PA'GE FOUR
EDITORIALS
OUR HAZARDOUS HIGHWAYS
In the month of August alon*‘ (ill) auto*
mobilo flrivjfi's in N’ortli ('a)u!ina liad llu*ir
licoTisps rovokf'd, nir)re that: httlf of tlo-ni
for driving while* intoxicated. AtfounW
of fatalities in automobile accidents figure
prominently in the daily news colua’.t.s,
and especially on Mondttys. The automo
bile is n»)t an unniixerl blessiiiif of the
twentieth century, and tlie coinl)ination of
a tlrunken driver and a car ctipaldo of the
modern rate of speed in definitely a cur.se.
One who is entirely out of sympathy
with the philosopsy of the prohibitionist.s
mi^ht well be moved to advocate the re
turn of prohibition, except for the realiza
tion of the fact that prohibition did not
appreciably reduce the consumption of al
cohol or drunken drivinj', but instead add
ed other evils to those already existing.
Many highway accidents today are at
tributable to the end of ^usoline rationing
wlijle old and defective cars with worn
out tires are more plentiful than ever.
That condition will gradually be improv
ed; but even so there will still be too
many accidont.s and falalitie.s.
The thing that will do mo.si to reduce
highway accidents is a liigher appreci
ation on the part of drivers of the really
awesome responsibility a.ssumed by all
who sit in a driver’s seat.
THE VANGUARD
The recent action of the Kaleigh Mini
sterial Association (white) in adopting
and launching a i)lan for the inijjrovemenl
of the .status of Negroe.s and the pronu*-
tion of better race relations in Kaleigh
shows that church leadei-ship here is tak
ing seriously its Christian responsibility
(or tlie fostering of justice and brother
hood. Both its objectives and il.s plans for
'reaching them are worthy and practical.
The humility with which the committee
on race relation.^ presented its recommend
ations as “by no means ideal” is appropri
ate, for Christianity is a religion of ideals;
and if the cleigy do not load in the di-
TIIE CAROLINIAN
that widespread unemployment was un-
foi-tunate, but that the Federal govern
ment did not have and could not assume
any respon.sibility in the matter.
liecently a radio commentator remark
ed that the Full Employment Bill implies
that the riovernment has no cmifidence in
pi'ixale enlm pri.se. No such thing. 'V h e
(biU'inrnenl and the man in the street
know from experience that pri\ale eiiter-
prise, which is oiieraled undcT the profit
incentive, will not and cannot be expected
to solve the problem of mass unerniiloy-
ment alone and unaided. The propo.sed
legislation aims only at foreseeing a n d
making some provision for taking up the
slack in employment loft by private enter-
prise.
The time has passed in this countiy
when the Government may deny responsi
bility for coping with unemployment. It
has become a jjart of the American creed
that people who are able and willing to
work -shall not be threatened witli starva
tion or demoralized by charity. The right
to work for a living is coming to be recog
nized as one of the fundamental luimaii
rights. Now if nur society, through its gov
ernment. does not implement this right to
work, who or what will?
The commentator said al.so that such a
program as would result from the passage
of the Full Employment Bill would involve
taxes. No one l:!:es taxes; l>ut it is sliort-
.sighted to prefer the risk «)f widespread
-suffej'ing, socini chao.s and po.s.sible ivvolu-
tion to the burden of necessary taxation
Tlie nation has learned friJin bitter ex
perience tint measures to cope with un
employment should not be postponed until
there ;ue eight or ten millitm people out
of jobs. The Murray Bill is an attempt,
and a sane one, to be prepared. If private i
industi-y can cMintinue to .supply year in
and yeaj- out sufficient employment for
the .American people, well and good. If it
cannot, public measure.s must be invoked.
ON THE SPOT
General M. cArthur put the big army
advocates on the spot when he announced
that by spring an occupation force of 20o,-
OhO would be adequate to police Japan.
Since (»enei*al Eisenhower has already
stated that -lOO.OOO .American troops
EDITORIAL: A hurricane of destruction sweeping across the nation
ai a tired world is waiting, watching and listening, America.
