■HiMMIMaii
The news in this publi
cation is released for the
press on receipt.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
SEPTEMBER 14, 1921
CHAPEL HILL, N. C.
Editorial Hoard i B. C. BranJ507i, S. H. Hobl)S, Jr., L. R. Wilson, E. W. Knight, D. D. Carroll, J, B. Bullitt, H. W. Odum. Entered as second-class matter November 14.1914, at the Postoffice at Chapel Hill, N. C., under the act of August 24, 1912.
Published Weekly by the
University of North Caro
lina for its University Ex
tension Division.
VOL, VII, NO. 43
PROGRAM
First National Regional Conterence on
Town and County Administration
Chapel Hill, N. C., Sept. 19, 20,21,1921
Under the Joint Auspices of
the UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
And the
NATIONAL MUNICIPAL LEAGUE
With the informal cooperation of
THE NORTH CAROLINA MUNICIPAL ASSOCIATION
THE N C. ASSOCIATION OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
THE NORTH CAROLINA COMMERCIAL SECRETARIES
To make concrete, definite, and substantial contributions to pres
ent-day critical problems in the development of American Democracy
and to make usable to the people the important facts of local gov
ernment. ...
The greatest public service today is devotion to the upbuilding of our community insti
tutions, our town governments, our town and country improvements, our schools, and
all that multitude of volunteer institutions in promotion of education, recreation, and
commerce. The war created a great lot of people who wish to lean on federal and
state' governments. Our country was built by pushers, not leaners. Progress of the
nation is simply the sum total of local progress. We will go backwards the moment we
destroy the initiative of our people by constant extension of federal authority. Herbert
Hoover, in greetings to this conference.
Undoubtedly, the conference you are planning will be very helpful. The schedule
of subjects to be discussed covers a wide range and is particularly wise, as it seems to
me in identifying the commercial and social aspects of municipal adminstration with
the financial considerations, all of them being tied together in the mind of any really
constructive Municipal Executive.-Aemton D. Baker, in greetings to this conference.
MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER NINETEENTH
TUESDAY MORNING, NOON, AFTERNOON, AND EVENING,
SEPTEMBER TWENTIETH
WEDNESDAY MORNING, NOON, AND AFTERNOON, SEPTEM
BER TWENTY-FIRST
Headquarters: PEABODY HALL ON THE CAMPUS
PROGRAM
Cam-
A UNIVERSITY IDEAL
I would not have universities in
capable of educating for positions
of highest responsibility, but I
would have them recognize that rais
ing the intellectual level of the mass
offers the opportunity for the man
of genius to emerge. It as surely
produces leadership as would be
done if all opportunity were offered
to the few, to the exclusion of the
many.
Through the ages the cumulative
tendency has been for power to flow
from the few to the many. Authority
in these days is derived from qualities
that make for influence rather than
from attempted domination.
Likewise, I would argue that
leadership is tested by the extent of
its ability to produce and utilize lead
ership in others, and that its value is
reckoned in terms of service to
others, rather than in terms of as
cendancy over others.— President
E. W. Hopkins, Dartmouth.
TROUBLE IN CALIFORNIA
During the last ten years the reven
ues for state purposes in California
have been raised by taxes on the fran
chises and incomes of the corporations
doing business in the state. As in North
Carolina there is no tax levied on gen-
j eral property for the support of state
1 departments, state institutions, and
: state enterprises. The general property
taxpayer is relieved of all taxes for
state purposes.
This tax system in California has
been in vogue long enough to take stock
of the plan somewhat.
The first thing to say is, that legis
lators in voting state appropriations
are relieved of responsibility to their
home constituencies. They do not fear
to vote state appropriations in multi
plied millions. Rather, they fear not to
vote for such appropriations because
the masses of the people at home do
not pay these taxes, and so have every
thing to gain and nothing to lose. The
result is that the last legislature voted
ninety-one million dollars for state ex
penses during the ensuing two years.
3.
3.
2.
Monday Evening, 8:30 o’clock, September Nineteenth
General Meeting, Gerrard Hall, Dr. E. C. Branson presiding.
