Book describes new curriculum
/Continued from page 1)
medical education responsive to these
pressures for change," Gifford points out.
Clinical experience earlier
Under the revised Duke system, which
has been studied by many other schools,
medical students spend their first year-
taking basic science courses and then as
sophomores begin training on the wards
in medicine, surgery, obstetrics and
gynecology, pediatrics and psychiatry.
The third and fourth years are given
over to elective courses, equally divided
between basic science and clinical subjects
in accordance with each student's career
goals.
The new curriculum not only allowed
students to have contact with patients a
year earlier, but also afforded them the
opportunity to delve more deeply into
those disciplines that would likely become
part of their lives' work.
Preparation for self-education
The goal of supplying students in four
years with knowledge sufficient to
support 35 future years of medical
practice was abandoned in favor of more
limited objectives, according to Anlyan,
who wrote the concluding chapter.
Instead, efforts were directed toward
familiarizing each student with the
language of biomedicine, providing a core
base of biomedical knowledge, learning
how to apply problem-solving techniques
to health and medical problems and
embuing students with the need for a life
long process of self-education
The book, which is intended primarily
for medical educators, contains 30
chapters and is divided into five parts.
The first section discusses the history of
the new curriculum and medical school
admission.
Subsequent sections describe how the
basic and clinical science departments
implemented and were affected by the
new format, how special study and
combined degree programs were
established and how the innovation
affected students.
‘-i,
DESCRIBES INNOVATIONS—"Undergraduate Medical Education and the Elective System"
contains a collection of articles describing Duke's experience with a radically redesigned medical
curriculum. The book was just published by Duke University Press. (Photo by John Becton)
These tips can help you take what winter dishes out
Winter driving is especially hard on you
and your car. To make it a little easier for
both of you, the National Safety Council's
Committee on Winter Driving Hazards
has come up with these tips, all tested
under actual winter conditions.
Before the temperature drops, get your
car ready. The first step is to check the
battery. The colder the weather, the
weaker a battery becomes and the more
likely it won't respond when needed.
If you add water during freezing
weather, drive your car several miles
afterwards so the water and electrolyte
will mix and prevent freeze damage.
Wash with baking soda
The most frequent cause of winter no
starts is loose or corroded battery cable
clamps.
You can neutrahze corrosion by
washing the clamps and battery posts
with a mixture of baking soda and water,
but be sure the caps are on tight so the
soda solution won't contaminate the
electrolyte.
Have fluid levels checked throughout
the car — transmission, differential,
power steering, radiator, windshield
washer. Have your antifreeze tested.
For easier starts, change to a winter-
weight oil, unless you use a multi
viscosity type.
Check exhaust system
Have the entire exhaust system
checked for leaks. Carbon monoxide from
a faulty exhaust can be deadly.
Whenever you notice a change in sound
of the exhaust or a smell of fumes inside
the car, or if the underside of the car has
been damaged, have a mechanic inspect
the entire system for leaks.
Tire condition critical
Tlie type and condition of your tires are
critical to safe winter driving.
Have you heard that reducing air
pressure increases traction on slick or
snowy surfaces? Not so—it doesn't
improve traction significantly, it only
increases tire wear.
Regular tires should have enough tread
to get a good bite on snow or ice.
Snow tires are an advantage if you
drive a lot on snowy roads. They should
be of the same size and construction as
the front tires.
Reinforced tire chains provide the most
traction for severe snow and ice
conditions — more than three times
better than regular tires without chains
on loosely packed snow and six times
better on glare ice.
Just because snow tires and chains are
great for starting your car doesn't meant
they're as helpful in stopping it.
Even tire chains, which do the best job
of stopping a car in winter conditions,
provide only a 37 percent reduction of
stopping distance on snow and a 50
percent reduction on ice. So don't think
that if you have snow tires or chains, you
can drive as fast in winter as you do in
summer.
Don't fill trunk
Filling your trunk with sandbags is not
a good way to increase traction.
A small amount of extra traction can be
gained by putting extra weight over the
rear axle. However, most car trunks are
well behind the rear axle, and adding
extra weight behind the axle can reduce
overall control by lessening the load on
the front wheels. This cuts steering
control substantially.
Radial tires do not eliminate the need
for snow tires. Also, it's unsafe to mix
regular snow tires with radials.
The driving characteristics of radial
tires are different from those of bias-ply
or bias-belted types, and mixing types
increases the risk of slipping and skidding.
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Oct. 20-27, 1978
The Medical Center Calendar lists lectures, symposia and other activities of interest to faculty, staff and students. Notices should be sent to Box 3 3 54 no later
than one week prior to publication. If last minute scheduling makes it impossible to send a written notice in time, please call 684-4148.
Friday, Oct. 20
12:30 p.m.
1 p.m.
5 p.m.
Monday, Oct.
12 noon
Biochemistry Seminar. Dr. John Richardson, Dept, of Chemistry, Indiana University, "The Involvement of Rho Factor in
RNA Synthesis Termination." Rm 147, Nanline H. Duke Bldg. Coffee at 12:15 in the lobby.
Network for Continuing Medical Education (NCME). Four-part program on automobile casualties: "Management
Priorities," "The Patient with Respiratory Problems," "The Patient in Hemorrhagic Shock " and "The Patient with Head
and/or Spinal Injuries." View In Rm M406 at Duke and Rms D3008, C6002 and C7002 and Bldg 16 at the VA Hospital.
(Previous NCME programs have been catalogued in the Medical Center Library and are available for viewing there.)
Symposium on Screening and Health Maintenance. Dr. Paul Frame, clinical instructor in family medicine, Univ. of Rochester
School of Medicine, "Controversies in Adult Screening," Family Medicine Center, 407 Crutchfield St.
23
Pathology Research Conference. Drs. Tischer and LeFurgey,'
the Epithelial Surface of Toad Urinary Bladder," Rm M204.
Morphologic Evaluation of Vasopressin Induced Changes in
Tuesday, Oct. 24
4 p.m.
Wednesday, Oct.
1 p.m.
4 p.m.
Cell Biology Seminar, sponsored by Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology. Dr. Anthony Bretscher, Max-Plank Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen, West Germany, "Microfilament Organization and Membrane Attachment in the
Brush Border: Viliin, a New Microfilament Associated Protein from the Microvillus," Rm 143, Jones Bldg.
NCME. See Fri., Oct. 20, for programs and viewing areas.
Special seminar sponsored jointly by Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Medicine. Dr. S.
Victor Perry, professor and chairman, Dept, of Biochemistry, Univ. of Birmingham, England, "Gene Expression and Cell
Types of Striated Muscle," Rm. 147, Nanaline H. Duke Bldg. Coffee at 3:45 in the lobby.
25