February 17, 1976
- h\—
StentoegerAuMonum
FRANCOIS TRUFFAUT'S
JUUSandJiH
JEANNE MOREAU
OSKAR WERNER
Although Truffaut evokes the romantic nos
talgia before World War I, JULES AND JIM
exquisitely illuminates a modern woman.
Kathe, amoral and classically beautiful, loves
two fraternal friends and must have them
both even if she must die to do so. For
her, no commitment is forever and only
death is final. Joyously realized and vitally
acted by Moreau, Werner, and Serre, the
film established Truffaut as the leader of
French New Wave directors.
"Truffaut's finest film"
LE MONDE, PARIS
"Charming, exciting, lively, and spicy"
NEW YORK TIMES
"Will rank among the great lyric
achievements of the screen"
PAULINE KAEL, I LOST IT AT THE MOVIES .
Continued on Page 3
come in big numbers to live in
the slums, and work for the
whites. They speak the old
Indian language, Quechua,
and since they aren't of the
capitalist nature, and badly
educated, people exploit them
easily.
The middle class is mestizo
(mixture of Europeans and
Indians). They live mostly in
Lima. New York is the biggest
thing they aspire to. So some
do come here to study, and
actually stay around, attracted
by the salaries offered the
states. Back home they
manage the country in a
parental style, with the
Americans.
The tiny number of
American businessmen came
to Lima to make a profit. The
investment is very big. They
are practically minded. They
think of interests and
percentages things that
most Peruvians do not
understand much of.
When Americans talk to the
Indians, the Americans hold
their heads up, the Indians
decline theirs. It is like a
custom.
Peru's industry is extractive
and agricultural in nature.
There is little oil, some
copper, and a lot of fish,
cotton and sugar. (Please look
for Peruvian gold in Spanish
museums). The land is dear to
the people. "*amapacha"
-Mother-earth, they call it.
During the Empire period
(1300 to 1530 a.c.), they
worked it in a socialist way, in
communities. Then the con
querors came, and took the
land away, converting them
into huge Haciendas. Today,
both exist. Haciendas are
thousands of acres in size,
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much of it is mis-used; the
communal lands are miserably
small, and all of it is
over-used, but still insufficient
to feed the crowded Indian
communities. (That's why
they come to the cities).
The history of Peru is filled
with little romantic wars. The
"caudillo" Pancho Villa
type- rode their horses and
fought until they were
knocked off and killed. They
were silly wars; frontier
problems, driven by the pride
of nationalism. In the war with
Chile, Peru had one little ship,
and a brave admiral. Chile had
dozens of them. The war on
the sea lasted for as long as he
lasted. It was surprisingly
long, I tell you.
When these caudillos settl
ed down and governed, they
were quite greedy. They
managed to get rich and fat,
and corrupt, too.
One of the best Peruvian
writers was a communist. He
*went to Paris (France is Latin
America's cultural center) to
study, and he wrote about
Agrarian Reform and other
things back to Lima the
horrible, things that others
didn't dare to write. One of
the best poets went to live in
Paris also. He wrote Peru's
best poems in Paris, and died
in Paris. Today most of our
best writers live in Paris. One
of them came back to write a
novel, and returned. They
probably will die in Paris.
Then capitalism grew and
Peru entered the world market
proudly with its products.
Pushed by the main-stream
flow of the industrialized
countries, Peru followed. Lima
was invaded by foreign
products, the city was
pleasantly surprised, by the
The GuilfordUm
power of money, and human
initiative. But it did not wake
up to the reality of
creativeness, only to end up
with a big debt which might
kill the hopes for the future.
The socialist element is big.
"APRA" is a powerful
community party. Some guer
rillas in the jungle offered
their lives to deaf ears. The
disorganized miner and pea
sant uprisings ammounted to
about nothing. In the cities the
students went on strikes
hoping to influence decision
making. While I am studying
here, my friends are doing
exactly that. They march, get
caught, sleep in prison, ard
are released afterwards.
The military element is big.
The caudillos came from
there. The U.S. backs it up
with advisors and training,
and a lot of aid.
Into this dead atmosphere,
came the overthrow of
Belaunde in 1968. Belaunde
was an engineer busy building
highways. Nobody was killed
in the coup. Nothing happens
in quiet Lima.
But wait! The military had a
lot of surprises. It started a
vast Agrarian Reform, natio
nalized some big American
Companies, expropriated
many industries, and reform
ed a lot of laws concerning
basic infrastructures. It does it
in the name of "Peruvians",
as if "Peruvians" were one
thing (instead of Indians, the
middle class, or aristocracy...)
"Peru" is now the big thing
in Peru. Now Indian culture is
being revived. Everyone
wants to speak Quechua.
Everyone wants to put on
military uniforms too. "Peru"
become vanguard of the third
world countries in their
Continued from Page 3
be his most recent lecture
topic. Believe it or not, Mr.
Kamara definitely has up-to
date and reliable information
about this crisis.
Angola is a young African
state bordering the Republic
of South Africa. This country
was under the Portugese rule
for over two centuries. The
Portugese government very
unceremoniously withdrew its
power last November. The
three liberation groups that
forced the Portugese out failed
to coalesce into a single
government. And then what?
The U.S.A., the U.S.S.R., the
Republic of South Africa,
China, and South Africa
moved in and accentuated the
mess.
The three liberation move-
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defiance of the big U.S. It
makes uncompromising
speeches in the General
Assembly, and conferences
formerly held in Algiers are
held in Lima.
Lima is not quiet now. No
matter how bad the govern
ment may become, the Indian
consciousness has arisen. The
proud, Inca sensitivity in
them, buried for centuries,
wants to stand up and express
itself. Recently I saw Indians
speaking to Americans with
raised head. (How indecent!)
I left the country when they
were singing strangely styled
ments groups- MPLA (Popular
Movement of Liberation of
Angola), FNLA (National
Front for Liberation of
Angola), and UNITA (National
Union for Total Independence
of Angola) - were supported
by USSR. USA, and South
Africa respectively. Britain
has also had a share in this
crisis. Mercenaries from
Britain were supporting the
FNLA and UNITA against the
popular group MPLA.
Mr. Kamara has the details.
If you are interested in affairs
of an international flavor like
this one, spare yourself 1/
hours on Monday, February
23, 1976 to listen and learn
about the Angolan situation -
another situation that brought
the big powers to confronta
tion.
songs. Songs about "people"
and "brotherhood" won
prizes in festivals. "I have so
many brothers, they cannot be
counted..." It was a lot of fun,
and of course, with Allende
around...
Will 1 hear those sons
when 1 go back? God knows.
One thing I'm sure is this: if
they are going to rise, they
will have to do it. "The liberty
of a people is its right to
history, but history like liberty
only belongs to those who
have conquered it." So good
luck! (The quote is from Roger
Paret).
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