MARCH 29, 1923
PIONEER LIFE IN
'' IDAHO
By
L. N. Perkins
There* was on.* mar., a .o.inor '.vortci
lg at the Tyranus Camp that I was
much interested in, his* name war
York ami he may he of the same
family of that name :r? X. C. though
I tftn not positive about that, he was
well niformed on most any subject
>ou ooula suggest, had traveled extensively
over the ininir.' sections of
the North West, but b?* F*v: not accumulated
anything and Iaccounted
il to his love fo.- r>ui.bl?-,g over diff?rent
parts of *re vvrld as the rea
son but i found .i therwise as I will
explain: At the tim* I was with him
he had quit wor-; .. fy wages but
had taken a lease on a certain property
and was w ?**viig it on sbat* ?,
and in a short time afterwards he
struck it rich* and in aboir. twr.
wrcks time clea d $l,f*(?0.t > and as
soon as he got his money he took a
vacation, went down to the Town of
Hailey and was gone three weeks.
When he came back he was entirely
without money, did not have anything
at all to show for his >vortc on
the lease, and went to work a^ain in
mines for wages, and I learned that
this was an uncommon occurrence
among mining men which explains
why there was so many of them who
lived to old \TP\-r?r mnyrioR
never ownc d anything more than a
blanket and cayuse When *n Ifailey
before going on the visit to the
Tyraitus I formed the acquaintance
of a rancher v*ho lived r<n Camas
Prararies. He was an ex-C-.nf' derate
Soldier and had f i rly 'ived in
Missouri and Arkansas, from time I
obtained some information about the
climate. soil, and prodi:of the
Prairie. I t <1 him 1 as oxi * ?
make a tip to Camas and see the
valle> for myself, his name . as W.1
Ham McCurn nad ho had oo'y been a
resident of Idaho throe \e.-i-. but Ik
was wed pleased with the Country,
and insisted that 1 look over t
country and promised to give me what
assistance he could and invited me to
come to his house and make "it my ]
home while I was in the valley. Hej
told us his home was close to a small
town by the name of Soldier about
thirty miles West of Hailey. The valley
then known as Rip: Caras Prarie
is about eighty miles in length and
from eight to sixteen miles in width
The greatestwidth being about the
center of the valley, is surrunded by
hills ana mountains. The low hills
near the valley in this Western country
are known as foot hills, and are
covered with a very luxurious grass
known as bunch grass. Stock feeding
on bunch grass will take on more
fat than any feed I know of. There
are five Carmus Praries in Idaho, so
named on account of a weed that
grows in many places
in these praries. The weed resembles
our artichoke in some respects, has
a bulb or root that is edible, hogs
thrive on it and the Indians used it
for food, these valleys or prarics
have local names to distinguish one
from the other on the day mentioned
we reaches!0Mr. McCann's about sun j
down where We were ho pitaby en-j
tertaie.ed over night. The next day I
we went on ten miles further West to]
a settlement known as Corral, where i
my friend McCarter nought him a;
ranch. Some friends of his had select- j
ed the situation for him before he;
came. I left him i.h n* ami cdMrnv.l]
that evening to Mr. McCarmV, near.
Soldier. This town of dier v as so,
named on nccunt of a d .achment of ;
U. S. troops, that were station. I .
there to guard against the Indian
who were troublesome in ih day^j
in all that, portion of the co: inry.
This valley at that time (July 188G)
was just bc-ginir.g to be settled up,
had only been cleared of Indians and
surveyed a few years. , The first
white settlers house in the valley was
built in 1881 and there were only
three houses built that year, but
when I reached the valley there were
about two hundred voters living
xnere. ^ime an increase in less tnan j
five years.
In the section of country between;
the Rocky mountains and the Cas- j
cades, the face of the country, the j
climate, soil and the native growth
of timber and vegetation is entirely;
different from the section East of
the Rockies and more especially East |
of the Mississippi river Yhe valleys
alone can be cultivated or inhabited
as it is a dry sunshiny country and all
of the low valleys have to be irrigated
io obtain results. The mountains
are high and rugged, the "foot hills"
are higher there than the Grandfather
mountains in N. C. Some very
productive valleys are from five to
seven thousand feet above sea level.
The valleys and South side of the
loot hills are covered with grass and
sage brush. The North sides of the
hills and low mountains have a heavy
coat of fir timber with a sprinkling
of Quakonasp along the Water
courses.
