Kssai
VOL. III.
OXFOED, N. C., WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 22, 1877.
NO. 34.
TMIG PAlIl*J3i£’S GKAVE.
5To sable pall, no waving plume,
tliousainl toreliliglits to illume j
No parting glance, no lieavy tear
Is, seen to tall upon the bier.
Tliere is not one of kindred clay
To watch the coltin on it.s way;
No mortal form, no human breast
dares where the pauper’s bones may
rest.
But one deep mourner follows there,
Whose grief outlives the funer.al prayer;
He does not .sigli—he l0(!S not weep,
But will not leave the fresh-piled heap.
’Tis he wlio wms the poor man’s nnate.
And made him more content with fate;
The mongrel dog that shared his crust.
Is alHhat stands beside his dust.
He ben(>s Ifis listening head, as though
He thought to hear a voice below;
He ]>ines to miss that voice so kind,
.Vnd wonders why he’s left behind.
The sun goes dowii, the night is come;
He needs no food—ho seeks no home;
But, stretchexl upon the dreamless bed,
AVith doleful howl calls back the dead.
The passing gaze may coldly dwell
On all that polish’d marbles tell;
Bor temples built on cJiurchyard earth.
Are claimed by riches more than worth.
But who would mark with uudimm’d
eyes
The mourning dog that Starves and
dies ?
AVho would not ask; who would not
crave
Shell love and faith,to guard his grave ?
—/'Vunfc Jje-sKe'i Sunday Mayasiine.
PAESEAl'l'S tIEI.PIKG CUlIiDKEA'
liv study;
We teacliers feel that the aid
tvhlch pafenls will persist in giv
ing to their children at home is a
grout liindranee to their improve
ment, and, consequentl5A a great
injustice done to ns. The teaciior,
for instance, gives a pupil a les
son consisting of questions on tlie
map. lie wishes liim to look for
the answers himself, and, by
habit, to gain facility in finding
places. The child, if he cannot
find a place immediately^, asks the
parent to find it for him. He
complies I \Yhon, if he had refus
ed, the child would have found it
by himself after a time, _ and,
while looking for the particular
place, would have gained a gen
eral knowledge of the situation of
places on the map which would
liave been useful at other times.
He would also have been forming
the habit of self-dependence.
Take another case. A teacher,
after ho has, in the fclssss, explain
ed a certain rule in arithmetic,
and made the pupils perform ex
amples undUr tliat rule, till the
process has become familiar, gives
them some examples to be done
out of class. A pupil carelessly
makes mistakes in doing them.
The teacher would tell him to
look till he found his mistake and
correct it. This would be a good
mental discipline. Ho takes the
example to his parent, wha finds
the mistake for him, and thus
encourages useless habits.
Again, in arithmetic and alge-
bva, pro.bJenj.s are often given,
concerning which there are, no
particular directions in the book,
but the benefit of which consists
in the thought which the pupil is
obliged to ei^ercise in regard to
the hiaiine!,’ iu whiph thu}^ are to
he solved. In svioh a case, if the
parent tells hina how to do them,
do.es he not injure his child,?.
Who, then, has, reason to, com
plain,—the parent or the teacher,
whose efforts to discipline the
wind of the pupil are rendered
unavailing by the interference of
the parent? But the parent will
reply, •* If I do not assist luy
child, he will lose liis marks or
his standing in the class.” If ymu
have committed the training of
your child to a judicious teacher,
he will not make him lose credit
because, after having worked a
sufficient time over a problem, he
has not been able to solve it. He
will reward him for the effort,
whether that effort is successful
or not. If the pupil has made a
mistake through carelessness,mak-
ing him lose his marks will be the
best way to make him more care
ful another time.
In studies which are not math
ematical, it will often happen that,
in a new lesson, there is some
thing which a child cannot un
derstand. In such a, case the
judicious teacher will not blame
the child for not being able to
recite that particular paragraph,
but will explain it to him, and
the explanations thus given help
to make the recitation interesting.
Again, how inany^ parents help
their children in writing compo
sitions ; thus, not only- preventing
them from strengthening the
powers of their own minds by
exercise, but teaching them Xoinj
to deceive their teachers. I say
tryy for the experienced teacher
will not often be deceived. If he
is judicious; he will give the pupil
no credit for what he has done
with the assistance of another,
but will rewArd him for his own
exertions, however many- faults
there may be in his stvle. The
object is, not to have a well-
written essay copied by^ the pupil,
but to teach him to express his
own thoughts with facility.
But it may' be said that all
teachers are not judicious in re
gard to this thing. Then let the
parent send his child to one who
is; and, even if tliis is impossible,
would it not be better to let him
lose his marks or las standing in
the class than to let him lose the
benefits of proper mental discip
line ?
I hope that what I have said
may' lead some thoughtful parents
to a different course from that
which they' have pursued, and I
think they will find that their
children will have their powers
of mind more thoroughly educa
ted (dravVn out) than by the
former method.—An Experienced
Teacher, in N. Y. Observer.
SAY WEIit, AYD DO WEEE.
