The news in this publi
cation is released for the
press on receipt.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published Weekly by the
University of North Caro
lina for the University Ex
tension Division.
SEPTEMBER 12, 1928
CHAPEL HILL, N. C.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS
VOL. XIV, No. 44
Edilorial Board, E. C. Branaon, S. H. Hobbi. Jr.. P. W. Wager. L. R. Wilson. E. W. Knight. D. D. Carroll. H. W. Odum.
Entered as aecond-claas matter November 14. 1914. at the Poatoffice at Chapel Hill. N. C..
□nder the act of Aaeast 24. 1911,
HUNTING LICENSE RECEIPTS
HUNTING LICENSES
The table which appears elsewhere
shows the amount of state receipts
from hunting licenses by counties for
the season 1927-28, the first year that
such license fees have been collected
in this state. The net receipts from
bunting licenses go to the State De
partment of Conservation and Develop
ment and are used entirely in develop
ing and conserving the game resources
of the state.
Forsyth county collected more in fees
from hunting licenses than any other
county, followed closely by Guilford
county. More than four thousand two
hundred people in Forsyth took out
hunting license for the last season.
Approximately three-fourths of the
licenses issued were resident county,
and one-fourth resident state. Other
counties which took.in large amounts
from hunting licenses were Wake,
Mecklenburg, Pitt, Buncombe, Wilson,
and Durham.
The state total of receipts from hunt
ing licenses was two hundred and four
thousand dollars. More'than one hun
dred and twenty-six thousand people
took out resident county punting licens
es, 11,686 secured resident state licens
es, while only 878 non-resident hunt
ing licenses were issued. Among the
counties issuing a fairly large number
of non-resident hunting|licenses were
Carteret, Chatham, Guilford, and Ran
dolph. The smallj^number of licenses
issued by^Currituckjsurprises us, from
all that we had heard aboutihunting in
Currituck.
In Other States
Hunting and fishiDgJ.Iicenses have
long been a source of state revenue in
practically all of the states. In 1926
there were only three states that did
not report receipts from the issuance of
such licenses. North Carolina was one
of these three. In several states,
many of them with hunting and fishing
resources and possibilities inferior
to those of North Carolina, large
amounts of state revenue have been
received annually from hunting and
fishing licenses. Pennsylvania collects
nearly a million dollars annually from
these sources. New York, California,
and Michigan collect more than a half
million dollars each. Ohio, Illinois,
Wisconsin, Missouri, and Oregon col
lect from three'ibundred thousand to a
half-million dollars each. All told, the
forty-five states issuing hunting and
fishing licenses in 1926 collected more
-than nine million dollars from such
licenses.
North Carolina has marvelous fish
and game resources and possibilities.
With our new state-wide fish and
game law, and our new policy of con
serving and developing our fish and
game resources. North Carolina may
readily become one of the leading hunt
ing and fishing grounds in America.
All we have ever needed in this state
has'been a littie sensible cooperation
with nature, and for the first time in
our history this is being given.
were in the main political, but the
political purpose had th^ support of
town boosters who considered in former
times that a court house and jail were
a valuable asset, whereas they are of
little worth in community progress;
and the hardship of getting to the
county seat in the days when there were
no roads and no automobiles, was a
strong argument for
Changing
THE THING THAT COUNTS
“We are all blind until we see
That in the human plan
Nothing is worth the making if
It daes not make the man."
and one of the first to be started by
any group in this state. Mr. Rhodes,
the secretary-treasurer, was recently
given a leave of absence from his desk
more counties, j at the postoffice in order that he might
conditions have eliminated ' assist in the organbation of other such
practically all the reasons for more
counties and smaller ones except the
political, which was basic. The ques
tion is whether economy and the desire
for more wealth which will give the
residents the things they should have,
can overcome the political urge to
retain jobs for placeholders. It can be
done, l^t it will take time and much
work to create the necessary senti
ment.—R. R. Clark.
SMALL COUNTIES COSTLY
If there are any people in South
Carolina who are thirsting to organize
new counties they should study the
experience of James county, Tennes
see. Some time ago that little county
of less than 6,000 souls got tired of the
heavy expense of keeping up its
separate identity. The taxes were
hurting the farmers, and they sought
relief by getting themselves annexed
to Hamilton county, which contains the
thriving city of Chattanooga.
