Piff Six THE DAIRY HERD Mr. H. L. Wilson asks us to publish this interi'sung dairy article by J. A. McLean Farmers Federation News. Chapter U FACTORS IN THE SELECTION OF A SIRE The Bull of Greatest Importance In the minds of most farmers the chief individual item of expense in connection with the dairy herd is that incurred in the purchase of a sire. As a genera! rule farmers are not buying females; they raise whatever they may need in this respect, or if they buy they do so with the confidence that the milk of the first year will largely return the meiey invested. With bulls it is different. Many dairymen feel that there :s no direct return from such an investment In fact they fee! and act as if the purchase of a bull were not an investment but rather an unprofitable and permanent tying up of capital, and consequently they defer such outlay as long as possible and put as little money as possible into that part of the herd. Thus many endeavor to sec now cheap a bull they can get. instead of how good * ??nf? Yet there is ir: vestment that means more in connection with the dairy or th?* dairy farm, '.hat ha* a farther reaching influence or is capable of snowing greatei profits than Lhi.- very investment. Ar. "Id saying has it that "The hull is half the herd." This is r?;t all the truth. The bu!i is the whole herd as far as improvement is concerned The breeder should always remember that the only way whereby the gvnt ?al average of all the herds of dairy cattle in this country . or any country, can be improved is through the use cf bettei sires. And every state in the United States arid every province ill Canada has a?eat deal to do in the direction 61 iner d prodlctffih yr ||n?al While d.e- b* i'y our .*..!! le WoUllI make a better showing in ccnual production |f mor? careful wntods of feedtng were followed, n vertheiess most our animals: are jjiist as well Vc ;..i should one say as poorly fed) they -ire bred and the room and ei for more care and .ittention in breeding of out animals is very t it. Every Man Has His Ideals The sire in a da.?;, herd i> a means to an end. That end .- the ?iairyman*s ideal concerning his herd. Thv' thoughtful dairyman, studying his herd and its work, graduady evolves an ideal toward which he strives. He observes his herd, its weakness in size. form, production, percentage of butter fat. color, beauty, style and other factors. Gradually from the observance of these deficiencies there should be evolved a very clean concep tion of hie type of animal which he desires and demands in his nurd; in other words, he should form an idea of the kind of herd towards which he works. If a man fails to form an idea! of some kind, either definitely or indefinitely. it is a certainty that if any improvement occurs in his herd it will be by accident. To br;nir his herd to a type in form and production cannot become general practice. Consequently the bull ahouid be the embodiment of a man's ideals regarding his held, and is h? means of attaining these ideals. Type What then should be emphasized in the selection uf the bull.' The things a man wants in his la rd. And what shoeid these things he? Every man r _t 1 ? ;? . -_ :> ,:_r ? sn-Juid lipoi) uiun'riit" Superior typv and profitable production in his herd. T..c '>1:1) .-hoir.u give promise of ffbif to i>e;roi - ?u . .r.n^. i nc best '. v dent- of this ability to sire cows that vv.ili ha\? uniformly mc, c<?:isimi. ? :. p1. :i \ .a lly and dairy production is the ^possession "i U ?' the>- things. A man should indst or obtaining a ir.my of thoe <ksir::bh individual eha;::eUM\> as possible] Po o buils Iad^ idunliy have been kmnvi siiv good cows but they have been at will a e :' - , . :. The rub is that "like pro.i ic< like" and trv. best single guarantee that a buli ys?l frire attractive proger.y is thai he h? attrnetive hi r.iself. Production, fc' F Equally inuportar.i with desirahl type is Brofitable production, and ;hi r generally mar large product?# no simply for short time but for th year ..nd lor tie life ' mc of the all mal. i'h? ability of a buli to sire eow that are heavy pro .. i is tan only b ui,- 1 by .i h;. -wji.isre of his ar.ee. His uidi duaiily will indieat h ut not enough. A; animai cr. transmit to hi- progeny what t !