IP
The news in this pubJica-
ion is released for the press on
eceipt.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
PRIL 7, 1920
CHAPEL HttL, N. C.
VOL VI, NO. 20
[itorial Board i K. C. Branson, L. B. Wilson, E. W. Knight, D. D. Carroll, J. B. Bullitt.
Entered as second-class matter November 14,1914, at the Postoffloe at Chapel Hill, N. C., under the act of August 24,1913
TRIFLING WITH EDUCATION
DR. CHASE'S INAUGURAL
The program of the inauguration ex
cises of Dr. Harry Woodburn Chase as
•esident of the University of North Caro-
la on-April 28, announced by Dr. Ar-
ibald Henderson, of the inauguration
mmittee, shows that a number of the
Bt known educators in the country^wiil
present to deliver addresses or greet-
gs to the University.
Aside from the inaugural of President
lase, important addresses will be made
' President Hibben, of Princeton, Dean
larles li. Mann, of the University of
licago, President Alderman, of the Uni-
irsity of Virginia, President Poteat, of
'ake Forest, Superintendent E. 0.
rooks, W. N. Everett, of Rockingham,
ui others.
The exercises proper will be held in
emorial liall early in the afternoon,
buffet luncheon given by the Univer-
ty to the guests will precede the exer-
ses, and at night there willbeaban-
let at which short greetiug.s will be giv-
i by representatives and delegates from
any - learned societies and institutions
hich have been invited to participate,
reception will be lield afterward in
^nutn Gymnasium. Governor Thomas
Bickett will preside at the inangura-
m exeicises.
The program in full is as follows: In
cation by Bishop Joseph B. Cheshire,
iree addresses on Tlie Higlier Educa-
m and its Present Task, by President
hn Greer Hibben, of Princeton Univer-
7, from the point of view of the college;
Dean Charles R. Mann, of the Uiii-
•sity of Chicago, from the point of view
the professional school; and by a
sakera^yet unchosen, for the graduate
look
fhe presentation of tlie new president
1 be made by ex-Prosident Francis P.
nable. The oath of office will be ad-
nistered by Chief Justice Walter Clark,
e president will be inducted into office
Governor T. W. Bickett. Inaugural
dress by President Harry Woodburn
ase. Greeting from state universities.
President E. A. Alderman, of the Uni-
rsity of Virginia; from tlie colleges of
rth Carolina, by President W. L. Po-
it, of Wake Forest; from the public
loois, by Siipt. E. C. Brooks; from the
umni, by W. N. Everett, of Rocking-
m; from the student body, by Emer-
1 White, of Reisterstovvn, Md.; from
j faculty, by Dr. Archibald Henderson,
nediction by Bishop Joseph B. Ches-
re.
If the public conscience will submit to
this condition of things without protest
tlien our rich state is hard-hearted and
tight-fisted beyond words.
If we cannot or will not rise to this
emergency in North Carolina, then we
may well doubt the kind of salvation that
lies in wealth alone.
Our riches are greatly increased, but
why set our heart upon riches if our chil
dren’s minds are to be starved?
TRIFLING WITH EDUCATION
MIGHTY SHORT COMMONS
I'hree hundred twenty-three dollars
,s the average salary paid white teach-
1, town and country, in the elementary
blic schools of North Carolina in 1917-
It was only a little more than half the
erage in the United States the same
ir—$323 against fi606.
rhis is not a record to be proud of in
3 richest state in tlie South.
S’ew Hanover leads the list with }1580,
d Durham follows next with $572 as
erage annual salaries for elementary
lite teachers in 1917-18. See the table
another column.
Even our two most liberal counties are
11 below the average,of ttie country-at-
•ge.
As for the nine counties at the foot of
8 column —mountain counties all—
ey paid their white teachers less than
10 a year. The range was from $209
Ashe to $169 in Watauga.
And three of* these same mountain
unties are among the half-dozen rich-
t counties in North Carolina in per
pita country wealth.
For a Billionaire State
Manifestly tlie teachers in the elemen-
ry public schools of our state are turned
t to graze on mighty short commons.
As a result, two-thirds of our public-
hoolfteachers last year abandoned teach-
g, and two-thirds of our public schools
e this year taught by raw recruits.