/ecend Theuahts
By C. D. HALLXBURTOll
In ri'i
iipptiiii-d
Itre-tiiig
Whftlur
.'hitv ur
JtUf!
il
sue (.f
li.-ual
tu
liical daily
iiiid very in-
the editor,
ritteii by a
I colbM-d person cannni
b«' di torniincd from iht conUTits,
nor dip> tl ailfr Kivaily,
The k-tior was in pruisc of a
certain bus driver, who by his
tact, courtesy and common sense
has bteii able tu pcrlomi his func
tion of adnuni-itTing the segee-
gntiun law with the minimum of
diseoinfort. embarrassent and
friction.
In giving some details of the
methods of the bus driver, the
writer of the letter says:
“If the bus begins to fill up
with white pas-sengtrs. ho cour
teously asks the Negrors to kind
ly move back in order that the
other pascniiers may have seats.
If white pas.>engf-rs are sitting
tien bn his bu.s because he doesn't
set the .stage for it.”
Here is illustrated a point often
emphasized in these columns; that
is. us ]rmg as the segregation law.s
remain on the books the way is
open for discrimination of all
kinds' against Negro passengers.
Whether they get reasonable
treatment under existing laws is
deit-rmined largely by the per
sonnel operating the convey-
anees. An intelligent and decent
conductor or bus driver is at pres
ent the moet important factor in
determining whether or not trav
el for Negroes is tc be safe anJ
tolerable. The next important fac
tor is the ticket-selling and sta
tion personnel.
Transportation companies are
obligated to, and ran. do two
things to insure competent, sensi
ble and rt*spon8iblc employees,
n.... U thi.m />s.rt>fiinv
of his employers patrens. This
means uLso (hat Nilgro patro-is
must rewrt injufices and dls-
courttfies to the traction autho.'-
ilies.
Insofar as I have been able to
Judge, the situation on the Caro
lina Power and Light Company's
buses in Raleigh is very much the
same as that described in the let
ter quoted above, which was in
reference to a Mr. Dawson, who
operates a Trailways bus passing
through Bricks and Weldon.
Whether it Is a conscious policy
festered by the CPdcL or the
general high level of civilization
of Raleigh's populace, I don't
know. Maybe both. But it appears
to me that the transportation seg
regation laws are made to weigh
about as lightly in Raleigh as
possible, granting Ihat they are t)
c^vist nnd he enforced at all.
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1945
THE NEGRO IN
LATIN AMERICA
HAROLD PREECE
INDEPENDENCE DAY IN MEXICO
lour bar ' Negroes who knew how to shoot and their
rommundei, t. end Fa^.ier Miguel Hidalgo were Mexico's
first army of inUopt-ndonce — something that our neighbors below
the Rio Grande celebrated with pride and remembranc** as they
celebrated the ISSth anniversary of their republic last Sunday,
September 16.
A Negro priest. Father Jose Maria Morelos, rallied the scat
tered forces of the Mexican revolutions 'y armies, grown tc thous
ands of Negioes and Indians, when Hidalgo went down before
the firing squad of the Spanish king When Morelos was also
captured and executed, it was a Negro mule skinner. Vincent
Ramon Guerrero, who took up the sacred cause and continued to
fififht till the last Spaniard left the shores of an awakened country,
battling, among other reasons, to free itself of the color prejudice
of the white Caucasian.
Today, as I write this, the N^gro has virtually disappeared as
a racial type in Mexico — peaceful assimilation and inter-marriage
having accomplished what all the Spanish armies failed to do. But
American Negroes, on this anniversary of Mexican independence,
can see in Mexico another monument to genus of their race. For
not only does Negro blood flow Like a deep, hidden river in the
vein.s of the Mexican people. But Mexico, itself, owes its independ
ence to the bravery and the self-sacrifice of Negroes who knew
how to shoot but not how to surrender.
Last year, for example, Mexico's literary critics met to award
the annual national prize for the best book produced in their
country during 1944. Hundreds of volumes by Mexico’s best auth
ors were considered for the prize. But in the end, the award —
the highest honor that can be bestowed upon a Mexican writer —
went to Francisco Rojas Gonzalez for his novel. “Xa Negra An-
gustias '*
NEGRO JOAN OF ARC
This fine book, yet untranslated into ElngUsh, has for its central
character a Mexican mulatto girl, Angustias, who led a foree of
mixed Negro and Indian fighters during the revolution against
Spain. Like France’s Joan of Arc Angustias was a shepherdess
before she left her sheep of the fields to lead an army in the field.