This valley e Big Camas praric
was an ideal one in many respects,
the altitude of the valley proper was
live thousand feet. On the South side
was a low mountain seperating it
from the Snake river plains. On the
North side the*mountnins wore high
and rugged, the top of or.e of the
peaks immediately North of the town
of Soldier was above the timber
level. The North side being covered
with perpetual snow and while it
looked to be level, it was rolling
?enough to drain the water, coriscquently
it was healthy and free from
the musquito pest. There was a small
stream of water which traversed the
South hills, known as Malad river, a
tributary of the Wood and Snake
rivaxs and from the North side at
I
convenient distances three smali!
creeks running through the valley
into this Malad river, thus affording:
sufficient pure water for settlers and
The spring varities of grain were
sown in May and harvested in September.
The winter varieties of wheat
sown in full would not produce near
as much as the spring varities. but
the quality was better.
The climate is very different there
from what it is in N. C. There is
more sunshiny days'in one year there
than any country I have ever known
Very little rain falls, most of the
precipitation is in the form of snow,
in the high valleys it will measure
anywhere from 2 .1-2 to 4 feet in
.depth. The first snow that falls in
early winter is the last going off
in tne spring. During the winter of
80 and 87 measured the depth of the
if snow in different localities and it
was just four feet. The first snowusually
comes the last of November
or early in December, about a foot
in depth and for a month or more.
The sleighing is fine, though the sun
shines most of the time the snow does
not melt enough to be disagreeable
and the weather not cold enough to
be unpleasant. After snow falls the
j stock.
The soil on the Drarie was from
J two to four feet deep, owing to the
; locality, and very productive, it required
very little irrigating. The grain
I crops grown were wheat, oats .and
barley. Wheat would yield from 'M)
j to 40 bushels to the acre, oats and
j barley from (?0 to 100 bushels per
acre. No corn could b> grown ex!
cept very early varieties and that in
. limited quantities. The seasons were
' short, owing to altitude and latitude.
A very cold wave is sweeping over
l ranchers hou:<? their wLeel vehicles,!
get out th? ir bob-sleds and cutters;
and use them ; ill spring. After the
snow falls to a great tepth, for a
mouth or more, travel is entirely suspended.
except where t < roads are
kt pt open by constant t ave 1. Where
the roads are not kept * pen, persons
traveling them are com idled to se
-nov slides. The Norwegian pattern
being the kind used in that country. I
have known good sized congregations
at church and S. S., all traveling on
snow shoes. Usually in February
there is a spt of soft weather when
the snow will sink som * ami pack,
till a crust will form on top and the
travel is good tiil about the last of
March, when the snow begins to get
soft juu must stay in t \e roads till
it gets off. In that ocality the
snow r.evtr is lasen on .van a ram
but goes off gradually w th the sun
the water courses do not get out of
their banks. Some season < there are
"chinook" winds from the Japan current
that takes the snow away in
short order, in two or three days time
the ground* is dry and the roads
dusty.
(To be continued week aft_?r next.)
A SEVERE INDICTMENT
The Charlotte News tuggnti that
when we come to the conclusion that
things are not going just as they
should, and when everything seems
dead wrong we might consider the
following siastistics as a reason:
We spend every year $2,100,000,000
for tobacco; $1,000,000,000 for
movies; $2,000,000,000 for candies,
$1,950,000,0000 for perfumes cosmetics
etc.; $500,000,000 for jewel*
ry, $.150,000,000 for furs; $300,000000
for soft drinks; $50,000,000 for
chewing gum, $2,000,000,0000 for
vwur-J
"ike. For luxuries we spend $22,700uOO.OOO.
Against this we spend over
$1,000,000 for education, $050,000uOO
for graded schools $100,000,000
for public high schools, $20,500,000
for normal schools and $25,000,000
for all church schools and colleges.
And these statistics cause the News
to remark further that where one's
treasure is there one's heart is also.
The above statistics would indicate
therefore that we have little heart
proportionately at least for those of
the things that would bring about the
conditions we desiro, the social locations,
the political adjustments, the
moral stamina,, the religious steadfastness
and all those of more permanent
attainments than we know
in the innermost depths of consciousness
are alone worth while.
The figures represent a tremendous
indictment against the ^people f this
country in the mere matter of their
stewardship, a frustration,of the purpores
lor which wealth was intended
thnt-is enough to make us blush not
only hut t be appalled by the one.-i-Wness
of our heart interests ?
Concord Times.
A THOUGHT
Though he slay me yet will I trust
in him; but I will maintain mine own
ways before him.