In closing a sermoU on “ Good
Works and Good Words,” Dean
Stanley, of Westminster, quoted
the following lines, which some
suppose wore written by one of
the earliest deans of Westminster :
“ Say \vetl' is-good, but do vveti is better;
Do, tyell seeina the spirit, say well is the let
ter ;
Say well is goodly, and helps to please ;
tint do well is godly, and gives the world
ease ;
Say v;eU to silence sometimes is hound,
liut do, well is free on every ground.
S.a,y well has friends—some hero, some there,
But do well IS welcome everywhere.
By say well many to God’s Word oieavo ;
But for lack of do well it often Icavo.
If say w'oll and do well were bouudi iU' on.e-
frame.
Then all were done,, ail were woij^ arid got
ten. were gain.”
TJIE FIU8T PHOTOUKAPllEK.
It is not to Niepce de St. Victor that
the citizens of Chalonisur-Saone (a
town, by the way, not to be mistaken
for Chalons in the Champagne coun
try) are about to erect a statue, but to
his uncle, Josepth Nicephore Niepce,
wlio might as well be distinguished as
the first jihotograplrer, since he it w'as
who succeeded first of all in fixing an
image in the camera. In a Life of
Nieepliore Niepce, recently irublished
by Victor Foque, appiear letters which
leave little doubt that in May, 181C,
Niepce had accomjilished the feat of
fixing shadows in the camera, for in
communication of that date to his
brother he incloses four photographs,
of which he says; “ Tlie pigeon-house
is reversed on the i)ictures, the barn,
being to the left, instead of tlie riglit.
Tlie white mass whieli you pierceive to
the right of the iiigeon-house, and
wliicli appears somewhat confused, is
the refiectiou upion tlie paper of the
pear-tree, and the black spot near the
summit is an oiieniiig between the
brandies of the trees. The sliadow on
the riglit indicates the roof of the bake
house.” This, then, is a description of
the first camera pricturo ever taken,
and it was by reason of Niepce’s ina
bility to prevent his impressions from
fading after lapse of time that lie turn
ed ids attention to the bitumen of Ju
dea pnocess, with which he piroduoed
pliotograpihs as early as 1824, one or
two spieciraelis being still among the
science treasures of the Briti.sli Muse
um. The name of Nicepiliore Nlepice is
little known in England. And yet this
should not be. As is well known, he
came to this country in 1827, and re
sided at Kew in the liopie to receive
aid and encouragement, and shortly
afterward, on ids return to France, en
tered into piartiiershipi with Daguerre,
to work out togetlier a more piractical
pirocess. AVheu Daguerre made known
his discovery in 1839, his piartnor liad
been dead two years, and no mention
was made of Niepice at tlie time Arago
iiiade%lds famous spieecli announcing
tlie discovery of tlie Da-guerrotypie.
Spieciiiieiis of the wonderful pirocess
were not long in reacldiigtids country,
a.iid tlie first piioturc was placed in
Faraday’s hands with the remark that
lie liad never seen anything lil;e. it be
fore. But Faraday said he had. A
Frencliman, h e remembered, had
brouglit him a piicture of Kew Clinrch
a dozen years ago, with tlie quaint re
mark tliat “ tlie sun liad done it.”
Faraday was so certain of this tliat in
quiries were at once instituted into the
iii.attor, and in the end a communica
tion was addressed by the ISe-cretary of
the Itoyai Society, Mr. Bauer, to tlie
Academie at Paris, a communication
wliioli helped materially to substanti
ate the claim of tlie Niepice familj', and
to obtain for the son, Isidore, a piension
in ackiiowledgcmeiit of the father’s
services. The deed of piartiiershipi be
tween Niepce and Daguerre is still ex
tant, but iiow mucli of the latter’s pub
lished results were due to his dead
partner the world will never kuow.-
Nature.
now IMAKBEES ARE MADE.
A vonerable Clulstian in Cfin-
aectiout,. aged iiinety-tw(\ o-p-
poses, pipe organa because he does,
‘‘pot believe in pumping prai,s.e
up to God.” It is also understood
that he objects to lightning-rods,
because they “pull thunder down
Irow heaven,”
There is something very inge
nious in the manufacture of mar
bles. The greater part of them,
are made of a hard stone found
near Ceburg, in Saxony. The
stone is first broken with a ham
mer into small cubical fragments,
and about a hundred or a hun
dred and fifty of these are ground
at one time in a mill, sometliing
like a flour-mill.. The lower stone;
■which remains at rest,, has sev
eral concentric cirevdar grooves;
the upper stone is of the same
diameter as the lower, and is
made to, revolve by water or wind
power. Minute streams of water
are directed into the furrows of
the lower stone. The little pieces
are made to roll about in all di
rections, and in a quarter of an
hour the whole of the rough
fragments are reduced Into nearly
. accurate spheres.
WHO WAS CASABIANCAI
StIDSTTTETE EOlt STOiVES ‘liV
PKIIVTSAG.
