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v" - CONGRESS - ";
" OF THE UNITED STATES,.
."HpysB of Representatives,.
Tuefdajf-FebJ. 19.,
; - 1) E B .A T E v ;
- On the Judiciary Bill.
:'''f ;:-l:r ' '" ".
- :.('Mf-S 'QayarA'ffficcb cmdudci.)
I re ern. again to the Ab jsa.before, he cam
:fmn the unplcaf.tu digrcfltori to which I wi totted
..,to (uKmiit'-id ordsr to repel iifwiitia whiebvwere.
wlrter4 w-hivc tic wirit-cl wait, sbeoid
which, are (uppofed hx fo.c weighty ;bjf , j8iie
ntenoainc otiwriiijc v u u iv, m ii-ipe' t'i :
nrefaoftoirteaend thft-j'Jtljerjuittwtj.-.UrsmQvcii by,
Jaw, it would be.'ln'th power ot vtWYxt.erc3ie.v
!). ai nic.n 10 live f,jiau.iant wu mif i.viiijf.
T'jit argument ia
predicated upon an esireme aiyw j
of powef. which pis oevir fairly be rtr.d to trcftrsil
tie legitimate ekercjie of it t ai weUmtgjtt ft b iir; . 0-,io. - The duiiet of the court o tht citouit ii di
gsd, 4 hat . .fubfaquflai'coawcft.tod ' light a wjdtt.cjf.. teftedto'be performed by a circuit judgj and the
irtr faUry of a judge, or of a Pijjfideoii .fixed by lfwo iliftrjft jndgea ol Keitueief and Tcuueffee'.
founer coog'relt, .becaufe if the right, ilid not purely ii.it com pel cut for the legiQa ure to create a
tuilt, one eoitgrefa might con.'er n fry ' of iourt, ad direft thtt ii fh 1 be holden by any of the
jio.aoa or 4,t0Oi0 '-dollars to thev nj'rf.c(Uiiog juJgta. ! If the legitlature had done with
ifn.ntut of the country. . I: will be tiiae enoaih tU ttfpiSt to a I the dijirict judgea, what theyhawe doae
decide tape Uwti: evreintcfci,, wieiJ, tbey OiC(tr. JJih refpeft to thofe of Kentickey aoi'Tenneflee, I
We are told. 'hat the. diitrioej we'tome,d fotr (: iai oqite certain that the prefeot -obie&ioti woold
b et ooe leMituvt to derogjtc Troaa the power t'
nother. Thrt it"-ttribn.:e'io former' powti
which it denies to a fuhfequent lejifltture.
Thit ia t)t corieft. We ad.-nii,Uai tbit eojigrert
poffeSftt til the puwst p?ir.-!Tjd b.lalrcoogrt. Tbt
coufcft hid a power to cJ-LUih t''tt, io hat the
preient: That cougiefc hd not, nr. did it claim the
. pw :t to ab.iiift .the .oise ' a j dgt wWkuJtiwM
fii'ied. Though tlity thoui'hi fi judg uider the
ne i7U-m; k-ftdect, lO.COitAilOie the Xoptt-ius)
cut, in-y thd tut attempt to touta ttie out ijarcely vined by the late law, and the amount ot .
ciUi.her of tiVHc jndga. ihigh thsy Condpredftk:chiige; is, that they are aiiefted. to rxercife :
it iM:t conv 'Oieot to have.eireui- judg. to Ketuck-
ey, a id run.Ui3, than dillnct jadgca, they did not
1' th.irhiodt upoalhe"611ccvof toe dittrift judgst,
Vk'e iberror deny uo power to thi congteft- whish
watiioi deoied ;o tbe lid"., Au tionorauic merol.pf
from Virginia fltfr. Th.mpf) ferWufl expreljU
hn alarm, led the pfijuiplci we .contended (or
fhould introduce into ths lountiy a privikdged or
d j of wen.. . The idt of the ge.Uepi fuupoliaj
thit every office 'H st.f iU IUbli(bes a priviledgei
ordtr. Vh?juijret have their oi.:e for o;e term,
the FieAJaot, the Ifntrti n ih ntcmVri of this'
fcoufe fcir :diftVi( urtrnt. . Wbilt ihele ttroueodnrei
ihcre l; a piif iUJge to h.!d tue pUcs, aad uo pow
er evfls to remove i li'il.h be what the ge.iJeman
mean by a p i led;d Oidrr, and bfl agieta, lluiihe
Prcfidcnt.lhf ioiuiori uJ the inemofit oi ton noils
be oaf to privii'dged or.iert, t ihill give myfclf no
trouble io dtn,', '.hat the ju.iget'lttt carter the fame
dtlf.iiption ; and I believe that !h4 gn.le:nan will
had it dilaeuit to thew, ttw ,in auy o.ner manner
if are privilclg-d, . I d-d nut futol: ttal t.tis
a' r meot wat fo much sddreTcl t a thi under .land
iiilt of a-totVraen upon tliii fijor, at to (he picjudi
t.tt and paGW.i of people out of donS. .