He also shall be my salvation; for
an hyprocite shall not come before
him.?Job 13-15:16
50
GOOD
CIGARETTES
lO*
^ GENUINE
2EM "BULL"
fnnf DURHAM
ft JtlK ftJL TOBACCO
THE WATAUGA
"THE FULLNESS OF OUR DAY" g
When every farm, r in the South g
&hal? eat bread from his own fields | a
and meat from his own pastures, and g
disturbed by no creditors, and enslav- j a
ed by no debt. *<hall sit amid h?s teem- |J
irip gardens, and orchards and vine- P
yards, and dairies and barnyards, EJ
pitching his crops in hi.^ own wisdom tj
and growing them in independence j
making cotton, or other rash crops, 3
his clean surplus, and selling it in J
his own time, and in his chosen j
market, (through co-operative order- ^
lymarketing association ) and not b
at a master's bidding?getting his j e
pay in cash and not in a receipted I ?
mortage that discharges his debt, but J g|
does not restore his freedom?then j |1
shad be the breaking of the fullness ?
of oui day.?Henry W. Grady.
It is greatly to their credit that 0
before it- was a demonstrated success A
the Raleigh banks gave encourage- ?
ment to the farmers' co-operative
movement. The Clearing House!
declares that dealings have been i p*
"entirely satisfactory" and declares
for continued co-operation. Banks I
are the heart of a community and t
Raleigh banks have shown that their I1
hearts beat in unisor. with the industry
and hope of the formers.
| LOW
PRI<
In the Histc
Ford Motor
Chassis
Runabout
Touring .
Truck Chas
Coupe
Sedan
All Price* F. O
At these lowest of!
with the many new
rora cars are a d;i
day than ever fcdf
the time to pleei
for reasonably pro
Terms if d?
Lj. bTta
ueali
boone and va
HHH"!iH.!.."<'l!"-'.!IW' H 1IIH. lllfpGPin W8
I "Slimy ;
*Whfn I feel stupid, get constipated,
two of Black-Draught aad it sets me ft
Hablep, of R. P. D. 2, Columbia, S. C.
IH an ngni, ana nave not used any other rr
I of it I am a guard at the State Refo
H or more year*. When I first heard of
j| BLACK-DI
Liver Met
I and the good medicine H was, 1 had
S I'd get up in the morning. I would be i
I bad taste in my mouth, but didn't thin
if stupid sad didnt feel like eating?then
I was then 1 began Black-Draught, and 1
|2 kind of work, ready to eat and sleep. !
I 1 take Black-Draught, and tor 25 years
I wouldn't be without it at all. My wort
I lot I am out of doors, and fresh alt
I r'khulDMd. 1 recommend h to o
Sold Everj
I
V
DEMOCRAT
| JHBJ
AMtMONTOMCCOCa^K?
-Tutfs Pills?i
j
:nablo Dyspeptics to est whatever
hey wish. Cause food to assimilate. 1
Joi'rish the body, give appetite.
DEVELOP FLESH
I
j
EST
ZRS I
ii
try of the |
P Atttnemr lit
wiiipaiijr 'j
. $235 j
269 I i
298 I j
sis 380 I ;
I'ls '
530 I i
. 595 1 j
. B. Detroit Ira !'
!!| j
low prices and | me I
refinements, l!l ^ 1
rv 1- !l
$Kce vaiuc iu- [
ore. Now is L, ? r
j I'"f f
e your order ,
mpt delivery. j|!! J
ssired. i ; '
. jS i'
t J !,
YLOR
i. "
ER ' j J
LLE CRUS1S I j'i ?
'' ' I
v.- Sj^sawi wmr. 1
igj,. I,, j niii iji.j , ,..^Tr-Tl.r^i "S 1
m :
raste"
or bilious, I take a good dote ot Jlj]
raight," writes Mr. Oeorge B. Ijjj >
"It cleanses the liver and I teel IB *
tedidne as I do not ace the need 13! r
rniatory, and have been for three KB ; c
I AUGHT g|j
Heine II ;
beea having i tlied IkBiii vtm B
stifi and tore, and had a stray, SS
k so much of it till i began to feel gl
I knew I needed medicine. It SB
lett ail made over, ready tor any |y
So, lor any return of this trouble,
it has been my medicine, and I II
: is constant I am on my feet a H
r and Black-Draught are aB tbe I
then for I know it is good." H
"where. H
i n U
I
4
"FIDO" P.S HE IS
Literature Promised for the
Lovers of Dogs.
Some Probably as Worthy a Place In
History as Any Human, but
WKo Shall Determine?
