919 cen
sus of manufactures liave not yet been
given to the public. And so on the basis
of tlie old figures, we claifn to be in tlie
liilhonaire class. Easily so, with a half
billion or so to spare.
What it Means
AA’hen tlie primary wealtli produced by
our farms and factories alone amounts
to more than a Itillion dollars in a single
year, it becomes evident that North Caro
lina is no longer poor but rich and fast
becoming richer:
AVe are now producing greater wealth
in one year than we have been willing to
put on our tax' books in two hundred and
fifty years—more by a hundred tniliion
dollars!
No wonder we were able to pay a liun-
dred million dollars into the federal
treasury in 1919 in revenue stamps and
in taxes on incomes and excess profits,
and to do it witlioiit batting an eyelid.
No wonder our federal taxes on personal
iuc-onies and excess pioflts alone are al
most equal to the total value of all the
church iiroperties of tlie state—23 against
25 miljion dollars.
if 23 tlionsand people and four thou
sand coi poratioiis in North Carolina are
able to pay tweiity-tliree million dollars
into tlie federal treasury in income and
excess ptofits taxes, how much could the
rest of our two and a half million people
pay into our state treasury for schools
and roads and public health purpii.^es—
that is to say, if only they were minded to
doit, if only they were really convinced
01 tlie value of education, health, and
highways?
How We Ranh
The value of manufactured products
in North Carolina in 1914 was 289
million dollars in round miiubers—mainly
of course in cotton and tobacco factory
products. Only 17 states showed a lar
ger total. See the table elsewhere in this
issue.
Ill the value of itidustrial products, we
outranked every other southern state,
Texas alone excepted, and Texas, be it
remembered, is five times the area and has
nearly tw ice the populatioti of North Caro
lina. AA’e were 20 millions ahead of Virginia
our nearest sontliern competitor; 30 mil
lions aliead of Georgia, 50 millions ahead
of Kentucky, 70 millions ahead of Ten
nessee, and 100 millions ahead of Alaba
ma. AA’e outstripped South Carolina
more than two to one, Oklahoma nearly
three to one, and Mississippi nearly lour
to one.
Tremendous Gains
During the 1904-14 period we a little
more tlian doubled the total value of onr
manufactured products In all the Ui.i-
II d States only eight states made greater
gams in industrial development—namely
Arizona, Idaho, Michigan, Nevada, Ok
lahoma, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming. It
will he noted that every one of tliese
states is in the oil and mineral mining
areas; and also that in the total value of
industrial products North Carolina stands
far. ahead of all these states, Texas and
Michigan alone excepted.
In 1899, twenty-seven states stood
above us in the column of industrial out
put; but in 1914, the number dwindled
I to 17.
j During these fifteen years North Caro-
I lina moved ahead of ten states in mnnu-
■ facturing enterprises—namely, Colora.io,
1 Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine!
Nebraska, New Hampshire, Rhtide Is
land, Tennessee, and Virginia.
In 1919 we were still nearer the top;
how much nearer it will be impossible to
say until the last year’s census of manu
factures gets into print.
But it is sale to say that the 1919 total
will be amazing. AVe venture to predict
that it will be around three-quarters of a
billion dollars. In 1917 seven hundred
millions was the gross income of our cor
porate businesses, and the gross value of
manufactured products must have been
far beyond tliat, figure.
AVe are hoping to get advance sheets
from the Census Bureau, and to publish
these 1919 figures at an early date.
FACTORY PRODUCTS IN THE UNITED STATES
In 1914 according to the Federal Census of Manufactures.
Value
Rank State
Value
Rank State
1
New York
...$3,814,661,114
25
Nebraska ...
2
Pennsylvania
... 2,832,349,437
26
Tennessee....
3
Illinois
.... 2,247,322,819
27
Maine....
4
Ohio
.. 1,782,808,2(9
28
AA’est A’irginia
5
Massachusetts
.. 1,641,373,,047
29
New Hampshire
■6
N' w Jersey
.., 1,406,633,414
30
Alabama
7
Alichigan
... 1,086,162,432
31
South Carolina .. .
8
Indiana
.. 730,795,021
32
Colorado
9
California
... 712,800,764
33
Oregon
10
AA’isconsin
.. 695,172,002
34
Oklahoma
11
Missouri
.. 637,952,128
35
Utah
12
Connecticut
... 545,471,517
36
Montana ....
13
Alinnesota
... 493,354,136
37
Arkansas ...
14
Maryland
377,749,078
38
Florida ....
15
Texas
... 361,279,303
39
Mississipui..
16
Kansas
.. 323,234,194
40
A’^ermont.
17
Iowa
... 310,749,974
41
Arizona,.
!S
NortK Carolina
289,411,987
42
Delaware
19
Rhode Island
... 279,545,873
43
Idaho
20
A’irginia
... 264,039,041
44
South Dakota....
21
Louisiana
... 255,312,648
45
North Dakota.
Georgia
... 253,270,511
46
Nevada ...
23
AVashington
. 264,039,041
47
AVyomins
24
Kentucky
... 230,248,909
48
N“"’ Mexico.
212,071,489
200,450.118
193,511,782
182,843,866
178,797,633
138,891,202
136,839,321
109,761,951
102,005,693
87,112,360
84,446,136
83,940,587
81,112 291
79,550,095
76j990,974
fe4,089,510
56,034,966
28,453,797
24,138,566
'21,147,431
16,083,304
11,223,415
i|
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