She could have sold out by marriage to a wealthy man or could
have accepted bribes of millions of acres of Mexican lands if
only her army of those who knew how to shoot was disbanded and
sent home.
But Angustias was a Negro as well as a Mexican. She could
shoot, but she could not surrender.
By the time that this is published, the festival of Mexican
Independence Day will be over. But our brothers below the border
will be preparing for another feast day, September 27. in honor
of the 124ih anniversary of the capture of Mexico City by the
great Negro. Guerrero.
Mexican indenendence actually dates from ^at afternoon in
1821 when a Negro general received the surrender of the crack
forces of the Spanish king. A white historian has written that
•Vincente Guem-ro was the only Mexican revolutionary leader
who maintained uninterruoted resistance."
NEGRO COLONEL
Nor is it any accident that one of Guerrero's bravest officers
should have been the fearless Negro, Colonel Juan Del Carmen,
who, the Mexican historian, Villasenor, says, “was vepr black,
of unprepossessing appearance, and extraordinary bravery.” ’Hte
courageous Del Carmen lid not live to see the acconvlWiment
of his highest hope -— the freeing of Mexico’s Negro slaves -i-
but it is said that his memory influenced Guerrero, later to
become the country’s president, in issuing the abolition procta^.
ation of 1829.
In this column, last spring, I traced the career of “Mexico's
Black Lincoln, ' Guerrero and showed how he was finally martyred,
as was the white Lincoln, in a fascial — like revolution partly
drummed up by the Texas slave-ov/ners. TexM was then a part
of Mexico, but its richest land had already fallen into the hands
of migrant slavers from Dixie. These dealers in human fie*
for the fostering of justice and brother
hood. Both its objectives and its plans for
^reaching them are worthy and practical.
The humility with which the committee
on race relation.s presented its recommeno-
ations a.s “by no means ideal” is appropri
ate, for Christianity is a religion of ideals;
and if the clergv do not lead in the di
rection of these ideals, who will?
One of the suggestions was that the
ministers u.se their influence to obtain
better accommodations for Negroes on
public conveyances, and better treatment
at stations. Very mildly put. but still a
worthwhile objective. The association
would not have been going beyond piac-
tie.il'l.v, however, in setting up a goal of
equal rather than simply better, and it is
qu.!‘.lossible that il will do so as progress
is iDsde toward the more limited objective.
T-i' churches represent a tremendous
pcTenMal for good, and th# clergy are u.su-
allv ahead of the laity in their grasp of
thfc. Christian ethic. With the leadership
of ministei's the general level of re-
latiwv- •vithin the community can be rais-
V-4V--A point which the pessimist might re
gard .13 unattainable.
IHE FULL EMPLOYMENT BILL
The thinking of the diehard economic
conservatives in and out of Congress on
the Full Employment Bill is hard to un
derstand. The bill provides only that the
Federal government collect information
and make forecasts as to nationwide em
ployment, and then try to provide job op
portunities for the suplus labor. Those
who oppose this minimum effort to try to
me^t the menace of unemploymnet evi
dently prefer the do-nothing tactics of the
latter part of the Hoover administration,
when the Government took the attitude
THE CAROLINIAN
Published by The Carolinian Publishing Co.
Entered as second-class matter. April 6. 1''40, at
the Jpost Office at Raleigh, N. C., under tne Act
of March 3. 1879.
P. R. JERVAY. Publisher
C. D. HALLIBURTON. Editorials
CARL EASTERLING. Circulation Manager
Subscription Hates
One Year. $2.00; Six Months. S1.2S
Address ail communications and make all
cheoks payable to The Carolinian rather than to
individuals. The Carolinian expressly repudiates
responsibility for return of unsolicited pictures,
manuscript, etc., unless stamps are sent.
118 East Hargett St.. Raleigh, N. C.
I Telephone 9474
ON THE SPOT
General MacArlhur put the big army
advocates on the .spot when he announced
that by .spring an occupation force of 200,-
000 would be adequate to police Japan.
