PAGE FOUR
President Eisenhower recently stated a plain
truth about himself arid future. It is a
truth which must have been obvious to every
unbiased observer acquainted with the facts
and willing to face the truth. He said:
“It would be idle to pretend that rny health
can be wholly restored to the excellent state
in. which the doctors believed it. to be in mid-
September.”
That is and should be a foregone conclusion,
and all considerations as to whether President
Eisenhower will be the Republican candidate
for the presidency mxt November should start,
from that premise.
It appears that President Eisenhower may
consider it his duty to be a candidate if the
doctors v.’ill certify that his health is good
enough to take the chance with his own future
and that of the country. Mr. Eisenhower has
a high sense of duty. It is doubtful that he
would retire for purely personal considerations,
though of course he will take into account the
feelings of his family.
The political advisers ori whom he will
depend for help in making up his mind arc
likely to be practically unanimous iri urging
that Mr. Eisenhower stand for re-election:
for whereas there may be ample ground for
questioning the conclusion that Mr. Eicon*
...Accept Tiie 20th Century”
The Hartford (Connecticut) Coarant , one
of the better known of U. S. dailies outside the
biggest cities, has, like the Christian Science
Monitor, published in Boston, never been over
ly critical of the South. For that reason an
editorial quoted from it recently in the Ra
leigh News and Observer, is of more than or
dinary timeliness. We take the liberty to quote
excerpts:
“The southern states, still shaken by the
Supreme Court’s decision nearly two years
ago, are casting about for any device that
might enable them to escape the 20th century.”
The article goes on from there to mention
the 2 to 1 vote iri Virginia favoring the Gray
plan which would make posible the use of
public money for private education of white
children in that state and continues:
“The adjustment to desegregation is one
that the North which still has a bit of adjusting
of its own to do—does not face. There is no
occasion to cast stones at the South. For all
that nothing can keep this country from
marching forward until at last it ends the sys
tem of having two classes of citizens, a su
perior one and an inferior one, divided by col
or. At home this division is an evil. Around
the world it is doing the free world incalcul
able hurt in its struggle with communism,
“Blind to all this, the South talks as though
the Supreme Court, in its 1954 decision, had
illegally amended the Constitution itself to
change the foundations of our government.
Actually the Supreme Court merely looked at
a 19th Century issue with 20th Century eyes,
and then stated a self-evident truth: Separate
educational facilities are inherently unequal. ’
After some discussion of the Gray plan,
characterizing it as “inevitably . . . uncon
stitutional,” if only because under it “Negroes
will be taxed to support private instruction
for white students.'’ the editorial essay re
iterates the crux of the matter:
“There is no way out but to accept the 20th
Century."
One naturally stops to wonder what would
have happened had the Supreme Court re
More Than This Needed
Sir Anthony Eden’s visit to the United States
to talk with President Eisenhower seems to
have been barren of any very significant re
sults. No vigorous plan to meet and counter
act the Soviet offenses launched some months
ago to get ahead of the free West by adopting
methods a bolder American foreign policy
worked out a few years ago was forthcoming,
insofar as the joint announcements after the
meeting revealed.
The Eisenhovver-Dulles strategy seems to be
to try to outtalk Russia while Russia offers
concrete plans to assist nations she is trying to
sway to her side in their economic develop
ment.
Meanwhile our Administration points out
that the storing of surplus food stocks owned
by our government is costing the American
people a million dollars a day , Meanwhile,
also, our political leaders in the Administra
tion and Congress wrangle over which plans to
! THE CAROLINIAN
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,>
Hard Decision
hower or any other man Is Indispensable as
president of the United States for the welfare
of the country and the world, an excellent
case can be made for the indispensability of
Mr. Eisenhower at this time as the presiden
tial candidate from the standpoint of the Re
publican party and the interests which feel
that their best welfare depends upon a Re
publican administration, since no other possi
ble candidate of the party would have any
where near the advantage Mr. Eisenhower
would enjoy as the party’s standard bearer, to
use a tired expression. The party leaders and
others here referred to are using and will use
their best efforts to convince Mr. Eisenhower
that it is his duty to do so, that the prosper
by of the country and the peace of the world
demanded his personal sacrifice This appeal
must carry weight when made to a man with
a fine soldiers sense of duty; nor is it un
flattering to be told how necessary one is.
The fact remains, however, that the Presi
dent is nearly 65 and that he has had a heart
attack. He has frankly revealed that he is not
unmindful of these serious facts, and he is
doubtless also of implications which may be
drawn from the history of the presiccncy.