Address of Welcome-President Harry Woodburn Chase, of the University,
who will also present
Greetings from:
President Warren G. Harding
Secretary Herbert Hoover
Horn Newton D. Baker
Hon. Wm. G. McAdoo
Hon. Josephus Daniels
Professor Wm. B. Munro of Harvard University
Professor Wm. E. Dodd of the University of Chicago
And Others.
Address of the Evening; Active Citizenship and Government-Hon.
eron Morrison, Governor of North Carolina.
Tuesday Morning 9:00 o’clock, September twentieth
Municipal Finance, Peabody Hall, Dean D. D. Carroll, presiding
Welcome to Town Officials-Hon. W. S. Roberson, Mayor of Chapel Hill
Response for the National Municipal League-Dr. H. W. Dodds, Executive
-A- 1 Prnhlpms of American Towns and Cities Hon. Arthur N.
Person, Sber of the GenerM Assembly of New Jersey, and author of the
New Jersey local finance acts. * i*
tTd s'nfp to Take Liberties with Laws Relating to Municipal Taxation in
^ I- nf Curative Legislation?-Hon. T. B. Eldridge, Mayor of Ra-
feKnri Secretary of the North Carolina Municipal Association
Brtef Discussions, with round-table questions and reports from towns repre-
sented, cowan, Mayor of Wilmington
Hon. James Hanes, Mayor of Wmston-Salem
Hon. J. 0. Walker, Mayor of Charlotte, and
Other representatives present . , „ a m pip.
The Essentials of a Workable Municipal Finance Act-Hon. Arthur N. Pier
son, of New Jersey
Tuesday Noon, 1 o’clock, September Twentieth
General Luncheon Swain Hall, Col. Joseph H. Pratt presiding
Address; Interpreting Public Welfare in Terms of Budgets-Hon. Arthur
N' Pierson, of New Jersey , m r- i.u
Tuesday Afternoon, 2:30 o’clock, September Twentieth
Room 4, Peabody Hall
Municipal Administration, Mayor Gallatm Roberts pressing
Progress in Municipal Government m the United Other
Iirts^lS^r.rW^Dod'iirM of
SrpTes''oTpS’gtss in North Carolina: City Manager:
Mr T C. Painter, City Manager for Greensboro
Mr R G. Rigsby, City Manager for Durham
Mr! R. G. Henry, City Manager for Hickory
And others in attendance
Commission Form of Government
Mayor James Cowan of Wilmmgton
Mayor T. B. Eldridge of Raleigh
And others reporting
Commissioner-Manager; p_„„„„v,nro
Mayor Claude Kiser of Greensboro
The Scientific Budget in Municipal Administration Mr
ber Finance Committee, Goldsboro ^
Attainable Programs for Commercial Secretar e
Tuesday Evening, 8:30 o’clock, September Twentieth
General Session, Gerrard Hall, Mr. H. W. Dodds, Presiding
Attainable Standards of Town and County Education—Hon. E. C. Brooks,
State Superintendent of Public Instruction, North Carolina
Attainable Standards of Town and County Public Health—Dr. W. S. Ran
kin, Secretary of the North Carolina State Board of Health
Attainable Standards of Public Welfare—Mrs. Clarence A. Johnson, State
Commissioner of Public Welfare, North Carolina
Attainable Standards of Individual Public Service—Dr. W. L. Poteat, Presi
dent of Wake Forest College
Wednesday Morning, 9:00 o’clock, September Twenty-First
County Administration, Peabody 4, Dr. E. C. Branson presiding
Welcome to County Officials—Mr. R. H. Ward, Chairman Board of County
Commissioners, Orange County .
The North Carolina Association of County Commissioners and their 1921-22
Plans—Mr. T. B. Patten, President and Chairman of the Board of Commis
sioners for Buncombe County „
The County Commissioner: The Bigness of His Work—Dr. E. C. Branson,
University of North Carolina .