Nojwonder 706 of our common-school
'oms are closed. And no wonder 7
lousand, or nearly half of our common
hools, are in the hands of substandard
ach^rs taken on temporarily in the
uei^ency.
It’s a crime
orth Carolina.
The United States was founded by peo
ple who were thoroughly cpnvincedof the
absolute importance, of an educated citi
zenship as a basis for a permanent democ
racy.
If yoi^ are going to have a government
by the people as well as for the people
and of the people you must take measures
to develop a kind of people who are ca
pable of governing.
If the people of America are to take
over the business of kings into their own
hands tliey mu.st all be kings. They
must not only know how to govern them
selves, but they must learn the technique
of government and also acquire the taste
for government.
Along with citizenship and culture
must go the will for politics, the willing
ness to assume the responsibilities of pol
itics and the training necessary thereto.
After a hundred and fifty years' of
struggle against the inertia of tradition
we are recognizing the citizenship of the
woman. And it is of vital importance
that the educated woman should be pre
pared to assume that citizenship.
Although we have always boasted of
onr educational facilities, we have never
theless only been trifling with education.
There is no doubt that the teachers of
our country are underpaid, and that if
we continue our present policy this teach
ing force is going to deteriorate more rap
idly.
You cannot defy natural forces, and it
is natural for the more capable people to
seek those avenues of employment that
bring the most remuneration and give
the most opportunity for liberal culture.
Dr; William Allen Neilsen, president
of Smith’s College, says: “We are facing
the annihilation of a profession.’’
Teaching does not pay. Other profes
sions do. Tlie college graduate is enter
ing the industrial and commercial fields.
They become department managers or go
into business for themselves; they take
up chemistry and dietetics; they write or
edit. ,
A New York professor writes: Most
of tlie young men now coming into tlie
teaching ranks are mediocre. Otherwise
they would not be here. There ip too
much demand for-them elsewhere. The
world is being rebuilt and.they are want
ed. The universities cannot get them.
In view of all this it is difficult to con
ceive of a more pressing obligation upon
our people than that of worthily endow
ing and supporting their institutions of
learning.—Dr. Frank Crane.
against the children hf
THE CARPENTER’S SON
The world we knew in 1914 no longer
exists. In everything except dates on
the calendar it has been an hundred
years since Joffre stayed the mad rush of
conquest on the Marne. Old ideas and
old conditions have gone never to return.
Men are questioning old doctrines and
rejecting dogmas, religious and political.
The unrest evidenced in profiteering and
in striking, the selfishness and tyranny of
employers and employees, cannot be
stayed by any human mandate. _
The only answer to Bolshevism is
Christian Justice expressed in the Golden
Rule. We may denounce what we call
Bolshevismj we may ridicule it, we may
stick our heads in the sand and deny its
existence, but the Evil Thing is with us.
How can it be exorci.sed? Force can
awe it today. Power may subdue it to
morrow, but there is only one way to de
stroy the germ of anarchy which has
sprung up in the upheaval that follows
war. That power is the same which bade
the unclean spirit come out of the man
of th,e Gadarenes two thousand years ago.
And it cannot be invoked by the Church
until Chj-istian men practice the brother
hood of man.
A RELIGIOUS NECESSITY
Warren H. Wilson
In every average country place
there should be a cooperative business
done by the farmers themselves in the
manufacture of their product. Farm
ers complain that all the profits from
milk or apples or berries or pork are
made by capitalists. That is not
necessary. In fact, it is more expen
sive and requires more painstaking
for capitalists to kill hogs and cure
bacon than it would require for the
farmers to do it themselves.
The one advantage the capitalist
has is his ability to lead and to obey.
He knows better than to obstruct.
Therefore, he is able to haul beef or
pork a thousand miles to Chicago to
manufacture it and to ship it a thous
and miles to its market, underselling
in that market local meats. The
American farmer no longer knows
how to cure bacon, because he does
not know how to obey and to organ
ize and to cooperate.
With a great many otlier men I
believe that cooperation is the greatest
religious necessity. The lessons of
working together are the lessons which
ought to be taught by the religious
leader in the country. The best place
to learn it is with pork or milk or
berries and the best school for it is a
local creamery or -cannery or bacon
factory.