Owen Casablanca was a native
of Corsica, on which island he
was born in the year 1788. His
father was Louis Casabianca, a
distinguished French politician
and naval commander, and the
friend of Nauoleon. He Avas
captain at this time of the Orient,
one of the largest vessels in the
French navy, a magnificent ship-
of-war, carrying 120 guns and
500 seamen. Of Casabianca’s
mother, we know little, save that
she was a young and beautiful
Corsican lady, and devotedly at
tached to her son. Owen was
her only child, a handsome, man
ly little fellow, with her beauty
in his flashing eyes and dusky
hair. She died while he Avas
yet quite young, and when the
green sod Avas placed over lier
grave, the boy left the pleasant
valley under the smiling hills of
Corsica to go Avith his father and
tread the dark deck of a war ves
sel. Mere child as he Avas, Cas
abianca soon grew to love Ins
father’s dangerous calling, and
became a favorite with all on
board. He Avas made midship
man, and at the early age of ten
years participated with his father
in the battle of the Nile. Soon
after, Captain Casibianca, the
father, was Avoiinded by a musket
ball. Not yet disabled, he was
struck in the head some minutes
later by a splinter, which laid
liim upon the deck insensible,
liis gallant son, unconscious of
the chieftain’s doom, still held his
post at the battery, where he
Avorked like the hero he Avas. He
SQAv the flames raging around
him; he saw the ship’s creAv de
serting him one by one, and the
boy Avas urged to flee. With
courage and coolness beyond his
years, he refused to desert his
post. Worthy son of Louis Cas
abianca, he fought on and never
abandoned the Client till the
whole of the immense vessel Avas
in flames. Then seeking refuge
on a floating mast, he left the
burning ship behind him. But
he was too late. The final catas
trophe came like the judgment
doom. With an explosion so
tremendous that every ship felt it
to the bottom, the Orient blew
up, and from among the Avreck
the next morning Avas picked up
the dead, mangled body of the
young hero, Avhose story, romance
and poetry cannot make more
heroic than it was.—Youth's, Com
panion.
A very little boy had one day
done Avrong, and was .sent, after
paternal correction, to ask in se
cret the forgiveness of his heaven
ly Father. His offense was pas
sion. Anxious to hear Avhat he
Avould say, his mother folloAved
to the- dioor- of his room. In lisping
accents she heard him aslc to be
mpde better; never to be angry
again; and then, with childlike
simplicity, he added, “Lordl make
ma’s temper better tool
A carrier-pigeon, carrying a
message to the French Ambassa
dor in London, won a race against
a train going sixty miles an hour
The bird was llbemted as soon
as the steamer reached Hover,
Avhence it fleAv to its dovecot in
Loudon, seventy miles in sixty
minutes.
The name of stenochromy is
given to a noAv process of color
printing, described in one of tlie
London scienlific journals and
which consists in producing pic
tures composed of many different
colors by one impre.ssion, on pa
per. Instead of stones, as is prac
tised in mosaic Avorks, cakes of
color are substituted, the colors
being so compounded that, Avlieu
moist paper is pressed upon them
they yield a print in kind. The
colors are originally prepared
and used in a liquid state, but
are of such a character that they
rapidly solidify. A little of the
color is poured on a flat slab into
a sort of little cell, or compart
ment, formed by slips of metal
standing edgeAvise on the slab.
As soon as this has become solid,
the slips are removed and the lit
tle mass of color pared aAvay to
the outline required—say the
form of Ja green leaf; the next
color is similarly applied, and cut,
say to the form of a rose leaf,—
then the next to that,—and soon,
until the picture .thus is built up,
])ieoe by piece, in different colors.
The paring aAvay is done by a
vertical knife fixed in a frame, so
that it can be moved sideways in
any direction, but all its cuts are
perfectly vertical. From this
compound block the picture is
printed in a press like that used
the lithography.
A young lady in NeAvton coun
ty, Ga., is possessed by a strange
monomania. She fancies herself
a baby, and has not spoken a
word in three years, although her
po wersofeonversation used to be of
more than ordinary average. Not
withstanding this absurd halluci
nation, she is inconsistent enough
to read and write letters.
—A mother having occasion to
reprove her little daughter for
playing Avith some rude children,
received the reph', “ Well, ina,
some folks don’t like bad com
pany, but I ahvays did.”
In giving a geography lesson
doAvn East, a teacher asked a boy
Avhat state be lived in, and Avas
amused at the reply, dravvled
through the boy’s nose, “A state
of sin and misery.”
—The daughter of Aicbbishop
Whately has a school of four hun
dred boys and girls in Cairo,
Egypt-
—A proud and dev-otod Avife,
whose husband had got a job on
a cellar excavation, explained his
absence by saying be had gone
to Wheeling.
—The ai'tosian well in Charles
ton, S. C., has been bored to the
depth of 1,450 feet and no Avater
obtained. They intend to have
it if they have to bore through to
China.
“It is well to leave something
for those who come after us,” as
a man said when he tlireAv a bar
rel in the Avay of a constable Avho-
was chasing him.
“■Are those soaps all one scent?'*
inquired a lady of a juvenile sales
man. “No, ma’am, they are all
ten cents,” replied the innocent
youngster..