4 New Efforts Toward Progress in County Government in the United States—
Mr. H. W. Dodds, Executive Secretary of the National Municipal League
5. Needed County Legislation in North Carolina—Hon. Lindsay Warren of
Washington, N. C. »
6. Can the County-Manager Plan Be Adapted to Our Present Needs'
Discussion
Wednesday Noon, 1:00 o’clock, September Twenty-First
General Luncheon, Swain Hall, Mr. Charles B. Woollen presiding
1. Address: Hon. Baxter Durham, State Auditor for North Carolina
Wednesday Afternoon, 2:30 o’clock, September Twenty-First
Closing Session, Town and County, Peabody 4, Mr. H. W. Dodds presiding
1. The Close Relationship Between Town and County—Hon. Henry Dwire, Edi
tor Twin City Sentinel ' ■ , , . , t, r> u,
2. Minimum Standards for Home and Farm Work in the County—Dr. B. W.
Kilgore Director, Cooperative Extension Work in North Carolina
3. Minimum Standards for Road Work-Hon. W. A. McGirt, Highway Com
missioner, Wilmington rr ■ u*
4. Minimum Standards for County School Work-Professor E. W. Knight,
University of North Carolina .
5. Minimum Standards for County Libraries—Professor L. R. Wilson, Univer
sity of North Carolina
6. Minimum Standards in County Homes and Hospitals—Mr. W. C. Jones,
Commissioner, High Point .
NOTE; The meetings on COUNTY ADMINISTRATION are but prelimi
nary to what it is hoped will be the real meeting of those interested in County
Government next August when the State Convention of .County Commissioners
hold their annual meeting at Chapel Hill. It is proposed that the University ex
tend to them every facility at hand and offer to serve them m whatever way
they may desire in making their own meeting profitable and pleasant.
GENERAL INFORMATION
U1 V-."-'*
the National Municipal
Lionel Weil, Mem-
in Developing Better
Municipalities the Greensboro Chamber of Com-
A Conference for Work; It is hoped that all delegates to the Town and
County Conference will realize the difficulty of including in the limited time all
the needed topics and that they will, therefore, join heartily m the intensely
crowded program. It is hoped, further, in view of the very close relation be
tween town and county that all delegates will plan to remain through the whole
conference.
Special Features: There will be a number of papers read by title, but pro
duced in the Proceedings in full. Among these will be that oprofessor E C.
Lindeman on Minimum Standards for Recreation; by Mr. H. W. Waddell, State
Auditor for Massachusetts on Standards of Accounting, and others. There will
be greetings from the Minnesota League of Municipalities and from the People s
Association of Pennsylvania, from the National Country Life Association and
others giving stories of progress. There will be small exhibits by Mr. T C.
Atwood, Construction Engineer for the University, showing the plans of Uni
versity development; Mr. Knowles and Mr. Ritter will show three typical City
Plans of Winston-Salem; Mr. Saville will have exhibits of general Town Plan
ning Dr Kilgore and Mrs. McKimmon will have maps showing distribution
of their 'work as will also the departments of Public Health and Public Wel
fare. Other exhibits will be included in maps by Mr. Branson, Mr. Odum, Mr.
Hobbs, Miss Roberson.
There will be special opportunities for individual and group conferences
with Mr Pierson and Mr. Dodds and others with reference to work m other
nlacps and with reference to North Carolina plans and legislation Mr. Atwood
will be glad to show visitors the locations and plans for new buildmgs and for
the development of the campus and town.
Ghanel Hill Arrangements: Accommodations for delegates will be made m
the University Dormitories and meals provided in Swain Hall. For women visi
tors special provisions will be made in private homes. The charges for University
accommodations will be nominal and as near bare cost as is possible.
Headquarters for the conference will be in PEABODY HALL. Room 3 will
serve as registration headquarters and for committee conferences; Room 4 will
serve as the main conference room; Rooms 12 and 14 may be used as headquar
ters for secretarial work, writing, telephoning, and other needed conveniences.
Other details will be explained by the Committees. u r a i +
IlnlLs trunks are to be cheeked, the best plan will be for delegates to
travel to Durham and take the regular jitney to Chapel Hill reporting at once
to Peabody for assignments. For further information and for special reserva
tions address Howard W. Odum, Chapel Hill, N. C.
COMMITTEE ON PROGRAMS AND MEETINGS
E. C. Branson, Chapel Hill
H. W. Dodds, New York
Gallatin Roberts, Asheville
It is an increase of nearly thirty-eight
millions since 1919 and of fifty-six mil
lions since 1915. During the period of
segregated taxes, state expenditures
have more than trebled.