And what has been the result? Re
cently Farm and Fireside, a New York
publication, printed a striking inter
view with a leading citizen of the de
funct county, who said: “Our tax rate
has been cut from $2.60 to $1.30. We
have eliminated our whole staff of
county officials and are now using the
courthouse as a school. Before the
consolidation we had only one and a
half miles of good roads, while we now
have more than fifty miles of highway
passable all the year round.” He
added that the schools have been great
ly improved and extended.
And Farm and Fireside adds the fol
lowing on its own account:
“James county, by joining with its
neighbor, got rid of its overhead ex
pense in the salaries of county officials
and, with larger funds available, road
building began, and the James countv
farmers were enabled to obtain the
services of an agricultural agent.
Better roads, better crops, and better
schools naturally brought higher valua
tions on farms in the district so that
almost the entire population gained in
wealth.”
That paper goes further and urges
the inhabitants of other small counties
to study the situation and see whether
the'y would not derive advantages from
consolidation with some neighbor
ing county; and it sums up its conclusion
thus:
“No one knows how many needless
sets of county offices and unnecessary
courthouses are keeping farm taxes
high and delaying improvements. Auto
mobiles and telephones nowadays make
a county seat every few miles a sense
less incumbrance upon the public
purse.”
Which suggests'the inquiry whether
it is not about time for some of the
commissioners the reduction of the num- infant counties created in South Caro-
COUNTY CONSOLIDATION
Mr. Lyda, of Buncombe county, who
suggested to the state meeting of county
groups.
Of the 21 new unions recently or
ganized, he secured 19. They are:
Durham postoffice; Seaboard Air Line
Railway clerks of Raleigh; Atlantic
Coast Line clerks, at Wilmington; Wil
mington postoffice; Fayetteville post-
office; Rocky Mount postoffice; Western
Union of Charlotte; Gastonia postoffice;
Asheville postoffice; Hendersonville
postoffice; Southern Railway clerks, at
Charlotte; Statesville postoffiee; Bur
lington postoffice; High Point postoffice;
Winston-Salem postoffice; Wilson post-
office; Greenville postoffice, and New
Bern postoffice. Unions were estab
lished with the Greensboro postoffice
employes and the railway employes at
Hamlet, with other assistance. Other
groups are contemplating joining.
“Just another example of the North
Carolina progress Will Rogers talks
about,” said Mr. Rhodes.
Credit unions are simply banks in
miniature and most essentially are
thrift organizations. They are well-
balanced and are organized under a
state law and the supervision of a state
department within a specific group of
people for the two-fold purpose of sup
plying the members of that group with
a plan of systematic saving and of
making it possible for them to take
care of their own credit problems con
veniently and at a legitimate rate.
The North Carolina Jaw was enacted
in 1916 and is one of the similar laws
operating in 26 other states. Jurisdic
tion for the operation of the Unions in
this state is vested in the State Depart
ment of Agriculture, the movement
having been confined mostly to agri
cultural groups since the enactment of
the law. Miss H. M. Berry is th^State
Credit Union Superintendent, working
under George R. Ross, bead of the
Division of Markets, which will have
the direct charge of all Unions in North
Carolina. Mr. Rhodes has been co
operating closely with these officials.—
News and Observer.
up wholesale. Membership contracts
are being modified to meet the financial
and other economic conditions of the
grower. Notions of arbitrary price
fixing by cooperative organizations
have been abandoned in favor of ef
ficient busine.ss practices. Cooperative
managers, directors, and leading grow
ers, instead of merely admiring the
beauties of cooperation, are thinking
of its problems—financing, selling, man
agement, better grading and standard
ization, and getting a product of uni
form quality to market. They are think
ing of ways by which cooperative busi
ness can be made efficient and are giving
attention to better balanced production
programs. The associations are grow
ing in experience, in financial strength,
and in the confidence of their members.
Generally, they are getting on a better
business basis. ”
000 kilowatt-hours for June. This
amount increases considerably during
periods of small rainfall and con
sequently small stream flow.