Since General El.senhower has already
stated that -100,000 American troops
would soon suffice for our part of the Eur
opean occupation army it is going to be
more and more difficult for the military
bras.s hats and their civilian supportei's to
justify the huge army they still want tc
keep. , I
A big aiTny means lots of posts for high i
officers. It means power and pre.stige for ^
officei's. As the army is reduced in size '
high officers promoted during this war j
will bo reduced in rank. Very few men :
have the kind of honesty which will make j
them strive for a reduction of their own j
rank and pay. That’s one reason why we '
can’t leave the demobilization rate and
the size of the anuy to be determined by
airny n.en.
LOSING FIGHT
The white Democratic powers-that-be
in Atlanta have won a fight, but they will
lose the war. They may as well give up
now, for ultimately they mu.st. The bar
ring of approximately 1,000 qualified vot
ers from participation in the city primary,
admittedly non-partisan, would have been
illegal even under the white Democratic
pnniary rule. It is doubly unlawful now
tliat the Democratic white primary has
been outlawed by the Supreme Court.
Disgruntled white Republicans are fum
ing in Atlanta now, and threatening lo
run u Kepublican'candidate against the
man nominated in the non-partisan prim
ary which turns out apparently not non
partisan at all. It may be that Negro voters
will have a chance to function in Atlanta
sooner than anyone expected.
But whether now or later, Atlanta,
Georgia, and the whole South will have to
come into the Union and (v^pitulate to the
American principle of the free ballot for
all qualified to vote.
Too many people are so worried about
the future that tliey overlook the task of
the present.
tion of abminiftcring thi- sogre-
gutixn law with th? minimum of
disvomfini. emburrassent and
friction.
In giving some details of the
methods of the bus driver, the
writer of the letter !=ays:
“If the bus begins to fill up
with white paH!!t'n8C-r8, he cour
teously asks the Negroes to kind
ly move back in order that the
other pasengers may have seats,
if white piisscngors arc sitting
near the 'rent, he courteously
asks thim to kindly move up in
order that the Ncgm passengers
may have seats. He never says:
‘Yju colored folks go back to Ihe
back of the bu-s where you be
long.' as 1 have hoard many driv
ers say. Th re is never any fric-
soiinel operating lUe convey
ances. An intelligent and decent
conductor or bus driver is at pres
ent the most important factor n
determining whether or not trav
el lor Negroes is tc be safe and
tolerable, " he next Important fac
tor is the ticket-selling and sta
tion personnel.
Transportation companies are
obligated to, and can. do two
things to insure competent, sensi
ble and responsible employees.
One is to select them carefully,
mindful of their function as arbit
er- of human rights. The other is
to discharge or discipline prompt
ly any driver, conductor or agent
who shows his unfitness for Uie
work by his prejudiced and bigot
ed disregard ftr the rights of any
ter guoiea aoove. wnicn was in
reference '.o a Mr. Dawson, who
operates a Trailways bus passing
through Bricks ard Weldon.
Whether It Is . conscious policy
festered by the CP&L or the
general high level of civilization
of Raleigh’s populace. 1 don't
know. Maybe twth. But it appears
to me that the transportation seg
regation laws are made tc weigh
about as lightly In Raleigh as
possible, granting (hat they are t)
exist and be enforced at aU.
That is simply as it should be;
for theoretically segregation laws
are not for the purpose of incon
veniencing or humiliating anyone.
They are supposed to provide for
separate but equal accommoda
tions. and equal treatment for all.
Lest We Foreet.
By W. L. GREENE ■
How often wc hear the conclu
sion reitcniled that nurlhern com-
muniiivs not governed by Jim
Crow laws arc just as unsatisfac
tory to live in as southern com
munities. Some southerners actual
ly argue that the southern com
munities arc more .-lalisfactory.
The point of view is important-
The facts are highly relative as
to what they mean if we admit,
for the sake of argument, th.it
the champions of the south havo
^ Hood argument.
T,el us admit that the southern
employer will take a pt-rsonal
interest in the welfare of his col
ored employees when they run
into "trouble." Why does he near
ly always offer lo pay their doc
tor bills, serve as bondsijian for
them when they are arrested and
Hrraluned before the courts, or
seek to provide for their release
from any circumstance which will
UKC thtm away from their work?
