News Review of Current
Events the World Over
Supreme Court Bars Reservations to Oath of Allegiance
? Economy Plans for Post Oflice Depart
ment Are Announced.
By EDWARD W. PICKARD
FIVK justices of t lie I
I'nited stat.-s Su- |
pre?- court h a v e ,
ruled, in the case of
Pr-f. l>ou-;as C. Mac- i
of i lie Yale |
di\'.n?tv school. that a
for*- ci:?T who seeks
American citizenship |
must take the oath !
v. i ? i i no reservations \
a '?> >ut up arms |
f--r tiie country it? ,
time of war. Macin
tosh refused to swear
aiie?;:.n?*e without limiting his ohli
jzui.'.n to hear ."i:? . and therefore
is deni-d t! ?? ri.rht of naturalization.
1 r>- - e ?i?-. i<. n w;h made in tlie
M:-s Mane Averi;: Bland. Both
site an.' M;i. are Canadians and
vnv wart: ** service ii> Fnfnce.
Justice Howard Sutherland. who
wrote the majority opinion, held that
the oit-.'s properly came w:ihin the
princ.pl? laid down in the case of
a S. ii a i:n;:ier. j ?:s -* leader.
uti-i wa> denied citizenship on virtual
ly s.i?:.e ur- imds. He discussed
tl.e i.r-.ad omnipotent war power
icr.inted congress hv the constitution.
*.i\ing: "Fr- in its very nature, the
war power, when necessity calls for
i!s? exercise, tolerates no qualiiications
or limitations unless found in the Con
st:' it ion or it ? ippi cahle principles of
International law."
" The conscientious objector." Justice
Suther' :nd added, "is relieved from
the oh nation to hear arms in obedi
ence to no constitutional provision, ex
pressed or implied; hut because, and
only because, it has accorded with the
policy ;?f congress thuc r<> relieve
him."
Chief Justice lluirhes, joined by
Justices Holmes. Brandeis ana Stone,
dissented from the majority opinion.
*TP\VO other derisions of the Supreme
-*? court during the week are of
gr.-at Interest. <*r.e reverseil the
?Igment of the Circuit Court of ai?
peuls sustaining the patent granted
l?r Irving I.angmuir in 1025 on vaccum j
tubes used in radio and other speech- i
reproduction processes. The patent Is
owned by the G?n? nil Electric com
pany. It was attacked by the De
Forest Radio company, which con
tended that unless The Langmuir
patents were set aside General Elec
tric would have a virtual monopoly of
the radio tube now in common use.
In the second decision the powers
of the federal trade commission to
regulate advertising are restricted.
The commission had ordered the Ral
adum company of Detroit to cease
advertising an obesity remedy as
"safe" unless accompanied by a state
ment that it should be taken under
advice of a physician. The commis
sion held it had the right to protect
the public in this way. but the Detroit
concern complain-d that the body was
tr\ing to censor advertising. In this
contention it was upheld by the court.
pUOF. A rcsr ST riCCARn. Swiss
* scientist, and his assistant, Charles
Kipfer, established a new record by
ascending 5-.."'N) feet in a balloon.
They are convinced they reached the
stratosphere and that their observa
tions will be of considerable value.
They started from Augsburg, Bavaria,
being hermetically sealed in an alum
inum ball suspended from a large bal
loon; IS hours later they landed on a
glacier in the Alps of Austrian Tyrol.
They nearly suffocated because their
supply of oxygen mn short, and they
suffered from hunger and thirst.
EVERY time Presi
den; Hoover takes
some cabinet member
to the Kapidan camp
for a week-end, furth
er plans for reducing
the government's over
head are concocted.
First came the Army
an?I Navy depart
ments. and then it was
the turn of the Post
Office department.
Postmaster General
Walter Brown and his
assistants wc re the guests and the
?'victims." and after the conference in
the woods it was announced that a
program had been adopted that would
save $.'?8.<XH).U00 in the present fiscal
year and that would produce many
economies next year. However, it was
emphatically stated that efficiency
would be increased instead of dim
inished and that there would be no
decrease in personnel.