Everything points to the conclusion that It
will not be an easy decision for Mr. Eisen
hower to make.
affirmed two years ago the outmoded “sepa
rate-hut-equal” doctrine as established in
Plc-ssy v. Ferguson, which decision the South
pretends to have enshrined as if it carried the
authority of one of the Ten Commandments,
As long as the Supreme Court was making de
cisions of the Plessy v. Ferguson type, the
Court was revered in the South as a collective
Daniel come to judgement. It was only when
the Court got into the 20th Century, so to
speak, that we began to hear of nullification,
Interposition and the like, along with uncom
plimentary references to the lack of intelli
gence, probity, and loyalty to American prin
ciples of the judges of the Court, and their
susceptibility to crackpot sociological theories
and their glances toward the northern Negro
vote. (The judges include men from both po
litical parties; they have lifetime appoint
ments, and three of them are southerners.)
Interposition, nullification, and so on were
not thought of for nearly 100 years. Previous
reversals of the decisions of the Court, as con
ditions changed and the personnel of the Court
with equanimity hitherto; even those outlaw
altered by replacements, have been accepted
in the white primary and opening state grad
uate and professional schools to Negroes (the
latter except in Georgia, South Carolina, and
of course, Mississippi).
The Curant is right. The hullabaloo will
subside. The South will haltingly and grudg
ingly accept the fact that 1896 patterns are
inadequate for sixty years later, in matters
of race as in other matters. We look back with
amazement on the fact that less than 100 years
ago the ownership of the bodies of human be
ings by other human beings was not only
permitted but vigorously defended in one part
of the country, with arguments and devices
surprisingly like the arguments and theories
being dragged out today in an attempt to de
feat desegregation.
Nullification and interposition have been
dead longer that chattel slavery, and no at
tempt will succeed in breathing any life into
the dry bones.
insure more production and therefore more
surpluses or how to pay farmers not to pro
duce so that, they may make money.
As long as the Communist leaders can make
peace offers which President Eisenhower logi
cally and rightly rejects, while at the same
time they steal our own plans to offer help to
nations which need help and are understand
ably not too particular about the ideological
name tag attached to the extended hand, things
don’t get any better for the democracies. Add
to that the hazards created by the statesman
ship of people like Senator Eastland and the
four southern governors, not to mention the
southern state legislature now in session, and
one can see that a pronouncement such as
came from the meeting of the heads of the
two leading western nations may not have
too much effect, especially in the countries
populated by non-white people.
'And Now, Senator Eastland Ot
Mississippi Pays His Respects”
GSDF
SECOND THOUGHTS
The columnist Drew Pearson
reported recently, maybe ac
curately, possibly not, that
“Ike has a secret, self-appoint
ed board of strategy of New
York including some of his
closest friends . . . They have
determined that Vice President
Nixon shall not run with him.”
Pearson says that these ad
visers feel that in the event
that Mr. Eisenhower does run,
which is a question still un
decided, of course, so far as
the public knows, Mr. Nixon
might well be a liability as the
second man on the ticket. The
well known political columnist
expresses the opinion that these
particular advisers “feel that
if Ike does run, most people,
remembering his statement a
bout his own health, would be
voting for Vice President, Nix
on, they feel, would bog down
the ticket, might even defeat
it.
It may be a little.indelicate
to bring this out into the open,
as Drew Pearson did. But it is
a really important and weighty
consideration, whether talked
about openly or on a hush
hush basis.
There is little point in bring
ing up the subject, however,
before President Eisenhower
makes and announces his de
cision on whether or not he
will be a candidate. If it should
turn out that he will not, it is
The President and the Powell
Amendment
President Eisenhower has
made it clear, we think, that
Ire favors the content of the
Powell Amendment re refusal
of Federal funds for education
to non-conforming areas, and
is for it, providing that it does
not block passage of an Edu
cation Bill that would put
schools where they are criti
cally needed by educationally
starved Americans. Byway of
comment we offer this bit of
personal research re the recent
South Carolina speech of the—
Snator from Sunflower
Senator James O. Eastland,
of Ruleville, Mississippi—popu
lation 15 hundred—recently at
tacked the President of the
United States and desegrega
tion in the public schools of
the District of Columbia, on
the basis of lowered average
scholastic performance in the
District schools, resulting from
the integration of Negro and
white pupils.