Too answer Is obvious. We mere
ly give it again to remind us that
the total situation affecting us
mtikrs U.S forget too soon the fun
damental issues of American sec
tionalism
The colored citizen in the south
ern pattern is expected to be a
Umited citizen, not free lo com
pete in the open market for any
Job he can do. but Is expected lo
work at .-uch jobs as are open to
colored people at less wages than
other citizen-s would demand for
the same work. The employer
who stems to be so oenevolent to
ward an unfortunate or wayward
employee has his eyes open. He
knows that he Is underpaying
the employee. He is interested in
keeping available a stockpile of
cheap labor, grateful for personal
favors and reconciled to a lowlv
position In society, if the employ
er would encourage the colored
worker to Join labor unions, buy
farms, vote, organize consumer
and producer cooperatives, and
seek promotion on the job, the
same eniployer would expect the
employee to get help in emergen
cies from those sources. But be
cause the southern pattern calls
for the colored citizen to occupy
M proscribed place in the social
order, the employee with the fine
attitude of the boss. Once the
southern colored worker is paid
the same wage as northern work
ers receive for the same work, all
the goodnes of the boss will be
gone with the wind.
A chance to compete Is more
Important to the colored man
than a mere chance to eat .
SUNDAY SCHOOL LESS ON b, r-v m w
Subject: The Israelites In A
Foreign Land. Gen. 46-30. Print
ed Text. Gen. 47:1-12.
Key Verse: Lord, thou hast been
our dwelling place in all genera
tions. Ps. 90:1.
The Sunday School leaders this
morning will visualize an old
man, but with years of mourning,
long beards and hoary haired, to
gether with eleven sons, cne
daughter, fifty grand children and
four gtandsuns and a caravan of
cattle and wagons, traveling from
Hebron in Canaan to Zion on the
Nile delta in Egypt, nearly four
thousand years ago. Jacob was
filled with mi.sgivings until he re
ceived the assurance of God's pre
sence at Bcershobu which gave
dignity thereafter Gen. 46:15).
JACOB MEETS PHAROAH
Judah wh > had pl.iyed a leading
role in the family's life hereto
fore 'Gcn. 44;l8-34i went ahead
..nd notified Joseph that the family
had reached Go^hen. Joseph made
ready his chariot and went up to
meet his father and fell on his
neck and wept and then cautioned ,
them what to stay to Pbaroah
, . ■ I
(Gen. 46:28-34). He then goes
through the formality of presentnig
Lsrael to Pharoah (Tutank
men?) Pharoah inquired about
theif occupation and about Jacob's
age. and tells Joseph that the land
of Egypt is before him — gives
them the best pasture land possi
ble. Two Kings face each other.
One represents the material and
the other the spiritual — The
sense of gratitude is manifested in
both cases, with the latter taking
the precedent.
A SON'S CARE FOR
HIS FATHER
And Joseph nourished his fath
er. and brethren, and all his faith-
er's hou-sehold. with bread, ac
cording to their families. (Oen.
47:12). This verse reveals the un
selfish devotion of Joseph to his
loved ones. It also brings out the
pride Jaseph took in his aged fath
er. That tenderness and thought
fulness which the father had once
given him. No doubt. Joseph was
the busiest man in Egypt. It would
have been easy for him to say:
‘T air too busy.” With all the
to feed in the whole of
of his highest hve — the freeing of Mexico’s Negro slaves —
but it is said that his memory influenced Guerrero, later to
become the country’s preeWent, in issuing tile abolition prrxlam-
ation of 1829.
In this column, last spring. I traced the career of “Mexico’s
Black Lincoln, “Guerrero and showed how he was finally martyred,
as was the white Lincoln, in a fascist — like revolution partly
drummed up by the Texas slave-ovmers. Texas was then a part
of Mexico, but its richest land had already fallen into the hands
of migrant slavers from Dixie. These dealers in human fie*
felt morta'ly disgraced because the president of the country m
which they lived was a Negro. And all Hell broke loose wh^
that Negro President told them at they could not keep his brother
Negroes enslaved in Texas or any foot of soil under the Mexiew
flag.
Today, both of Mexico’s two outstanding Negro here* —
Morelos and Guerrero — have states namet’ for them. T«Uy.