COUNTRY HOME CONVENIENCES
LETTER SERIES No. 6
RURAL TELEPHONES
When organizing a rural telephone
company it is of course advisable to have
as many as possible of the residents as
members.'
The first step to take in promoting a
farmers’ line is to form an organization.
It is always better and more satisfactory
to all parties concerned to go into a thing
of this kind in a business-like manner.
The work to be done can be assigned to
the different committees and each com
mittee can be held responsible for the
part of the business allotted to it. Some
one, of course, must start the ball a roll
ing by going to his neighbors and finding
out if they would be interested.
Having worked up a sentiment for
a telephone line, call a meeting of ail the
interested ones. This meeting wil! prob
ably be a small one, but it will probably
be a meeting of the live ones. Talk the
situation over, the probable length of
lines, the number of subscribers necessary
to justify the expense, the ground to be
covered, etc. Appoint several people to
go around the neighborhood nearest each
of their homes to talk telephones, and get
as many as possible to sign up for a tele
phone. It should be understood by all that
the cost of the service will depend upon the
number coming into the organization; the
larger the organization the less will be
the cost to each individual.
After about a week of this kind of pro
paganda, call a meeting of all those who
have signed for phones, and invite all
who are interested whether they have
signed or not. Let the leader of the
movement make a good talk on ihe ad
vantages of a telephone and sign up as
many more as possible.
At this meeting elect a president, vice-
president, secretary-treasurer, superin
tendent, and executive committee.
Having effected the organization it will
be necessary to secure certain rights-of-
way and a state charter. At this point
it would be well to call on the Division
of Country Home Comforts and Conven
iences, for assistance in perfecting the or
ganization and for other steps. The
services of an expert may be had free of
charge by addressing the Director of the
Division, Chapel Hill, N. C.—J. E. L.
We talk about fellowship, but do we
practice the teaching of Jesus, the Car
penter? If Christ sliould come to earth
tomorrow, in overalls, carrying his saw
and plane, would we leave all and follow
Him? Would not many of us, like the
rich young man, go away sorrowful, un
willing to pay the price of discipleship?
We shall not brin'g Capital and Labor
together until both learn that they are of
the same blood and sons of the same.fa-
ther. Aloofness, suspicion, greed, injus
tice, hatred—-these, whether in rich or
poor—are the fruits of forgetfulness of the
divine command: “Whatsoever ye would
that men should do to you, do ye even so
to them.”
If leaders of Capital and Labor, big
and little, carried that truth in their
hearts, would a gulf anywhere separate
them? On the contrary, we should have
had both of them seeking to see which
could mete cut the fairest measure of
justice and vying with each other in pro
moting undenstanding and comradeship.
—Secretary Josephus Daniels, before the
Western North Carolina Conference,
Oct. 26, 1919.
IMPROVING COUNTRY LIFE
One of the good efiects of the coal
strike—there are enough bad results to
make the good conspicuous— is a new in
terest in the development ot water pow
er. In the, pinch of the coal shortage,
the public has made resolutions which if
not forgotten with the passing of the cri
sis will mean the harnessing of Imndreds
of streams whose energy is now wasted.
The movement has in it the possibili
ties not only of revolutionizing the man
ufacturing industry of the South, but of
adding to country life most of the com
forts and conveniences of towns and
cities.
Of the two possibilities .the prospect of
lightening the burden of labor on the
farm is the one that should be most em
phasized. The managers of industry will
learn the lesson of the coal shortage with
out much urging. They are already drilled
by competition to look for improvements
in manufacturing. But the rural popu
lation needs counsel and instruction in
simple methods of making the streams
contribute to the success and enjoyment
of life.
The legislature of 1917 authorized the
highway commission to promote country
home conveniences and comforts, and in
carrying out this work the commission
has enlisted the aid of the extension bu
reau of the University of North Carolina.
Any community which contemplates im-
(irovements in heating, lighting, sanita
tion or in installation of machinery for
doing farm and house work m&y receive
for the asking the assistance of the ex
perts at the University.