>as received from fci- ancestry Tin I . answer; the ttlwetion "can such rbul! sire high producers" But tl answer can lie found without vvastii time if the farmer will direct : on,...tien to the ancestry of the bi rather than to the bull himself. I | <lam of the hail must bo a high pi ducer, or capable of high productic She is the greatest guarantee of an 3 ity in this direction. Next to Y h stands the sire. Has he sired dauc tors that are high producer^ and is in his turn from a cow that is a hi producer? Uniformly high proaucti in the immediate two or three prect ing generations, combined with his dividuaiity, is the very best evidei if that a bull can produce this thing much desired. Always a Pure-Bred, gj s The bull should always be a pu & ; bred. It is against all knowledge gi jg 3- ed from the bitter experience of h -b". dreds of dairymen to use a sire t ji v. is not pure bred. Sometimes due 5 financial ?tr:ngf ?icies. men will sa\ k young bull from a grade cow that R :>" dividually has many things in her vor, but it is never profitable, r % pure-bred bull of any breed has b of him many generations covei anywhere from 25 to over 100 years of careful selection from the standpoint of type and production- The grade buil at best has the influence of this selection on only one side of his pedigree. and when ho is used on other crude stock there is a preponderance of cold, unselectcd. unknown unproductive blood and influence. Undoubtedly by traveling over the same roads as that taken by our purc-breds and by spending as much time merit could be developed from good grade common cattle, but it would take mor than the full life time of any one individual to attain any good result Consequently, when good pure bred bulls are as numerous as they are there is no good reason to support a man in the use of grade or scrub sires Stick to Your Breed There is much merit in every breed Then* art* defects in every breed. Every breed > good but there is no - best breed except in the light of a man's own particular conditions. Which breed a man should choost depends upon his climate, hi* s the topography of his land, his market his inclination and other factor.- V man makes a mi-Take in choosing a breed -imply on a vague, indefinite prefer-1 !cncc; because breeds differ markedly ) a: d have their special adaptations, i The size, the food requirement*, thei ' character of milk and fat and the other various peculiarities of each breed can be readily learned. Having chosen his breed a mar. usually makes) list as scribes a mistake by abandoning it for some other breed. As onel works with nis chosen breed he will discover fault- ill it. These a:- est I remedied by careful breeding. Chang! njr to another breed simply moans; ! adopting a new combination of excel-' lent - and faults, for unluckilv -or) ; ki!y? there is no perfect br ed, j his indicates clearly then that a man; 1 (! cor^'Mie to Use .-ire- ? :' ".hei -a me breed. How Much Shall I pay .MoTie\v is a >vay- another which enters into the selection of a r Qn to a few nun feel that the o> ices saked for bulls fothc tvr?: .and breeding which they would I to1 are b-yuu; tie ir meat:-. >? these men have rather a definite* ion that the breed*rs of pare regis? tered -tock form rather a close trade combination to hold prices at -jndly high level. Some men who have foMowen dairying for u good m > vriti r-, have acquired by chance o< ?Ic ign one or two pure-bred sires. W uen these men have a pure-'.red b\o: ...If to sell they have difficulty in getting more than $30 or $40 for it. yet the . sire of this calf cost them probably $100 or more. What is the reason for j this difference in valuations, and why ' should desirable sires he costly ? This is a question that frequently recurs. It is well that it does. If every dairyman would turn this question over ar.d study out for himself the answer, there wv>uld be fewer of them buying cheap bulls. Good Bulls Costly. Good pure-bred bulls are expensive because relatively they are scarce. There is a small proportion of purebred animals in the country. Neither are all our pure-breds superior animals. Some lack individuality. Furthermore many of the cows that arc good individuals are in the hatuls of i men who do not prove their produci tion capacity. There is consequently only a limited number of good eo.vs whose ability to produce is proven. the testing ol cows too is more or iess expensive. The proper preparai m of the cow s for the tes'. the feedr.