The second thing to say is, that the
people of California have learned during
these ten years to wring tax moneys
out of the corporations of the state,
and apparently they are minded to do
it more and more remorselessly. The
King tax law of 1921 lays still heavier
burdens upon the corporations, and in
the future they will pay heavier and
still heavier taxes for state support.
True, the constitution provides that
state emergency taxes on an ad val
orem basis may be levied on all pro
perty in California, but no such
taxes have been levied since 1911. When
emergencies arise it is far more agree
able to the feelings of legislators
and constituencies to shove the burden
onto the shoulders of the corporations.
The third thing to say is, that the
industrial development of California is,
distinctly imperiled, and the ptogress
of the state jeopardized. The state is
dominantly an agricultural civilization.
Her agriculture is remarkably varied.
It is abundant and luscious. Almost
every penny of her six hundred millions
of crop products are food products—
fruits, nuts, vegetables, barley, wheat,
hay and forage, and thelike. If her live
stock products be added, the total runs
around twelve hundred dollars a year
per family.
So far California does not bulk big
as a manufacturing state. So, for lack
of coal and steam power all these
years. Fuel oil has given her a start of
late, but it is an uncertain basis for
investors in manufacturing enter
prises. The state needs abundant
hydro-electric power, and at pre
sent barely a sixth of the potential
hydro-electric power of the state has
been developed. The demand calls for
an investment of a hundred millions a
year for ten years in hydro-electric
power plants alone.
If ever the state' moves on up into
vigorous manufacture there will assur
edly be no richer area on earth. When
the world is again at peace and Amer
ica reaches out into the Far East for
her share of trade, California will be
a frontier post, and she needs to be
not a way-station merely but a manu
facturing center as well.
But can she ever hope to be a manu
facturing center, hobbled and crippled
as she now is by her present system of
taxation?
It looks fairly clear that anybody and
everybody who enjoys the protection
and the services of a state and its in
stitutions ought to contribute to the
full limits of his ability in supporting
the state and its enterprises. But once
begun the wrong way it is hard in dem
ocratic communities to change a system
of taxation. And the greater the delay
the greater the difficulty in righting
unwise tax systems.—E. C. B.
2.
Mr. Burke Hobgood of Durham
Mr. W. E. Ritter of Winston-Salem
Tuesday Afternoon, 5:00 o;clock
Illustrated Lecture on Town Planning-Jlr. Mo
Expert, Pittsburg, Penn. Grinnalds City-Planning Engineer,
Discussion of Zoning-Mr. Jeffries C. Grinnalds, c^iry
Baltimore, Maryland
AN IMPORTANT MEETING
One of the most representative and
most effective conventions recently
held in North Carolina was the meet
ing of the North Carolina Association
of County Commissioners held at
Washington on the second Tuesday,
Wednesday, and Thursday of August.
Not only was there a good attendance,
but the interest was keen, discussions
were on a high plane, and there was a
rare enthusiasm broadcast. This en
thusiasm took the form of new ener
gies to make the Association a grow
ing and powerful agency for good,
and for developing high standards of
county government. It is doubtful if a
more upstanding body of men could be
got together in this State. President
W. C. Jones and his co-workers de
serve a vote of thanks for so good a
meeting. Incoming President Patton
may rest assured also that the State
will be with him in making the Asso
ciation even more successful in the
future. With every county a member,
what can they not accomplish?
The University is already planning to
37^.^ I'n'nrt OI01
COMMITTEE ON LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS
Howard W. Odum, Chapel Hill
Miss Hattie Berry
S. H. Hobbs, Chapel Hill
Harold D. Meyer, Chapel Hill
Mrs. C. S. Manning
Mrs. T. J. Wilson
offer its services to the Commissioners
for their meeting next August at Chapel
Hill, and will await the wishes of the
A^ciation. The University and State
Departments of Public Welfare are
now applicants for membership under
the new rules, and it is hoped that all
the State Departments may enroll.
The September Conference at Chapel
Hill this year will serve as a prelimi
nary to the State Conference of the
Commissioners next year.
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