For the United States for the month
of June only 40 percent of the electric
power produced by public-utility power
plants was produced by water power.
For North Carolina 96 percent of such
electric power was produced by water
power.
ber of counties in the state from 100 to
60 or 60, as a matter of economy and
basiness efficiency, may be a little in
advance but he is offering a sound and
sensible business proposition that may
eventually find support. Political and
sentimental influence will be strong in
opposition, especially the political.
Also the matter of adjustment in case
of consolidation, such as the proper
place for the location of the county
buildings in the territory combined,
will suggest obstacles to strengthen
the opposition of the county office
holders, who will view with alarm the
proposal to deprive them of their
living. But there are a number of
small and poor counties in the state
that are unable to meet expense neces
sary for the maintenance of modern
Schools, improved roads and other
things that the people should have
without imposing impossible burdens
on the taxpayers. The only remedy is
consolidation, even as school districts
have been consolidated for similar
reasons. The reasons for the multi
plication of North Carolina counties
lina since the beginning of the century
to take their first steps toward going
home tomother?-The State, Columbia,
South Carolina.
NORTH CAROLINA LEADS
Due to the efforts of H, M. Rhodes,
secretary-treasurer of the Raleigh
Postal Credit Union, North Carolina was
the first state to organize its quota of
20 new credit unions during March and
April, according to an announcement
from the Credit Union Extension Bu
reau, of Boston, Mass.
This bureau, financed by Edward A.
Filene as a public service from which
he receives no return, has been pro
moting the credit union idea for sever
al years. Recently it launched an
expansion campaign calling for 20 new
unions in each of 20 states that have
credit union laws. North Carolina was
the first over and was followed by
Massachusetts, Georgia, and Missouri.
The Raleigh Postal Credit Union was
one of the first of such organizations
to be established by postal employes
LAYING SOLID FOUNDATION
The “ballyhoo” days of agricultural
cooperation have passed. No longer is
the “sign ’em up” campaign the chief
aim of farmer business organization.
Agricultural cooperation today, says
Chris L. Christensen, of the United
States Department of Agriculture, is
emphasizing better marketing services
and increased business efficiency.
Three distinct phases of agricultural
cooperation since 1905 are cited by Mr.
Christensen, who is in charge of the
Division of Cooperative Marketing in
the Bureau of Agricultural Economics.
In the 15 years from 1906 to 1920, he
say s, large gains were made in the num
ber of farmers’ elevators, livestock sliip-
ping associations, cooperative creamer
ies, fruit-packing associations fluid-
milk organizations, and the like. These
were typically localyin nature and rel
atively small in annual overturn. They
were designed to perform the first
stages of the marketing process.
From 1918 to 1926 the formation of
large scale marketing organizations was
a striking feature of cooperative devel
opment. Some of these attempted the
performance of more advanced stages
of the marketing process, even going
into terminal market operations.
Others attempted regional pools, large
in volume and in the area covered.
Still others sought to improve market
ing services and promote payment of
differentials for quality, standardiza
tion of reliable products, and study of
and response to consumer prefjsrences.
A feature of this growth was the prev
alence of “ironclad” and long-term
contracts providing heavy penalties for
selling outside the pool. Some of these
organizations have failed, others have
modified their practices.
“Members of present-day organiza
tions,” Mr. Christensen says, ‘aie be
ing selected rather than merely signed-
PUBLIC-UTILITY POWER
North Carolina ranks second among
the states in the production of electric
power by public-utility power plants by
water power, according to a recent |
report by the United ytates Geological ‘
Survey. Only New York with her'
Niagara Falls ranks ahead of North
Carolina in this respect. The survey
shows the amount of public-utility power
produced by water power and by fuel
for the months of April, May, and June,
1928. The production by means of
water power for North Carolina for
these three months was: April 143,-
609,000 kilowatt-hours, May 176,827,-
000 kilowatt-hours, and June 168,362,-
000 kilowatt-hours. New York’s pro
duction for June was 476,746,000 kilo-1
watt-hours. Ranking after North
Carolina come Alabama, South Caro
lina, and Maryland.
