MARCH 1, 1923 WAY FOUND TO Gr MORE OF It is by Cooperation; B to Poverty of Agrici tion Absolutely Esse ing of Farm Product (Written for the Raleigh News an Observer by Carl C. Taylor) Co-operation is a form of btftine enterprise. A business enterprise i a systematically organized metbo and set of machinery for carryin; on some essential part of our ecc nomic life. Cooperation is a definit method of combining all persons an> processes concerned wi^h a givei business enterprise in order lha they shall work for a purpose o result that is common to ali con cerned in that purpose. We hav shown in the two previous article that there are many processes an< manv ocrsons concerned witb marketing of farm products. In j blind sort of way* these processe and persons have been working in j common cause?that of getting good: from the primary producer to thi ultimate consumer. Cooperative - marketing proposes to consciousl] - . direct these processes and persons In doing so it will guarantee a sun attainment of the ends desired ii efficient marketing. The consumer pays more than tw< dollars for every dollar which the farmer gets. In some cases the con sumcr pays ten times as much foi the product as the farmer receives In other words the farmer gets fron ten to fifty cents only of the consumer's dollar. This is due to t.h'. following facts; 1. The individual does not have the time, or facilities for efficiency marketing his product. 2. lie is not in a position to know what he market demands or when it demands it. o. IIo cannot individually grade, stai dardize and otherwise prepare his product! for the market. 4. He is not in a posit -n ?? store and hold his products until the consumer wants them and the price is right. f>. Even if he were in a position to store his goods he is often not able to finance himself while he waits. u.ness !r.les> they or, d:--:* ? tive .irgani: alxor. of growers for the purpose of marketing i. * r n will make it possible for them to'acconxpli'ii many things wh e sential t;? efficient marketing: 1. Organi: atron will ni.ik ' ; pos sible for them to assemble products in large enough quantities to effectively and correctly take all the suc^ cceding steps in marketing. 2. Organization will olace them in a portion to hire experts to gi-ade and standardize their product:; and thus make it possible to set the margin or premiums paid for .standardized products. S. Organization will give them sufficient quantities of products to make curing and processing possible this making the products suitable for storage and shipment. 1. Organization will enable the j farmer to own and manage store- j houses and thus he in a position toj retain his .seasonal excess or surplus until the market demands this suivj plus at fair prices. 5. Organization wili enable the II farmer to have a standardized, cured and warehoused pioduuct to use as; standard and acceptable collateral^ upon which to borrow money and with which to finance their whole marketing process until all their, pro- 1 ducts are sold. - 6. Through organization the far-: mer will be strong enough to force' right freight claims and adjustments j dictate fair bargaining and in every j way cope with organized business. 1 7. Cooperative- commodity mar-! keting associations will enable the \ farmer to include under one business management several of the steps j in marketing and thus introduce real i business administration MEN W, Men Wanted by Elect Shulls Mills, N WAGE $2.0C Find Manager at Robt IFE FARMER CONSUMERS DOLLAR a d Marketing Contributes ' mltural Sections; Organiza- , ntial to Successful Market- 1 i s. d button. 8. After organization has nlaced ' >s them in a position to utilize the { is business machinery and use the busi(1 ness experience of the world, far 1 ? mers will get better prices for theii i i- products and at the same time ren- < c der better marketing service to the , d world than has yet been known in n the marketing of farm products, t Evolution of Marketing r The evolution of marketing, < . whether of manufacturing or raw J e goods, has developed through four < s steps. , 1 1. Direct sales from producer to j k consumer. x 2. A commission man system in 5 which the commission man acted as x a "go-between." f s 3. A series of specialized market * 2 ing process or steps, each process \ ? operated by a specialized agent. r . 4. A consolidation of these various a . steps under one management. ( i U?4cr direct marketing only a i small per cent of the world's surplus products were distributed. People ' ? sometimes starved to death within v ? a few hundred miles of great sur- r . pluses of food. Very little marketing o ? is now direct from the producer to . the consumers because the producer: 0 i and consumers are too far apart. f The commission man si age . always a temporary arrangement. Few products except farm produt: v are today sold in that way. The stag to specialized marketi.ro* jmjefis**? stori ::g, processing, packing shippi' etc.?is almost universal today. 