The statement Indicated that the
department lias felt the depression.
It was estimated that due to busi
ness conditions revenues to the de
partment this year would he $08,
ooo.fmo below the original estimates.
' I ^ HIS .? - ..r s Memorial day address
*? hv President Hoover was deliv
ered in tlie memorial park at Valley
Forge. Pennsylvania, where Geo rue
Washington and Uis ragged troops
-pent a terrible winv-r 153 years ago.
and whe:?* more than 3.'W>0 of those
patriots are buried. The exercises of
the day were impressive. Two thou
sand troop-, a- fed as escort to Presi
dent and Mrs. II- over and a battery
from Phoenixville fired the salute. In
his address Mr. Hoover reviewed his
past policies in international matters
and outlined his plans for the future,
especially concerning the reduction of
armaments.
The niizht preceding this, the Presi
dent was the guest of the Union
League club of Philadelphia at a ban
quet where he w is presented with an
oil portrait of himself.
Experts from
1 many lands were
present when the in
ternational labor con
ference opened in
Geneva, but the Unit
ed States was not rep
i m," resented. Secretary of
& ul. I- ,r l,oak appointed
$ M '?"* M:,r> Anderson.
chief of the woman's
bureau, as the Atner
Miss Mary ?' "> nn.l slip
Anderson ~ ?;r"
the special hope that
the conference might adopt an agree
ment banning night work *hy women,
l'ut just i;ter Miss Anderson readied
Kurope Mr. I>oak sent her a cable
instructing her to stay away from
Geneva and giving her other missions
for t lie department.
Making his action public, the labor
secretary merely said the State de
partment had deemed it "wholly in
advisable" to have any one from the
United States government at Geneva,
e 'i.er in otlicial or unofficial capacity.
\ f KS. HARRY PAYNE WIIIT
4 1 ney's memorial typifying the
heroism of tlie men who went down
with the Titanic in order that women
and children might be saved was tin
veiled on the banks of the Potomac
in Washington lu the presence of
President and Mrs. Hoover, and many
other prominent persons. Secretary of
State Stimson presided at the cere
mony. The statue Is tiie contribution
of more than 20.000 American women.
\ 1 IC1IELE SCIl I It RT*. an Italian
born naturalized citizen of the
United States, was executed by a fir
ing squad in Rome after being con
victed of plotting to kill Mussolini
and of other activities against Fas
cism. Sehirrn admitted his guilt, but
said his plans had been abandoned
and lie was about to return to Amer
ica when arrested.
? NVESTIGATION of
* the building ma- 4
terial Industry, espe
cially those phases of
it involved in the let- 7*^^
ting of contracts for
government buildings.
granite and marble men of Nt*w Eng
l::nd. Such, nt least, is the hope of
Senator Henri k Shipstead of Minne
sota. who introduced the resolution
culling for the investigation.
The trade commission, announcing
that preliminary work already had
been started, said:
"In this inquiry the commission
will Investigate and report facts re
lating to the letting of contracts for
the construction of government build
ings, particularly with a view of de
termining whether or not there are or
have been any price fixing or other
agreements, understandings or com
binations of Interests among individ
uals, partnerships, or corporations en
gaged in the production, manufacture
or sale of building materials with re
spect to the prices or other terms at
or under which such materials will be
furnished contractors or bidders for
such construction work/*
has been begun by
the federal trade corn
mission. It is believed
that the Inquiry will
throw a lot of light on
the long existing n.ht
between the Indian,
limestone men and the
he
Senator
Shipstead
Senator Shipstead said he intro- j
duced the resolution because of com
plaints that such collusion between
the purveyors of building materials
did exist and because of further c<?ra j
plaints, seemingly aimed at the han
dling of contracts by the government
itself, that ? ;)t?on* r'-?r ' uildin^s
were s<? framed that they ? ? rly lim
ited the sources from w :aterials
could come.