-gelai cart and milking, uiid ouhle incident to the care o? the ofothcial record an item of considerable wepense. These factor- and a hers all , combine to make the good individual i a good typed proven cow comi mand a considerable price in the open market. Poor Bulls V.^re Costly A But such bulis are the only naes it i is advisable to buy Particularly ii this true if one ha.? been using; purered sires previously. It costs just a: 1 much to keep a poor bull as k g?jod one. The only difference is in origrsm outlay. There is? tio othe*r place on : farm where $100 can e so piotiteU] spent than it adding it to Sire cos price of an unknown s'.re and thereby t securing a sir- of assured merit. Tfa< e i wise dairyman who is milking any i- thing over t-n cows can easily se< , that a hull ihosc ancestry arc al :".:gh producers of good type is wort! itiuiteiy more to him than o ?c co\i ,e rr.ing the milking ability o: whos parentage he knows nothing. lie ca 1 <iut afkrii to use the latter at all. an It" ,"2 CwwiiCt nffi'td to uC Vi'ithvut thv f\ aimer. The long r a man has used 5c; pure-bred sire the more careful t ig' must be in the selection of new si**e r 1 His herd has been gradually improve nil J ;n both type and production, ar he j greater care has to be exercised o-j continued improvement is to b-i a >n. t.lined. Afater approximately 10 y ?1- of careful growing up of a herd t! tor owner must be just as careful in t! -h- choice of new sires as if his herd we he pure bred. For this reason if the ti gh' mer has been a careful studious cj on | tleman it is advisable for him to c ed- tain a few pure bred females a in-J gradually convert his herd from 0 ice of grades to one of pure breda a so ' thus get a fuller benefit from his cz ful selection of a herd sire. Use a Tried Sire ire- Another reason why good sires ; tin- expensive is that we waste them. 1 un- many good sires are put to use r?t hat early age, retained for about t ! to years of service and then sent to ^ a j shambles* There has grown up a v in- gene al antipathy against the p fa-1 chase of a mature or aged bull. 1 The is a very unfortunate and expenj ?ack' practice. Bulls are usually good ring j service until eight or nine years THE WATAUGA age. and if sensibly cared for many I are reliable breeders until twelve or I more years of age. Now if the large proportion of bulls are slaughtered at three years of age and have been used but two years, one can readily see that it requires fr?>m three times to five times a- many hulls as are really necessary if farmers would conserve | th? ;r buil>! This is surely astounding ly wasteful practice. Aside from economy, there are other good argument^ in favor cf the purchase and use of okfcr hulls. If a bull is three years old he ha< reached hi> full size (or nearly so) and come- I quently one does not have to guess as to what sort of individual he is going to develop into; he stands before one affording a full opportunity to judge of his size, style, type lines and various physical qualities. His daughters can be seen. These are the evidence of his desirability as a breeder. Thus the guess is almost entirely eliminated. Such a bull should really be worth a more than a bull calf or an untried t . in! A rwi n?ii.'i1!v thcv ran be bought ? for less. Form and Use a "Bull Ring" In several sections a cooperative system has been adopted with much success i:i regard to buii<. An association sometimes called a "hull ring** or a cooperative bull owners association is formed which is very simple and works in effect as follows: Four (or more) men who breed the same ureed of cattle and each of whom requires! the - ; vices "l a ill. agree ach to buy a haii, thes. i'dis to he of equal .a: . . Tfce>, men. V B, t'. 1), each use the ! ::!: which each '>uy^ two at which time they exchange,, being * A A" to 12 IV 'and * "> ' .1 IV*. " - i of two n;oi( year- a; tl. shift :> made and st.I again at the mi of the sixth year. Thus four bulls meet the uesds 1 i . . : : I i \ but one bull io that Lime whereas act- J ing wittependeittty each would have} I .v f .11 : i.is. 1 . ??? ;? <! ;?