Only a very small proportion of the
electric power produced by public-utility
power plants in North Carolina is pro
duced by fuel, the amount being 6,606,-
TOBACCO INDUSTRY GROWS
Cigarettes and cigars manufactured
in North Carolina during 1927 were
valued at eighty million dollars more
than those manufactured in 1926, ac
cording to figures from the 1927 census
of manufactures announced yesterday
by Wade H. Phillips^ director of the
Department of Conservation and
Development. Cigarettes aijd cigars
manufactured last year were valued at
$392,000,000, as compared with $312,-
000,000 in 1925.
The, manufacture of chewing and
smoking tobacco and snuff showed a
decrease almost as large as the increase
in the cigars and cigarettes. About
one-third less establishments reported
during 1927, and the amount of wages
paid and the value added by manufacture
also decreased about one-third. This
division of the tobacco industry re
ported twenty-five percent less wage
earners employed than during the year
1926, a twenty percent decrease in ex
penditures for material and thirty per
cent less in value of products produced.
The number of cigarette and cigar
manufacturing establishments increased
by twenty-five percent during the two-
year period. Almost one thousand
workers were added to the payrolls
with an increase of more than a million
in wages paid out during the last cen
sus year over the preceding one.
Thirteen million dollars more were
paid out for materials and power in
1927 than in 1926.
The Federal census for 1927 is being
made this year through the cooperation
of the State Department of Conserva
tion and Development.
RECEIPTS FROM HUNTING LICENSES
For the Season 1927-28
/
The following table, based on Conservation and Industry, shows the amount
received by the state Department of Conservation and Development from hunt
ing licenses for the season 1927-28. This income is all used in further develop
ing the game resources of the state.
Forsyth leads with a contribution of $8,469.00 from hunting licenses. Dare
is lowest with only $84.00.
For the season a total of 126,035 resident county, 11,686 resident state, and
878 non resident hunting licenses were issued. The grand total income from
hunting licensus was $204,000.00.
Department of Rural Social-Economics, University of North Carolina
County Receipts
Alamance $3,141
Alexander 624
Alleghany 421
Anson 1,747
Ashe 962'
Avery 376
Beaufort 3,076
Bertie 8,644
Bladen 974
Brunswick 828
Buncombe 6,667
Burke 484
Cabarrus 2,649
Caldwell 1,040
Camden 870
Carteret 3,034
Caswell 979
Chatham 2,927
Catawba 2,629
Cherokee 1,362
Chowan 779
Clay 250
Cleveland 2,309
Columbus 2,690
Craven 3,806
Cumberland 1,909
Currituck 1,148
Dare 84
Davidson 3,912
Davie 1,314
Duplin 2,639
Durham 4,186
Edgecombe 2,083
Forsyth 8,469
Franklin 1,733
Gates 1,067
Gaston 2,760
Graham 686
Granville 1,680
Greene 1,337
Guilford 7,831
Halifax 4,128
Harnett 1,874
Haywood 1,200
Henderson 1,074
Hertford 1,866
Hoke 297
Hyde 628
Iredell 2,340
Jackson 1,1Q4
County Receipts
Johnston 3,712
Jones 840
Lee 1,232
Lenoir 3,192
Lincoln 1,309
Macon 019
Madison 432
Martin 2,427
McDowell 1,474
Mecklenburg 6,927
Mitchell 209
Montgomery 769
Moore 263
Nash 4,721
New Hanover 3,080
Northampton 1,936
Onslow 1,658
Orange 1,817
Pamlico 713
Pasquotank 1,626
Pender 934
Perquimans 979
Person 1,208
Pitt 4,869
Polk 678
Randolph 2,587
Richmond 1,762
Robeson 2,868
Rockingham 3,047
Rowan 13,109
Rutherford.../. 1,499
Sampson 1,4X9
Scotland 834
Stanly 2,612
Stokes 1,216
Surry 2,199
Swain 619
Transylvania 228
Tyrrell 277
Union 1,716
Vance 1,617
Wake 6,799
Warren 1,395
Washington 1,053
Watauga 849
Wayne 3,350
Wilkes 1,677
Wilson 4,228
Yadkin ' 727
Yancey 463