The limestone-granite: .:rMe r?>n
troversy falls in the ? r . r.g ry
The chrrges are t'::it I" >'*
cates have been too ? '! and
have somehow or oth**r ; " Imii 'na
limestone" into Vhe sp<- ?:? ? ns for
too many government : >->?
Queen Helene '
the new parliament
confirming Helen's ex- >
daring that she i- no : ?-tit
to the riw' :<* ;i: .? ? ?n..- - i to
royalty. !*-? r? ?? 1
adopt the tne; svire as - >!i as it ;?*
semh!?-s, and H? ? ne .. , i\?- t!:??
country permanently soon thereafter,
terminating her un<-ort;> :i marital
status of more than two \ ? rs. ??'?
servanre of the ?pi?-eii"s s;::nt da\ last
Thursday was f.?rl?idden :.n on:*-r
issued by War M ni>;?r ;; .me?<-u
and authorized l?y Premier .1 ? ? : -a .
Helene div??re?.j ?"ar??l u I ile lie was
in es lit- in li'28 with Mugda Lu scu
When he made a ii.i intl. i'v _ re
turn to Huehnrest lit-: year s! e
spurned his overtures toward a r?-?*
onciliation and steadfastly refused to
be crowned with him.
SPAIN'S new Re
publican govern
nient is far from h?- ng
stabilized yet. Us
troubles, both exter
nal and Internal. < ? n
tinue to cause some
uneasiness. Accord.ng
to the authorities In
Andalusia, martial
law which was pro
claimed there several
weeks ago may have
to be continued in
definitely because of
the turbulence of the Communists. Al
so. martial law has been reinstated
In Klda, Valencia, where there was a
violent revolt last December. The
army, now under command of Don
Francisco \guilera, the new captain
general, is kept in readiness to sup
press any uprisings anywhere, of either
Communists of royalists. Elections in
Catalonia resulted in complete victory
for Colonel Francisco Mucin's party.
The assembly therefore will be dom
inated by those who demand autonomy
for Catalonia under the authority of
the central government.
The other day the Republican gov
ernment issued a decree guaranteeing
absolute freedom of worship to all
religions. The pope regarded this as
a clear violation of the concordat still
in existence between Spain and the
Vatican, and he sent a formal protest
to Madrid after a conference with
Cardinal Segura, the expelled primate
of Spain.
OIIIXA appears to be on the brink
^ of another civil war. President
Chiang Kai-shek bitterly denounces the
Communist rebels of K wanting and
Kwangsl provinces and says the Na
tionalist government is forced to
choose between accepting Communists
into the party, which it will not do.
or resorting to war. targe bodies of
troops were reported to be moving on
toward Canton to attack the insur
gents.
THROUGH its Chairman, .T. Weston
Allen, the national crime com
mission makes a report asking all j
states to pass a uniform law regulat- [
ing theft information, ownership rec
, ords >?nd registration to check the
growing evil of ausomobile thefts and
the use of cars that are stolen by
criminals.
The committee also recommends the
enactment by congress of the bill
which makes criminal the transporta
tion in interstate or foreign commerce
of property stolen or taken felonious
ly by fraud or with the intent to
steal or purloin. The bill passed the
house of representatives but did not
reach the senate during the last ses- \
sion of congress.
HAVING changed his mind about
appealing , from his conviction 1
and sentence for bribery, Albert B.
Fall, former secretary of the interior. !
has asked the Supreme Court of the
United States to reverse the decision
of the District Court of Appeals. His
brief attacks the validity of the in- j
dictment and the pdmission of certain
evidence.
((ck. Mil. Western Newspaper l'nica.>
Den Francisco
Aguiiera
Life and Habits
of Pocket Gopher
The Growing of Leguminous
Crops Make Life Easy |
for Little Rodent.
? PreDar^d ov t.'te ? "lilted IV: artiK'nt
of Atfricu:' ir?- ? ? UM' Sei ? ice.