Do It With Machines
Water power and gasoline can trans
form the labor of the farm from drudgery
to an occupation which leaves time for
the social intercourse which is too often
denied the overworked people of the
country. The farmers are suffering to
day from labor shortage: they are learn
ing that machinery will solve the labor
problem. Machinery will milk, separate
the cream from the milk, and churn; it
will sew, wash dishes and clothes, make
ice, and saw wood as well as plow and
make hoeing corn and other labor of the
hands unnecessary.
In pointing out these possible develop
ments, a warning should be made. The
water power of the mountains, still prac
tically untouched, is being depleted by the
destruction of the forests. The removal
of forest growth robs the earth of it*
sponge-like covering which catches the
rainfall and lowers it into the reservoirs
beneath the surface. The irregular flo-w
of the French Broad, which has made
hydro-electric plants along its bank*
partly dependent on steam power, is du
plicated in every stream in the Appala
chians.
If the streams are not to lose their
power to aid man they must be protected
by sensible forestry methods. In many
districts reforestation is sadly needed.
Unless the wooded areas receive treat
ment in the next decade radically dif
ferent from the customs of the past, the
day will come when there will be no wa
ter power to harness.—Asheville Citizen.
AVERAGE ANNUAL SALARIES PAID WHITE COMMON-
SCHOOL TEACHERS
Based on the 1917-18 report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction
S. H. HOBBS, JR., University of North Carolina
State average $323. U. S. average $606
Rank Counties Average Salary
1 New Hanover $580.36
2 Durtmm 572.30
3 Mecklenburg 487.18
4 Scotland 484.54
5 Northampton 484,16
6 Buncombe 463.98
7 Edgecombe 458.92
8 Halifax 440.92
9 Gaston 438.34
10 Wake 433.82
11 Nash 433.80
12 Forsyth 431.97
13 Guilford 430.00
14 Richmond 429.66
15 WiLon 407.27
16 Vance 390.11
17 Lenoir 383.53
18 Harnett 370.87
19 Warren 368.37
20 Craven 362.83
21 Montgomery 359.41
22 Pasquotank 359.14
23 Pitt 348.77
24 Franklin 344.24
25 Robeson 342.82
26 Hyde , 340.84
27 Hoke 339.40
28 Alamance.. 338.87
29 Duplin 336.19
29 TranSylvania 336.19
31 Wayne 334.66
32 Lincoln 330.41
S3 Anson 329.43
34 Rowan 328.77
35 Cumberland 325.81
36 Granville 324.65
37 Gates 319.58
38 Greene 316.42
39 Pender 314.16
40 Beaufort 313.78
41 Bertie 311.15
42 Rockingham 307.84
43 Jackson 304.19
44 Camden 300.59
45 Hertford 299.84
46 Currituck 295.00
47 Da-vidson 291.57
48 Haywood .'. 289.89
49 Lee 289.69
50 Henderson 289,51
Rank Counties Average Salary
51 Chowan $288.38
52 Pamlico 287.62
53 Cnslow 284 08
54 Columbus 284.00
55 Union 282 91
56 Martin 280.75
57 Johnston 280.40
58 Caldwell 279 79
59 Jones 276.82
60 Orange 276.44
61 Cabari^s 274 5$
62 Brunswick 273.17
^3 Swain 269.42
64 McDowell 269.19
65 Washington 267 17
66 Bladen 265.1?
S'lrry 261.95
68 Burke 261.82
69 Wilkes 260.19
70 Sampson 257 79
71 Chatham 265.66
72 Catawba 255 54
73 Person 254.59
74 Perquimans 252 73
75 Cherokee 249.56
76 Polk 247.51
77 Moore 245.00
78 Madison 243 12
79 Cleveland 242 92
80 Davie 241.09
81 Macon 240.43
82 Stanly 238.78
83 Caswell 238.41
84 Carteret 237 OO
85 Randolph 236.76
86 Dare 230.42
87 Rutherford 229.69
83 Clay 222.73
89 Mitchell 215.57
90 Iredell 213.22
91 Tyrrell 211.19
92^Ashe 209 73
93 Yangey 209.40
94 Alleghany 201.76
95 Yadkin 200.22
96 Stoker 199.92
97 Alexander 194.24
98 Avery i89‘33
99 Graham igg gg
100 Watauga 169.39