1 > n a few instances the step ->f basin* - t4 integration and administration has becuiakeo. Wc rave previously cited *>ii and sfceeL Many farm product *1 still regain in th?icommission stage * Vi t ,?? them go through the mar o !-.<-tlng :?r:?ce. by p i-sing from tfe II , hand of the producer into the hae*. of the first specialized middle ma. T) and from there successfully from specialist to specialist until finally having changed ownership nuir.j " times they reach the ultimate con? ? sumer. d Incalculable Gain* Possible rl Cooperation has aiready made b considerable headway in accomplish- tl ing the fourth step in marketing the 0 consolidation of the processes. It is probably destined to continue until we havo .a thorough integrated fl coordinated and administered mar- *' keting system. The gains of such an w i accomplishment will be incalculable, tr These gains will mean in the busi- di ' ness of marketing or distributing q ) products somewhat the same thing as factory production has meant in the business of refining products. If j any or.e lacks the faith to believe this thing all they need to do is to n? study the history of Danish market? b j ing development of the last sixty c, years, the story of the California jj co-operatives or even the developI ment nf rh*? -- - ? ?- ..uii ncuiig mucrunery ol I some great .4ftnerican corporation. w In The old fashioned child who used w j to commit the Psalms to memory | now has a child whose memory course pt consists of learning all the movie '? ef A total of 3,058 farmers were si i ! by county agents to home-mix ill.. lertili. "i< in l'.>22 saving $31,- s? pBo.ii. '^0 o!i 17,41? tons. n. The rvopb* protested v hen com- of misfioiu*r> in eight counties wanted t.? discontinue home demonstration ork and now ail but one h :ve deled to support the ag "..ts. Si ENTRY NOTICE NO. 25G7 State of North Carolina, Watauga County. Office of Entry Take for ^ said county. w T. T. Shook locates and enteis 50 th acres of land on the head waters of Ci Dutch Creek, in Shawneeiiav. township. Beginning in the old Norwood jn line, and running south to Alfred jv Townsend's line, and with his line " to James Rupard's line then with his line to Adolphus Rupard's line on to top of (ho white rocks, then with the tli top of ridge to the beginning and various courses so as to include all the th vacant land. Entered Feb. 2G. 1928. *h 11. J. HARDIN, Entry faker. cn w Vf v cigarettl; f lpc I GENUINE H? "BULL" S r*?/ DURHAM tri 4NTED g 1 R an :ric Construction Co. ? Mi r' re< orth Carolina t th. > PER DAY ins Hotel. 1 m" I tos yol THE WATAUC CHR.STIAN RELICS \H JAPAN Documents of Great Historic Import ance Have Found Place in the Museum of Tokio. It Is reported that Marquis Kokujui rokujiawa lias discovered unions hit heirlooms a large stock of old books and o?lier articles relating to Christianity in Japan during its forbidden period In the Tokugawa era. These will he donated to the Museum ol Tokio and that of MJto, the native ?itj it the marquis. The books will l> placed at the disposal of students ol Christian history In Japan. Since the time of the Third Sliogtm there had been In the Tokugawa treasares a series of large boxes known as "ever-closed cabinets." Tlie present liarquis. upon deciding to ot?en them, .vas surprised to find a number o! >ooks and personal effects that ln? rluded copies of the Bible written In lapanese kana and representing the >riginal sounds of foreign language, vblle the dresses were those worn by Tapanese Christians at the time of ths Vmakusa Christian rebellion. Up to now relics of the Christian ra In Japan consisted of paving clones engraved with a cross u|M?n vhlch Christians were forced to walk, ovaries and atatnes of the Madonna i.mi * iiiTU unaer ine rnnn of Kwhiumi, ioddess of Merry, holrilnp a child to ivold detection. These are found chiefJ y In southern Japan, where Christian Hinges also were discovered In renote mountains. dating from the time .v before her. Do yon know." she said, "although he flappers haw the utmost co?empt fpr their young brothers who re Just entering tlie exalted estate f young manhood, thev are not unke them these days. The hoys, poor ears, dash madly around ail week tn lielr hated knickerbockers, and then n Sunday they strut forth in longrousered splendor and a large fund f easily oPVnded dignity. Their 'eler? sisters have been aide to make >elr families believe almost anything, ut. unfortunately, the mothers fail i agree with the theory that a dress r skirt should he sent to a heathen h In esc Just because 'It Isn't stylish ny more.' S?? the abused darlings K-agger In short skirts during the eek and then glide demurely and wlslilngly through their week-end ntes. Rather amusing. Isn't It?"