"Habits and Economic Status ol the
Pocket Gophers" is the title of a new
technical bulletin iust issued b> the
United States I >epartment of Agricul
ture. The author, Theo. II. Sehefer,
is .i ii associate biologist ot t*je bureau
of bio!o_ ' .il survey stationed at I'uyal
lup, Wash- and has had many years
experience i >? ictititic observa
tions of feet pollers and other ro
dents. e?p. n . .ii ;! ? r relation to
a ^rieuli tire
Rodents Widely Distributed.
"The extent t ? whi -h pocket goph
ers affect the interests of agriculture
is becoming more ::;>parcin each year."
says the new hulb-tiu. "Scarcely any
group of native rodents is more widely
distributed in the In; I State*, an !
certainly none has shown more readi
ness to adapt Itself to the ??hanged
conditions introduced In its brutal by
the farmer. The growing of such
? rops as alfalfa and eiover has made
life easy for the pocket gopher. since
These plants furnish an ni-.tmlant food
supply in their roots and are usually
maintained on the same ground for ti
period of years. lleclati if ri of des
ert lands also has furn sS-d new food
supplies and harbor lor these rodents
and lias assisted the;r loeal wander
ings." Such changes :..\e favored the
pocket gopher's rapid in? :tse iu many
agricultural sections until, according
to the bulletin, it has become one of
the most destructive mammal pests of
the country.
The bulletin discusses the appear
ance and general habits of pocket
gophers, their disposP ;-in and senses,
the sounds they mule, the burrows
they dig and the moun-N they pile up,
their active seasons, .mf '.heir breed
ing habits. Sections also are devoted
to the food of these rodents, their nat
ural enemies, and their damage to ag
ricultural crops, incluii'.ng alfalfa and
clover, natural grasses, root crops, hor
ticultural crops, irrigated crops, and
pasture and range forage.
Control of Gopher.
As for the control of the pocket
gopher, the bulletin suggests that this
is it"i extremeiy ditlicult but requires
persistence and co-operative effort.
Details of control methods are not dis
cussed, but it Is stated that the meth
ods tested ami variously employed In
clude fumigation of the burrows of the
pocket gopher, trapping with especial
ly designed traps, shooting and poi
soning. all either individually on sin
gle premises or in general campaigns
of community co-operation.
Copie of the new publication. Tech
nical bulletin 1TJI-T, may be obtained
at 10 cents each from the Superintend
ent of Documents. Government Print
ing Office. Washington. D. C.
Pure Bred Sire Signs
Popular With Stockmen
In conducting the "Better Sires ?
Better Stock" campaign in co-opera
tion with the states for the improve
ment of domestic live stock, special
ists la the United States Department
of Agriculture have observed the evi
dence of unusual Interest of farmers
and stockmen in the lithographed bam
s'mns being offered *o persons who are
improving their herds with pure-bred
sires. The department regularly grants
certificates of recognition to these pro
gressive stockmen, and. on request
also furnishes n barn sign, measuring
10 by 14 inches, bearing the words
?'Pure Bred Sires Used Exclusively on
This Farm" Enrollments received in
the campaign in March showed that 71
per cent of the slock owners request
ed these signs in addition to the regu
lar certificates. The sign is printed
on heavy weather-resistant cardboard
ami is lithographed to resemble a
bronze tablet.
A recent development in the cam
paign for pure bred sires is the interest
which several county agents and live
stock specialists have shown in hold
Ing meetings and distributing the
si^ns to stork owners qualifying for
them.
Trap Japanese Beetle
When Infestation Light
In the summer of 1020 approximate
ly Japanese beetle traps baited
with geranlol were used by the United
States Department of Agriculture in
lightly infested areas, and In 11X10 the
number was increased to 25.5S3. The
, department recommends trapping only
I where there is a light infestation. The
j baited traps attract beetles from a
' great distance and If used in heavily
Infested areas would draw abnormal
numbers from neighboring properties
to the property where the traps were
used. The cost for bait and for oper
ating the traps was $1.06 per trap In
1029 and $1.63 In 103a
Delay in Immunizing
Hogs May Be Costly
It Should Be Done Shortly
After Weaning Pigs.