* in another way, each roan bus had the! servi; es >? four as goo?l a bull j .1 - . ; . - : f Tn? principles of the 4*bull rinjr" are ?o| 1 n i: vi\ s -.y. the <li:lici. t ii?. > : few, that ;t deserws the | ? on o' rati o of ev*. tj community an is bound, to Iwcuir.v much more v.idciv j established fcha.il it l?o-v i> (Continued in Next Issue.) GREAT MEH MtHELY "8e*?ct of the E^arth" Ready Dlfter Very Little From the Rect of Mankind. ! ? One# when a gru?* cmhiHMidor Ited an I-ingH^h king he wic* ushered ; toto a room where he found the kins , on all fours, his sou mounted upe? j l bit back and itdlng h?/n hard. Around the tables. In and out between tine \ chairs, the horse traveled while the gray-haired ambassador cheered the j rider on. Abraham IJn<-sin carried a load of responsibility and case thai might 1 iv* staggered the bravest man. but ii :lie midst of his sore distress he fo ;cd time to slip away to spend an hour with Tad, ami when his duties called him from home be could still J1 find time tj write a note So the child ; he had lef: behind?tender little mes- ( tiages breathing fatherly thought anil . ! affeitioii. Oar ?>\\r. Roosevelt?there was a man s man. hut he fouua time to fa; tiier his children, tie knew how to j ! play with them. Remember that story or him j.laying "hide and seek" in the barn witn Hie pack of youngsters In iu.; cry r tie was ri?d t ?u the United States. There was every reason why he should h rre cried ??1T j from the frolic; he was not as young | as h** had been; hio office- was one or tremendous dignity and of such responsibility as to make his life ru ? his own, but a peopled trust. Stiii he played with the children. Fine object lessons may be iearn id ; from a sajdy of the home lives ,?f r noted people around the earth.?Cat* i uuibia Record. i Twanging the Lyre. I The Kansan and the Texan ".were belling each other of the tborougtzgpi. Ing, efficient nature of cyclones In their respective states. t> Said the Kai.san: "Well, sir, t was i Ir. llh'KJ and 1 was drilling for oil. h? Knew ir was- there, about 2.000 feet dov11. hut I had just got clown a thousand anC ran out of money. Figj ured I was busted. Along came a c?j Kansas twister and ffidn'! do a thing x| but seek the hcttcu: cut of that well jx ami bring in a gusher. II *rd to bfrie lieve, but the well's there yet." ^ Said the Texas: "Sure, i believe iL d TLat's nothing. During :he drought |Q ut 01 IUJ I.UUK ui ?cai ir.vn.1 ??vic if dying fist. 1 set out to drill for wafl?r. G??t down about a mile and still i-ji digging dust. Figured I'd better rid* he over to town and osk the schools teacher how far 1 could go before 1 re struck China. Well, sir, while I wai ir- gone a Texas cyclone came along jt- j took rig, well and all. When I gol >b- back there was a lake a mile acrosj nd and spreading fast, and the Strang* ne part was that tie water was a regu nd Chinese yellow and Just wiggling ire with cross-eyed tadpoles.**?New Or leans Times-Picayune. nxe One of His Favorites. "uo "Our coal dealer must like ma" ai. "What makes you think so?" ,wc "He actually consented to sell n the a ton of coal this morning." cry ' >ur- Rlghtol 'his Customs Inspector?What have yc >ive to declare? for Returning Passenger?I declare thi of I am glad to get back.?Judge. DEMOCRAT MONEY FACTORIES 1 AREKEPTBUSY' European Demand for "Fund*" Keeps Presses of New York Working Overtime. [VERY PRECAUTION IS TAKEN Lvery Sheet of Paper Turned Over to a Workman Must Be Accounted For Through Every Step ef Procese of Printing. New York.?Presses in New York ire work In* overtime to supplement he presses of Europe in the li*e?y >u*lne*s of publishing money. An l? ue of mil Hods of leva for Bulgaria it* i he higher denomination* Ik now 1st j iroces* of being turned out by the | Liner lean Hank Note company In low r Brood street, other Kuropean g?-v- , mined* for which the saute concern < s producing paper money in larg* < lumntiiies are those of <"zecli*-Slovakia* i Jreece. the Serbs, Croats and Slovene*. I Jn addition to supplying Kuropean I *oi:?:trie? the American Bank Note \ jomj .!.