?? hlcago Journal. Counterfeiters Foiled. To foil forgers a new type of hankate has beer, designed for Issue by the ank cf Ireland, which. It Is claimed, tnnot he counterfeited. The secret in itie selection of certain shades P preen and blue which fall to register hen photographed, thus rendering It aposslhle for forgers to duplicate the igravlng exactly The new notes are railah'e In the denomination of one Mind sterling. The central design insists of a large oval bearing the ord "One," surrounded by a sunrise feet made up entirely of tiny letters lelllng "one pound." The reverso ?ens the same coloring, hut the legjt Is a star, with a picturesque rcp'M-iauii'iii of "1'rSn.** flic most ancient inie for Ireland. and rays composed ' the words, "Rank of Ireland,*' Affidavit Should Go With This. Bird -lovers are finding the good imarltnn acts of a certain pair ?>f tgles near Beech park almost too Milan for the monarch* of the air, morally known to be flesh-eating, ith a predilection for rabbits in pai> CUlar. says a dispatch from Tendon, tna da. This particular pair of eagles, find* g some bunnies scrambling aimlessabout In a field, took them up -Titly by the ears and carried thera a neighboring farm. fi^rvr?cmT>.0t>0 railroad ties each year along! ? Mississippi and Ohio ivers. Power of Suggestion. 'Vv'-v do yon agriculturists find so ich fault?" 'I dunno." rejoined Farmer Cornsel. "It's something we catch fro* l all speechmak'n* politician?.** A DEMOCRAT ! HELPED BY RADIO l Broadcasting of Weather Infoi> mation Aids AIL . I Farmers in Particular Have Been > Bcvf'ted by .Recent Advances I Made in the Science. * Tin- marvelous advance in radlo telephony which makes It possible for anyone to receive messages in spokeu 1 words, without having to learn a telegraphic code, has enormously in1 creased the broadcasting of weather information during the past year, not 't only to farmers all over the interior of the United States, but to aviutors and -hips at sea, both on the oceans, ' the Gulf of Mexico and on the Great ! Lakes To receive requires only a limited equipment. Simple and inexpensive. Thousands of farmers have installed receiving apparatus recently, with the result that the isolated rural home is brought instantly in touch with the many kinds of Information. Instruction and information that are being broadcast continually. Weather information thus reaches the farmer as promptly and effectively as any urban business man. Farm operations are absolutely dependent for sue ess upon a knowledge of weather conditions. and the protection of crops from disaster due to frost, drought, , storms and other weather phenomena is oniy possible If adequate warnings ar?? received in time. Heretofore a la rue number of 'the farmers of the ! court*ry were so located that they j co : not be supplied by newspapers j or t -graph with the daily forecasts and arnings of the weather bureau of Cnited States Department of A _: : Pure in time to be of service to - ii. Hudioteleoliony has changed f'J t is. Also Hie number of broaden > _* stations has increased to meet the needs of those quipped to receive tie- messages, a year ago daily state forecasts were being broadcast from 11! radio stations in nnlv 7 ..o.i chiefly by rudiotelegraphv. which few* witt? able t? theater," explained Bluebelle with a I pout. "I sent woiHJ that I'd be down ? in a minute and he said he'd be back s In an hour." t 1 i Ministers' Sons. I n??-" * in element*. An electric I :i: > : h: :-ii up '".por;: a puiuii c wonM .ke it f? a ;:>!? on many farms t to haw i regular re.-.. .a e water sup- ii p'.y n.-tailed m the iarm house, with ii piping . ;auc( as up to date aa f the of a! y city dweiler. fi T1 day thai this system went into y opt vation would be a date which the v farm v . would remember for a long b time Not to be compelled to draw and e carry heavy pails of water many times ti a day would be a magical event in her a life. The first time that she went b over to her kitchen sink, turned the S fatu-et and saw the water flow out a without any further effort whatever, ti would be a moment of breathless de q light. i * Alcos with this boon, which elec- | b trlclty has already carried to some . p HOriE LIGHTiMG AN ART > i< But Possible at Low Cost With dl Electrtic Lights. o jti Light ng Engineers Say Any Home P' win improve Under Light Edison Invented. in Electrlcai trade men see indications ^ hat the subject of lighting the home 8 coming Into its own. Much more ittentLon is now being