(PrfT>ar<jO bv the United Stalin D*--. artni.nt
of Agriculture) ? WNU Service
The objection of many farmers \0
having their swiue herds immunized
against hog cholera on account ?.f coat
comes principally from those who wait
until the hoys are full grown before
using the treatment, says I ?r. T P.
White, of the division of hog-cholera
control, bureau of animal industry.
United States Department of Agricul
ture. In sections where hog cholera
is more or less prevalent year afi?r
year. Doctor White adds, the se ?:??
treatment is the only safe method .f
protection. In those localities the m
munizing of the herd should be a
lar practice just as castrating. ?1 k
ing. dehorning, and other common !"??<?
stock operations. As in the case of
those operations that are practiced
early in the life of the animal, it is
preferable to immunize early.
In experimental tests and under cer
tain field conditions piss a few d:iys
old have been Immunized against t ,
cholera. In geueral practice, however,
opinion seems to favor immunize t;on
not long before or soon after weaning.
Even at that period, when the ; gs
may weigh from 30 to *10 pounds, he
amounts of serum and virus necessary
to confer immunity are much less than
for grown hogs. he cost Is corre
spondingly lower, a pig of that age re
quiring in some cases only a thirl if
the expense necessary to treat a full
grown hoc. Also the veterinarian
llnds it easier to handle young pi *s.
If a young pig dies the loss is sni:ill
compared with that of a larger hog.
Family Berry Patches
Being Re-Established
Research dealing with diseases of
small fruits and development of new
varieties has made possible the re
establishment of the family berry
patches, according to A. S. Colby, Uni
versity of Illinois.
??Both local ami distant markets foi
quality fruit are expanding raphHy.
Even more important to consider is
the fact, not generally recognized, that
a patch of raspberries, strawberries
and other small fruits may he cared
for easily on a small piece of ground
In conection with chickens, a vegeta
ble garden and even a cow, a com
bination which will help to make a
family self-supporting and pay hi*
dividends in health and happiness us
well." Illinois circular N'o. 30T? will
help >ou.
Nothing Replaces Manure
for Soil Improvement
Cover or green crops in the rotation
of garden vegetables cannot replace
manure for soil improvement, accord
ing to results of a six-year trial of
the two methods by Dr. J. \V. Lloyd,
University of Illinois. Doctor Lloyd
presents his figures in a new bulletin
"Fertilizing Tomatoes, Sweet Corn
and Muskmelons in a Three-Year Ro
tation."
Manure and limestone are applied
to the field starting with the melon
crop, next year bone meal or dried
blood Is added before the tomatoes.
The third year sweet corn is grown
without nny fertilizer, for best results.
You can get a copy of this bulletin
364 by writing the university.
Swine Feeding Tests
In Missouri swine feeding tests last
year the addition of alfalfa meal t<> a
corn and tankage ration increased the
rate and economy of gains, li pounds
of alfalfa meal replacing approxi
mately 32 pounds of com and 4
pounds of tankage. Adding small
amounts of cottonseed meal or lin
seed meal and alfalfa meal increased
slightly the rate of gain ;nd decreased
the feed required per unit of gain as
compared to tankage alone, but large
amounts of cottonseod meal had the
opposite effect.
Timothy and alsike clover can he
sown successfully up to October 1.
Trees may be used to good advan
tage on bits of land unfit for cultivat
ed crop.
? ? ?
To do a good, clean Job of cultivat
ing, all shovels should be sharp and
polished.
? ? ?
Losses of seedings on land that Is
not adapted to alfalfa Is what makes
alfalfa expensive. Be sure your land
has enough lime.
? ? ?
Omitting the Inst spray on the po
tatoes Is like letting the Iniurnnc?
laps* on the day before the Ore. As
long ns the vines are green spraying
will help to control blight and rot.