The fact of lower perform
ance by Negro pupils in or
from segregated areas is not
debatable, and members of the
teaching profession who are a
part of this unhappy situation,
should face the fact, forthright
ly. But we are in disagree
ment with the Negro principal
quoted b'y Senator Eastland as
saying that sharing the expe
rience of living together is more
important to American cultural
progress than scholastic stand
ing, because educational inte
gration is not a matter of "el
the Carolinian
C. D. Halliburton’s
fairly certain that Mr. Nixon
will be in there seeking the
first place on the ticket. In
that ease the people concerned
would know without question
what they wished to do, as to
ids nomination, and if nomi
nated as to how to vote. On the
other hand it will certainly be
interesting, if President Eisen
hower decides that he will ac
cept the Republican nomina
tion to see what will happen
to Mr. Dewey.
It is quite possible that the
Democrats would like to see
Nixon the nominee. Os course
they would rather see him as
the presidential candidate, since
he is highly unpopular with
the Democrats, who know he
could not possibly match Eis
enhower's appeal to the large
body of independent voters
which concededly holds the
balance of pow'er in the elec
tion. Unpopular with the Dem
ocrats becau.se of his attacks
on that party and its leaders
in the last election and since,
he would be a very acceptable
Republican candidate to the
Democratic leadership. To a.
lesser degree they would also
be glad to see him again the
vice presidential candidate if
Eisenhower runs for president.
Drew Pearson has given, as
quoted above, the very good
reasons for the Republican
CAPITAL CLOSE-OP
By CONSTANCE DANIEL
ther, or,” and there should be
no assumption that the inte
gration of educationally dis
advantaged Negroes with edu
cationally privileged whites will
mean continuing "sacrifice oi
scholastic standing.”
The lower performance will
disappear along with the dis
advantage, since it reflects not
"the intelliegnce level of the
Negroes,” as stated by Senator
Eastland, himself a product
of Mississippi, Alabama and
Vandervilt Universities, but
the Delta-plantation pattern of
the Senator's Sunflower Coun
ty, which is, by and large* the
pattern of the segregated Deep
South —a pattern which helps
to drag down the national aver
age of educational performance.
Sunflower County, Mississippi
Sunflower County is to the
heart of the Delta country a
long the Mississippi. It has a
population of 56,031, of which
31,159, or 68 percent, are Ne
gro and 17,872, or 32 percent,
are white. Roughly, 19,000 Ne
groes and 10,000 whites are of
voting age. The school-age cen
sus shows 17,035 Negro chil
dren, and 4,244 white children.
The school enrollment shows
that 8,258 Negro children
(slightly under one-half of
those school-age) and 1,521
white children (just over one
third of those school-age), at
tend the county schools, But
expenditu; s for instruction,
only, are 197.665 dollars a year,
or $23 per child, for Negroes,
and 146.903 dollars, or $93 per
child for whites. This is the
4 V
r .r
-V-;> ip
PS ■ ,IBin
Mm
l&V Pi
sentiment on Nixon. Not di
rectly, but the implications are
there.
It is not easy to tell how the
American people as a whole
feel about Nixon. Certainly
their reaction to him would
be difit rent to some degree if
he were the candidate for vice
president on the ticket with
Eisenhower for president from
what it would be if it should
come about that he were the
party’s candidate to succeed
Eisenhower because Eisenhow
er had taken himself out of the
race.
The President him elf likes
Nixon, and his endorsment
would be valuable to the,
younger man should Mr. Eisen
hower decide not to accept the
candidacy. Furthermore it. is
our inexpert opinion that Nix
on would not be a handicap
as the second man on the ticket
if Eisenhower is to head it.
We behove that the people will
be convinced that if Eisehhow
t r announces that he will run,
Eisenhower will be convinced
that he is in good enough
health to take on the presi
dency for another four years.
The people know that life is
uncertain for ail men, and they
believe that Eisenhower’s de
cision will be an honest and
conscientious one. based on the
best expert advice available as
to what he should do.
pattern of education in the
Senator’s “neck of the woods.”
It is the back'iorund fro m
which he speaks.
We All Pay
Selective Service had to deal
with the results of this pat
tern-—which has. of course, no
bearing on intelliegnce poten
tials. The whole country, in
cluding the District of Colum
bia, has suffered from it, with
the migration of the disadvan
taged into areas of relative
economic and educational ad
vantage. The overcrowded and
understaffed schools of the
Federal City’s old Division Two
< Negro), were simply an ex
tension and refinement of the
Deep South pattern. Wherever
we live, we all pay while the
levelling-Off is in process.