* ; has printed money ??r postage < ItaMi'-s. or both, for every Central and I 5our1 American country' * in.out ex eptioti Money, or the equivalent hereof in high-grade paper hearing j [i* psigos, is pouring from the j - 1'oint works of 'lie company In 1 urge volume. One iIn* troubles if the economic* In hot!. Germa/iy and Russia, bid to a certain extent a France and ? Italy is that presses of these focmr' - ,?re too ror .y pu li-Iiing mon iy. I'lii-linhing Ti.?ii?*y s the only >hr< ?e that will describe the opo ration >f ; .ftimu cut miles and n ties of l?ll!s j lavi- _ * * ; ig or prionicaiiy nothing ehir. 1 thorn except the premise of a fovei: .-tit r.i pay. Response \c Noble Gov* i meins that lack the printing facilities to turn out money are calling 1 upon the press*-s of N~\v York to help Hit. and' the presses of New fork are noponding to this flnaitrial eail. Germany ant Fran.-e. but especially Ger Many, are tod Dusy printing tncir own money in this unprecedented situation to be able Jo give any time to orders from the little fellows. The American Rank Note company. In It?? money niui postage*tamp publlshtng business, pursues some <rf the methods wMch hate been Instrumental In ranking otlier lines < American business what they are. That is to say, It has representative# abroad who irep In touch with rfce needn of governments and are prepared ro take up any demand that may develop The European headquarters for securing trade are In Paris, which for years has been the center of the moneyprinting industry of Ehrope. Then there are representatives of the company In Central and South America. These men?experts In finance from the manufacturing standpoint?mnkp if iheir business to study conditions irt all the countries within the scope of rheir activities. The designs of the different currencies produced are either originated in the studios of the company or furnished by the government giving the order. Naturally, no design is printed H !t has he; a improved hy repre m nianvp- o? im* ^avenjiiirni nm.-erned. Mosr of the foreign orders , are carried out under the supervision of commissions set?i to New York. Every Precaution Taken. During the prw.vss of turning out rhc money, every precaution is taken that 1** taken In the government printing rtffl.'C nt Washington to prevent any attempt Jo levy on the product while It Is in hand by employees or by outsiders. and it Is said that the precautionary measures taken nt Hunt's Point are. If anything, more complete than those in force in the government printing office or in the mints. For Instance, every sheet of papei turned over to n workman must b? accounted for through every step Ir the process of turning It into money I? a piece of paper Is damaged it mnsf be turned in as a token of good faith The same care Is taken to prevent de signs from being abstracted. Some of the foreign government have long been customers of the com pany. tJrccce, for Instance, has ha^ its money published in New Tork fo , sixty years. Chechoslovakia and Bui gar'a among the newest of th patrons. Up to the beginning of th Cleveland administration the Unite Statea Itself was dependent upon th American Bank Note company tc , postage stamps. ! Legislators Consider 5 I? Bill to Light Go-Carts r Til* New York State assembly ; ? ha* taken seriously a hill res quiring lights on all baby carriages, fore and aft, "from one hour after sunset to one hour : before sunrise." The hill goes further, too. by requiring lights for every vehicle on the public i? highway, which would include not only perambulators, bnt i > "kiddie cars," sleds, velocipedes, j push carts, and perhaps pogo >a ! sticks, all of which have been t exempted heretofore from the it l need of lights. HONEY IS 3,300 YEARS 0.0 )iacov?rv of Jar In Ancient Tomb in 190b U Recalled by Discover:** in Tut-Ankh-Amen's Tomb. Washing'Hi. D. C. ? Di^OTtry in rut-Ankh-A men's tomb of perfumes rhich sltll retain their stent recalls he equally amazing find in 1W5 of a ar of honey, still liquid and still preserving its characteristic scent after 1.300 yea ra! This remarkable announcement wai j nade in a communication to the Xalonal tteojrraphfc society by James talkie. The honey wai found in the ouib of Yuaa and Tliuaa. father and nother of that Queen Tyi whose Intlumoe played ?o great a part in Akhetaton's religion* reformation. "The tomb was Intact and the oblects it contained