It is announced from 1 oughkeepsie
hat Vussar college is to have a colectlon
of dog literature and that it is
o be culled 'The Mary Ann t>iliec
Ion. There will he gathered together
all the printed matter concerting
dogs that can be found, says the
ioston Evening Transcript. There
v'll he books and pamphlets about
logs, newspaper clippings, reprints?
tvart )l,in? ?>.?? hue <>
ind Fldo. Here the enthusiastic dog
over may bit and read for days about
logs, llils is bound to be an Interest*
ng collection and we are sure it will
>e another good feature added to Vastar
college, but it will probubly cocirm
the idea that some appear to
lave that a dog is about as good as
t human being?which he is not He
s neither so good nor so bad aa some
mnmn beings, he is just a dog and
as no more Intellect than what one's
janej may credit him with having,
dogs are aJl right In their place, but
he caresses lavished on them by some
ind the gravity of attention to their
lerformances by others are rather undeasant
than otherwise. Such things
how that a sense o? proportion is
ucki::_. Furthermore, tioas smell bad
ind we isk yeu, kindly reader, whether
have ever been a'*?pia: u?d
rltli a::y dog who clamored r . be giveu
l bath? We trow not, though w?
igre- ivlth Mill that tuer-hy because
ve have not cognizance of a phenom
yritiiiu. we <1<? not remember that the
hilos- jilter made any study of the
vashitiL' of does, hut we are sure that
ih would agree with us.
We do not dislike dogs. On the conrary,
we like them very much indeed,
ind for this reason would not make
hem ridiculous by seeing in them
[ualities and attributes that range
hem with Socrates und Casablanca.
Ye think a good-natured, healthy dog
& a \cr.v good companion and makes
i pleasant object in the landscape. It
s splendid to see him charging here
ind there. Investigating everything,
rylng to frighten cats, finding ;nyserles
in sticks of wood and old shoes
r little dark places 1c the ground,
ind then gallopiug back to you, his
all aslant, a wide and honest grin
m his face. He Is soaked in cold,
resh air, the brisk sun shines upon
ilm?he likes you. you like htm, you
ire both sportsmen and care little
r introspection and tea parties and
iolsheviam, and the cost of living.
Such a dog la a brick, a Sigaore and
he real tiling. II* never heard of
'an, he never will, but r.t.ne the less
c$ the Intermediary of Cai halo's son.
le comes lo you and by his cavortugs,
his plain fidelity ami his magniti
enfc digestion quite innocently stirs in
ou hopeless dreams of being h happy,
are-free animal. It cannot be; you
re a human and must sweat with the
rdained travail of thinking. You
nay conceive from this that Bingo
ins rattier the hest ;?f ihe bargain, but
ememher that even he has had a
one in* stupe toothsome hoard stolen
roru uitn. .\i 2j<i events, we must all
Ike 1 >.tu.<: ami treat him friemllv for
ie deserves it.
Hut there is another side to this
let*1 re Shrinks tiie affrighted gaze
rom its onieinplating, but to no pur ose.
It Is Uittt of the dear little laplog,
the teeny, weeny itry darling that
narls and gorges his way through a
tampered and offensive existence, fs
ie any use? No. Can he do anything
iut overeat? No. Does he cost a
um that would keep a city editor in
pera hats? tie. <Io?s, the little mutt.
Does Ills presence add to the sum of
lie world's blessings? Well, hardly,
tut these who like hliu find in him
n Intelligence far beyond that of a
oung intellectual and a sagacity beIde
which that vaunted of B. FrankIn.
seems slight indeed.
PTIms Explain Tick Eradication.
From 1.500 to 2,000 persons living
u rural districts, often remote from
ailroads :n d citle: are each week
eeing government motion pictures
lealing with the eradication of cattle
lcke and related subjects. The bureau
>f animal husbandry, United States
Department of Agriculture, has a portable
mot ton-picture outfit which Is conrtantly
?-n circuits in parts of the
South where preliminary tick eradication
5s being conducted. Prellmi
iary won anisihis in me explanation
>f the purpose and benefits of eradiating
cattle-fever ticks which In the
Mist have taken an enormous toll from
he live stock Industry. Depending
>n weather conditions and density of
^o^ulatloii. attendance ranges from
T* to 350. Showings are made during
he day and evening. To many pertons
the government motion pictures
tre the first ones they have seen.
With a Proviso.
Supremely happy because they had
usv become engaged, a sailor and his
flrl sat contentedly hand in hand In
he gallery of a music hall.
Bill," she whispered, giving his
land a little squeeze. "T am all ic-all
o you. and you are ill-ln-a'.l to me.