There is no point in Pollyanna
ing the issue. So now, "as might
have been expected,” we have
the "intelligence level” of Sena
tor Eastland, demanding "stem
resistance” to the Supreme
Court decision, in terms of the
"legal and moral right” of the
South to perpetuate the pat
tern of Sunflower County.
Howard Jenkins to Labor Post
Howard Jenkins. Jr., veil
known member of the Howard
University Law School faculty,
took office, last week, as Leg
islative Attorney in the Office
of the Solicitor fit the Labor
Department, A lew and liberal
arts graduate of the University
of Denver, he sem 1, during the
war, on the legal staffs of the
OP A and War Labor Board,
and has been an Associate Fro-
WEEK ENDING SAT UR AD Y, FEBRUARY 11, 1956
Gordon Hancock *$
BETWEEN the LINES
THE SOUTHERN
GOVERNORS’ CONFERENCE
The Governors’ Conference
recently called in Richmond
was not exactly a “howling
success I ’. It was called by Vir
ginia’s Governor Stanley as a
huddle for southern governors
wherein they could together
find better ways and means of
circumventing the momentous
Supreme Court decision of ’54.
In the first place the South
was poorly represented, there
being only five governors in
attendance. Everybody who
understands the current hyste
ria in the South knows that
the conference was an incip
ient secession and was called
to "sound out” the South on
how far it was willing to go
in open defiance of the na
tion. There were two key words
on the lips of the conferees,
interposition and nullification.
Interposition merely implies
a delaying action in the final
complianco with t ire Supreme
Court’s mandates. As some of
the conferees sensed clearly, it
did not “have teeth” and was
therefore constructed as the
protest that it really was. On
the other hand .nullification
implied a willingness to go all
out, and stop at nothing, in
resisting the Supreme Court's
decision. It implied fight and
force if necessary. Nobody ex
cept the governors themselves
knew what was said and done
in the meeting, but the same
governors who went Into the
conference hot for nullification
came out warm for interpo
sition.
It can be truthfully said that,
it was in this conference that
the backbone of the South's
resistance was broken Gover
nor Hodges of North Carolina
who did not attend as ; dele
gate, was Quick to add since
the conference that .North Car
olina would not be stampeded
into anything that looked like
defiance of the United States.
He made it clear that his state
would not be bound by the ac
tions of other southern states
that wanted to defy the nation
and resist to the uttermost its
mandates.
Florida's governor did not
put in his appearance and has
since said that it is just as
well that he did not: for Flo
rida would not be stampeded
into some hasty and radical
action. He made it clear that
Florida, needed no assistance
in working out its own program
and that he would not be a
party to the incipient seces-
uLNIUIiIL Clnwyiu
By REV FRANK CLARENCE LOWRY For ANP
MARY AND MARTHA
1. What a similarity in
names, buy my', what far and
wide differences in dispositions
and aims . . . Mary over mind
ful of the Master’s comfort
and wishes, while Martha, giv
ing special care to temporal
things, even to washing dishes.
2. This is. a necessary part
of life, we cannot deny, but
should not hinder our progress
when spiritual things we are
about !:q pass by
3. Many persons would not,
detect a diamond in its first
stages in the rough, but would
allow Satan with his imita
tions and. cunning to pay them
off with such cheap stuff.
4. He has super-prod nets for
those in higher brackets, and
lor folks not easily swept off
of their feet—for he is an
Artist at hypnotism and a
Past Master of humbuggery
and deceit.
5. Such evil influences as
those could not upset the wis
dom of Mary for among ma
terial things she did not tarry,
but hurried and stayed at the
feet of Jesus; safe and secure
from impending harm, unmov
ed by conditions that would
cause alarm, coo) wad. protect
ed from every sb nn,
6. But quite the opposite, the
temperament and spirit of
Martha who was careful and
troubled about many things
obviously temporal, but lack-
Letter To The Editor
202 Heck Street
Raleigh, N. C.
February 5, 1956
Mr. P. R. Jervey, Editor
THE CAROLINIAN
DEAR EDITOR;
I was shocked last week to
see your paper carry a red •
headline on page one publicis
ing an act of youth delinquen
cy, Such an elaborate coverage
was decidedly out of proportion
to the true magnitude and so
cial worth of the event,
feasor at the Howard Law
School for the past ton years.
Mr. Jenkins is one of the hard
working group around DC,at
George M. Johnson, that has
done yeoman work in the pre
paration of briefs and memo
randa on cases corning before
the U. S. Appellate Court and
the Supreme Court.