were as perfectly /reserved n* though they had only uxon uhir no fev vvopLi hefore." Mr. ftafkle wrote. "An observer described lis sensations on entering tlie place is being very much like those of a nan who enters s town hou?e whfdk ihs been shut up for the swnuier. "Arinchniti stood shout, beautifully arved and decorated with sold, the rnshions on one of tftotn stuffed with Sown and covered with linen so perVctly presets ?d that tftey might have ?een sat upon or tossed about without injury. Two beds of fine design decorated w ith gold occupied another part ?f the chamber. while a light chariot !h perfect preservation stood in a roraer. "One looked from one article to an- , other with the feeling that the entire human conception of time was wrong, j These were the things of yesterday, j of a year or two sgo* "" for: Fifty or sixty head of Cattle, Cows, and Spri sonahle price. All who | cattle at a good price, HARRiSO Sands, N. iSMWBIHUmaiiBBmMBn I All Ready 1 We pride ourselves n the serv and the good values our lurahei quality and quantity in framin .and millwork. We also handle windows, doo ent, and sewer pipe. We do a general rail and sfc one of the largest shippers in Jt down to fundamentals and coir with any in the market, you wi best. Let us have your orders I 3 EAST MAIN AND 1 Reading-Set JOHNSON or \uuiuu-jiis 1'iauc yu'nu'u) JII i ! ) 'If It's to E; | gECAUSE of the f my store have "| demanding the very i of my desire to rendt I service in my line, I li r "If it's to eat, I have , the sort of business 1 J 1 am not content wit *, groceries, enough t ' keep what you wanl II want it, furthermor with every courtesy, to eat come to my p] | the larder goes emp REMEMBER?I an maker and jeweler, do the right sort of My work always sat it must, for it's guai W. A. BO \ MARCH IS, t*23 % I ONLY 2 QUEENS RULE TOOAY Wllhalminar and Wiiz?m Z audita Reign in Holland and Abyssinia. The Hague. HcHland.?Only two Important countries are actually ruled by queens, Holland and Abyssinia.. Queen Wilhelmina ascended the throne; of the Netherlands thirty-three years! ago, and Waizeru Zauditn was crowned at Addis Abeba In 1916i The Abys-1 siniaii <j?e?'n Is a daughter of the late King Meuelik. who was reported dead so many times that the world was un-; f willing to believe the announcement of bis death when It finally earner In 1913. | He was first succeeded by a nephew, i UJ Yasu. But this new king was so! friendly to the German cause in the; World war that he wow deposed by public proclamation, and his aunt wat derated to the throne. She Is forty-seven years old and a member of the Semitic j group known as Shears*, from which the ruling class springs. Qneen Walasru Zaudttufs empire contains about 3,000.000 persona and cos?> priaee an area twice as large as Turkey of today and eight times as large v.irk state. Queen Wllhel-1 > mina's territory in Europe has about the same population a* Abyssinia, but only otie-thirtieth as. much land. However, Queen Wllheltrtlna has colonies with a population- of 47.000,000 and an area twice as large as Abyssinia. Twanty-Year-Ofd Scarlet Fever Germ. That ho had traced an outbreak of scarlet fever to a book used 13* >ears ago by a fever patient and never strain used by the family was stated by the medical officer at Belehamp. Essex ' 'land. saij: Pure Bred Short Horn nging Heifers at a rea> wish to purchase real Write or see N BAKER Carolina 1 o Ship You ice wc are able to render buyers, r offers. We are leaders in both g, sheeting, siding, ceiling, f.nish irs, builders' hardware, lime, ccm--T tipping business and are rated as i>hnson City. When you get right ipure our lumber, point for point, 11 find it vfiil measure up with the DIVISION STREETS | Ls Lumber Co. TY, TENNESSEE at I Have it' act that the patrons of become accustomed to best there and because ir the very best possible lave adopted this slo gan it" which tells all about conduct in a few words h keeping a line of stale :o "get by with" but I t, and have it when you e I treat my customers . New and better things lace every day, so when ty, come and see me. i the old original watch If your time piece don't business, let me see it. isfies?if it don't?well, ranteed. THOMAS

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