Mexico, remembering Morelos and Guerrero, has stubbontiy.
fused to adopt the color line of the men who murder Mdz«los
and Guerrero. ;
Burt, 200 years before the birth of Moreloa and Guano, Mexico
had ratted up _nother gre t Negro leader of the Mexican people.
His name was Fanga and I'll tell about him in this coluntn, vnaxt
weeki
On Being Well-Bred—By Ruth Taylor
people
Wiliiamg
Fgypt, yet he found time to look
after hU father. How many young
people today who arc doing well
and their parents who nurtured
and looked out for them when
they could not look out for them
selves are suffering for food and
care? Their children are too busy.
How many of us get too busy to
iV to Church and Sunday Schools
oft Sunday mornings? To busy?
Yes, but can find time to go where
we particularly want to go. Church
leaders too might net get too
busy to plan suitable programs for
those who do attend. 'Time will
not permit a detail discussion of
the last days of Jacob nor Joseph,
but if the readers will peruse the
last two chapters of Genesis they
will find that both get their wish
in regard to their buriab.
1. A family is united and a na
tion b being trained under Divine
guidance.
2. An individual, race or nation
that is led by the Holy Spirit
need have no fear of the future.
3. The Lord is our dwelling place
in all generations.” Ps. 90:1.
Conventions are the hall CD'.irks
of civilized living. They are the
traffic rules which man has .s-
dopted for the better conduct of
hb life. Their observance b the
card proving bb right to member
ship In a ..ivillzed society.
There b no law against oushlng
your neighbor aside in the street,
but if you do, you mark yourself
self a boor. There is no law a-
gainst eating peas with a knife—
but if yo udo you mark yourself
Ill-bred and unused to the ameni
ties of civilized society. There is
no law against discourtesy—but
it just isn't practiced by the kind
of people you want to know.
Conventions are designed for
the protection of ail. The common
usages of society are ingrained in
children from their earliest con-
tacb with those around them. We
do not condemn a child for his
bad manners, but we do comment
caustically upon hb home envir
onment.
To those conventions with
which we are all conversant,
should now be added a new one.
A person who condemns another
not as an individual but because
of the group from which he comes,
should be considered as guilty of
bad breeding as he who trans
gresses any of the other more ma
terial conventions. It Just isn’t
American, and it just isn’t done
by ladies and gentlemen. We
should hold it as important to be
kind as to be courteous, to speak
fairly as well as truthfully, to re
spect our neighbor’s beliefs as we
respect his possessictis.
We are now entering on me of
the most trying years of our ma
terial life. Let us resolve to con
duct ourselves as well-bred peo
ple during this trying time. Let
us be good American ladles and
gentlemen first and set a seal up
on lips. Arguing as earnestly as
we will, let us *serve the canons
of fair play and decent speech
and not indulge in generalized
charges against anyone.
Observing at all times the con
ventions of society let us prove
to the world that the democratic
form of government with lb free
dom of speech for all peewit cap
still be not only the most dvU-
ized but the best bred form of gov
ernment.
DDT does not control boll weevil
on cotton and a number of otiter
pesb. The new Insectickla must he
used in the proper form and in th^
right strengths for beet resulw. ^
The classification of regbtervd
herd enables the dalrvmcn to mea
sure hb progress in breeding.
-quotes
OF THE W££K
“Free Pack of agareie Wltli
Every Grease Job!“ —Poslwor
tiffn M A tUnita fiUimg $>eU4an.
“I'm aa eorprieed as aMyeam**
— iMiua F. Bailiff, ti, very
mu£h alive tn Covingtan, ItuL,
nine gtare afUr he preaekad hie
oum funtral sermon.
“Ernie ia lying where ha weeM
wUh to He — with the men Im
loTed.“—Mre. Ernie Pyle, ebfeet-
ing to removing hie body from
/« Shiaui.
^ ^Government can't leglnlnle
jobs, management ean't invent
them, labor can't force them.
bat an three worUng tegether
can develop them.”—Wiwj^. *
Swaeey Co^ Cleveland
r V
yr *nnity ot effort between At
worker and hie employer le n
poetwar maat.“—Rep. Jpgetph W,
Martia^Maee.
> *'607 a farm aad retire en HT
tt*e a good tci^ —bnt don't try
it!“—Sjteurity Adihin.