ATM it always be so?"
"Yus.** answered Bill, prompt!. "All
ny life, from now till the second o*
rune, and from the third of November
111?till death. In the time between
he dates mentioned 1 shall be yachtln'
? the Mediterranean."
110,100,000 NOW
U. S, POPULATION
Research Bureau Says Lower
Death Rate, Not Immigration,
Makes Census Increase.
MAY BE 120,000,000 IN 1930
Impossible to Calculate With Precision
Population of Country at AnyGiven
Date Because of Lack
of Statistics.
New York.?The population of the!
continental United States on January
1, 1023. wus approximately 110,100,(WO, i
according to u preliminary estimate I
made by the National Bureau of Economic
Ne^earch of this city. This
shows hn e&tliuuted gain of 4,500,0001
elo<e the date of the last government
cimaiiK
The figures are necessarily preliminary,
Suva the bureau, for the tinal
census figures on birtli and deaths are
incomplete after rhe end of 1920. However,
enough data are available to
chow tliat since January 1, 1921, the
rate of increase in population growth
bus been accelerated noticeably, the
present rate approaching tiiuJ of picwar
years.
Tills more rapid gain in p->pui,:ticD,.
according to the bureau, has been
brought about partl\ bv increase in
net migration, but has been decidedly
reinforced by ? reduction iti the wutn
rate.
120,000,000 in 1930.
At the present rate of growth, the
population at the 19oO census will
reach 120,000,000.
it i> impossible to calculate with
precision the population of the country
at any given dale, the siut.ement
of the bureau says the reason infing
that In many states, births and
deaths are not reported, and even in
the registration urea a very considerable
number of deaths sad sttU
j more births appear to eacupe being
recorded. 'Where are presumably, alsa,
minor errors in the statistics of immigration
Because of the difficulties
I involved, the census bureau has made
its estimates ??f ihe population for the
Intercensu) years on the simple assumption
that the rate of growth Is
the same us In the preceding decade.
Tills census nrocess. which Is termed
a straight line extrapolation, has
mainly Its simplicity to commeftd It
for, when applied, erpors of consider
, able sice irruduaily accumulate as
I changing conditions affect population
growth. For example, the official
method showed n population for January
1, 1920, nearly 2,000,000 greater
than that given by the actual census
i coun* on that date.
Correcting the Difficulty.
The method of procedure devised by
the National Bureau of Economic Be-'
search to eorrect this difficulty Is relatively
simply. The number of births
and deaths have been estimated for
each half year and the increase of
lively simple. The number of births
over deaths has been calculated. Tlsls
amount has been corrected by adding
the excess of Immigration over emigration
for each half year. The population
for June 30, iiViO, Mas been estimated
from a smooth curve, and. figures
have then beer, built up for each
half year until the census of 1920.
The estimate thus arrived at for
January 1, 1920, Is in error by approximately
half a million, or only about
one-fourth of the corresponding error
resulting from the official method of
estimate. The labors of the bureau In
this regard have been under the lmme
dlate direction of Or. Will ford L
King, formerly assistant professor of
! political economy of the University of
Wisconsin, who has been engaged on
this work since 1fi21.
NEW MAP MAKES FLYING EASY
War Department Announces Chart
That Will Be Valuable In crossCountry
Aviation. |
Washington.?The War department
announced completion by the air service
of a new type of aerial map,
which is expected to prove of great
assistance to pilots In cross-country
flying.
Special colors are employed to mark'
rivers and railroads and highways so
that they can be identified as landmarks
from the air. Towns are shown
In the shape they would disclose to the
eye of the pilot, and especially colored
markings show landing facilities, with
marginal sketches of the fields, also
carried on the map.
Steals Nine Cent.; Ja!! and Fine.
swum cerm, ina.-^ 'lcted oV
stealing nine penr'es li .. a news
stand, George Davis was sentenced to
tbe penal farm for sl\ months and!
fined '500. The sentence was remit-i
ted, and the thtet fumed over to the
probation officer.
Cow Ha* Twin Calves.
New London, Conn.?John Morrison:
of Baltic owns a ccw named Sue that'
gave birth to twin calves. Evidently
twins run In the family of Sue. Her
mother delivered three sets of twins
during her life. ,
Wild Boars Attack Farm.
Psrls.?A score of famished, maddened
wild boars attacked the farmhouse
of Maurice Duboorg Dear Lilleboons,
trying to rip open the door and
to devour the Inhabitants M. Dobourg's
son, Jules, shot 14 boars.