The new appointee, now en
leave from lx ward, .is a na
tive of Denver. His wife, the
former Miss Elaine Brown,
daughter or the Rev. Dr. Rus
sell 8. Brown cf Chicago, Gen
eral Secretary of the AME
Church, is also a graduate of
the University of Denver, with
a Master's degree from Ohio
State, There are three Jenkins
children. The senior Mrs. How
ard Jenkins and a sister, Miss
Doris Jenkins, ,are m Winston-
Salem, N. C., where the latter
is teaching.
a ion,
But. the thing that, above all
others, indicated that the Gov
ernors’ Conference was a flat
tire was the statement of Gov
ernor Coleman of Mississippi,
who was supposed to spear
head the new rebellion. When
he returned to his beloved Mis
sissippi he made it clear that
he war. not in favor of nulli
fication since this implies force.
He further made it clear that
he would not call out the state
militia in resistance to the na
ion, for says he, “That would
be treason.”
He finally came out as a full
fledged interposltionlst which
amounts to a full-dress pro
test. It is a long way from
nullification to interposition;
and even the hot heads of the
South are more and more be
coming willing to re tile for in
terposition, a perfectly tame
and safe and inoccuous stand.
The situation resolves itself
into one where Governor Stan
ley and his. bed-fellows, Grif
fin of Georgia and Timmer
man of South Carolina, will
have to make some other move,
for the Governors’ Conference
was a flat tire. One disastrous
secession is enough for most
of the South. In oth*r words
through bitter experience the
people of the South for the
most part have learned that
secessions are poor ways to
register dissatisfaction to which
they are justly entitled.
Isaiah saw with prophetic
eye a golden age where the
lion and the lamb would lie
down together. This was to be
one of the strange things of
the latter days. But. when we
see a Virginia governor “bud
dying” with the governors of
South Carolina and Georgia we
have a strange food for
thought. It goes to show that
there is an element of desper
ation in the piight wherein
the South finds itself in its
purpose to resist and resent
the. mandates of the Supreme
Court of the land
But from the surge of seg
regationism that is currently
sweeping the South it is plain >
that there is a deep division
of sentiment in these United
States of ours. In fact it is
sometimes difficult, to know
whether it is the USA or the
USA (United States of Amer
ica or Divide d States of Amer
ica!. .That it is s'ill the USA
is just a little clearer since the
Governors’ Conference. Could
Russia’s propoavandists wish
for a finer field day?
IRMONS
tug the one thing needful.
7. This, to be sure, Is the
sad state of the peoples of the
world today, cumbered with
many things and busy; tfie mi
nority delighting to at ay at
Jesus' feet, while the majority
in Satan's camp continue self
ish, greedy and lazy,
8. The church people for the
most part, are luke-warm and
self-centered, having Martha's
slant on service, feeling she
should be especially favored.
9. Mary Indeed, had the right
idea of giving Christ the very
first place . , . for this is truly
the starting point for every
individual and the Rock of
Defense for every Nation and
Race.
10. For the way things look
now from Martha’s book,
Mary”s early example and pre
cepts, those the Nations have
forsook . . , and substituting
their own way-of-life. they are
spearheading into turmoil and
constant strife.
11. CHRIST is the answer,
and to all Martha’s His rea
soning is clear . . . He is in
full agreement with Mary, and
calls a gainsaying world to
draw near.
12. Foot-sore, tear stained
and weary, poor hungry souls
still languish in fear, while the
God-of-all-Grace still blesses
the Mary’s and humbly pleads
with the Martha’s to draw
near.
You know, of course, that
this type of glorification is
particularly rewarding to de
linquents and potential delin
quents. This is all the mor<
surprising in view of your rolt
in a recent "campaign” to com
bat delinquency in our com
munity. To me glorification
promotes rather than prevents
Certainly to our democratic
country you have a right to
select news you desire to print
I will not quarrel over this
point. However, it does seem to
me that the right to freedom
of press carries with it certain
obligations—certain moral im
peratives to always work con
structively for community im
provement. But tills rash dis
play show's social irresponsi
bility at its zenith! It seems to
me that irreparable damage
has been done to youth, to or
ganised education, and to the
good citizens in our community
who sincerely work to improve
relations and promote the com-
Icon welfare.
I believe in a free press-—a
responsible free press. More- d
over, I feel that only when
newspapers are aware of their
obligations and responsibilities
should they deserve the pro
tections afforded in a free
country.
, Very truly yours.
WILLIAM JIMMERSGN
HOLLOWAY