given this tti lue>;:on. illuminating engineers say. tr han was ever before the case. ui Just as It is now a foregone conclu- ' sr lion that a goodly percentage of new | tb lonies built during the ensuing dec- er ide will be of the all-electrical type, cs iG it is also believed the lighting of j T1 hose new homes will produce aston-: fa aliing and artistic results, in the 1 :ountry as well as in the city. : sb Meanwhile, experts are pointing out n< ritii new vigor the importance of \ m idequate lighting, the delight of artis-: ed lc lighting, *nd the ease with which ' ioth may be obtained In these days . nc f highly efficient electric lamps. A , ti? ommon belief of the public, that to j fia iroperly light a house by electricity j to very expensive, is shattered by an m> naiysis of the matter. j sij It is shown that a moderately large j li< suse can he finely lighted for a sum in arying Lora 5 to 10 cents a day. It 1 sp l also doclared that those who build i tt Page Three BECOME ! BEST HIRED MAN farms, and might tike to every farm. Is the possibility of electric light*. Usually these will be put in even, before a motor-driven painp and tha resulting water system. Almost always the electric lights a 3 the first L _^SI Liectric Water System on a Farm. Motor It Inclosed In Box. thing for which electr'.iity is used on the farm. Many farmers secure electric power solely for the sake of the Lights, although It m"?t be said that they do not often stc. ;itb the lights. Dther electrical improvements follow. Old-Time Lamps and Candies Go The time-honored kerosene lamp, the tallow dip, with its ever-present fire peril, even the almost inevitable lantern, are all apt to vanish and 'sever return when the electri- lights irrlve. Tho. e who have lived on farms, especially folk of th present feneration who we. brought r:p oa iiiEtoeei ura.n Tnresher at .. .,..*. arms, whose youthful period cornered at a lime wnen electric Sight* vere as yet unknown aywhere, can ecall the monotony of taking care of he kerosene lamps. Every few daya they had to be rallied; and almost as frequently the [lass chimneys had to be washed. This latter required care, tor lamp :himneys are fragile, and are apt to te slippery after coming out of warm, oapy water. And every night thoj ame laborious operation was neceaary to "light up." It would take two| ir three minutes sometimes to light >ne lamp. But times have changed mightily on ome American farms?so much so hat the men and women who were toys and girls on the old farm and ince have gone forth to city life fould find a fascinating comparison tosslble ir they should now return, "hey would find the old folks spendug their years as comfortably as city well era. Nor.c of the old routine of ;?hilns thr ps wot;hi be ob: orved. nsload of that, "Pa" and "Ma" would umplacently stop over to the wall, witch .? switch and the rooms would astantly shine with light! Ek-ctria ght! When Tom"' F-Ticor, in.-nnr rst of these electric lights, many ears ago. ai Menlo Park. X. J., and on \V. D. Cool id ge Increased ihe rilliancy of the electric light by hie xporiments at the research laboratory of the General Electric Company, t Schenectady. N. Y., a bright possJ? ility for the farm folk of the United itates. as well as lor the city folk, t once blazed forth. Today the elec. rifying of the farm, although It reuires an outlay of capital to start rilh. is considered worth ail it costs j those who have already accomlisbed it on their own farms. tcir own homes can both instc.ll and aintain a:i id* ftl lighting system fcr ) cents a da\ les* than r.he price of cigar or the cost of an ice cream slica y. Moreover, there exists the absence ' that stoi262t?rv but rrcurrcst irs*?tion that comes from a poorly iu'ed light or a dull light. It Is re cogzed with growing appreciation that ic modem brilliant electric lights ake life smoother and happier to re. Result of Edison's Genius Until 1S79. when Edison produced le first practical electric lamp, such ansforminsr rw>??iKM?*u? ioa temainei lknown. And Edison's work was ipplemented by discoveries made '<+ e research laboratories of the {tonal Elactrc Company, from which ime tungsten and the gas-tilled lamp, taese are roan's friends after night* 11 everywhere. Their brilliance, however, has madt ades very desirable?and thereby a ;w field for the artistic embellishent of the home has been disclos-! The harmony of color with light is >w suggested, with all its pos&ihili?s of those of artistic ideas. Wall Lturea in particular are snsceptibla attractive shades. Shades of parchent or silk, painted in colored deges are proving delightful. Fami>s in which there are boys or girls high school art classes secure some lendld effects from "home talent" km is direction.