U mat orgrd withdpie impreiiiea Dy the honors.
b!e member tro.n Virjinii, to. h)oi I lift letri'cd,
thct the pofuion that the office of a judge rilit pe
jj'nan f.'urrt him by law, was net a new doctrine.
That it was eittfciiCud ty ih very au now dtligned
to be repealed, which wtt defcrhedtn glowing jan-
guge to save mBiCteJ a gipmg wouao on th con
Hiuttloa. ana to nvi unuej wite lit oooa tne at.
g:t of ourSitiuie bookt. It lh l my talk, fir,
toclofa tbit g jing wo,un.l, and to wa(h from :b pa.
rt of our Sutbia bok, the hloid with which they
were Qtiatd. It w'nl bo an eafy tsJtto (hew to you
Cit ernftiQtitn widioitt s waad aad lL Suute-bogk
iihoat H (UU. ' , .
V.it firkiae)th fro. of th biUof the ltd. ft Ton,
n t tae hvftnubK member oahderi ai having ia
B ;M the ghat Iv wound o ih ca3itouor, oi
which he hs fo terliogty fjukto, Tott fecllon a
hoi. (Set thaancie.t ciuibt count. But, Gr, have we
ootendtd, oi htlhe geat emtn the wn, that the cun
friio'.ioa yohlbut iW abolition of a court when you
ti not aattC'iatiy acta ot any Cegtea unnic th
MCKUtnci I ln, cohii it noihira- more
... . -!'.J . .
ih in a-place where s judge is dire&ed it diUbtfcc
cenaie oqucs. ictn it no ahOt yoa may ritu a
rcw couu aMa airtci u io M noiien or iue iuJe-
i the fu;weme court or of the dittrift coait'. ,.od
the fu.-weme court or of the dtttnet touif. .-.odl
I Oiould afietwtrJt be ovjf pUafure to tbolifh 1
. . .a in . i T
:'.! court annot be laid thtr vos drIUay iht ol
(ktt of tb -judges by whom U til sppousted tLuut
toitt In n:p: 6 holden.
Thdt ft wa direarj br the oii'nal iudicial Itw.
hlu circuit lho4ld bt bflim at Yoik. own in the
ttrift ol rei.fy!nia. This court wst altei watdt
ilifheJ. bitt it at nevrt iigttl,lhat tie old;
t inyj.d wtt tificUk let me fuaonfe that a
' it atit-iiled into two dlnfti. and di'ttiAcourU
I' .v'jIi.'ktJ In etch, but ihtterx Julgr la appointed
li law lt iKharte the ind ent d l ift ia b.t.k
.rtt. Thaansos.wnaat is lteradt luuud inc-tn.
f t. sl ea el ih count ia abo!il!ia l. Inih.i
iia.w.l',UlcCaUtbillho!uenMtutiJrr it d-.
Viot,, , jjii 6ndenc sQoltd I TH tuti
fo wintw gfrtt'tmcn have f.tlen on thit futj'et, has
.i ml enitleirltliifif U ffiai4 what ihv bat
""'"P! loptave ad wbti ttanvl be. Lpon-1-1.
ihtl ltL t oi a lidt andaavcaun im -a... k
I-1 omiaiet tr ,t, itmf lhf ,, u m j( t,t(f hM
r " V fc 'r.f,d snJ dlrtv't'dte peilorm
, iMrt lcvertitr4iM,an4that iht di'th r tiag hii
i.n the beiMrmtnt 4, i. u. .i
,pmo be deemed ai itUmim iH of tin
i -e tit the latecucMit m... . !.: ! .a..,..
- - . . ..... Hlfl.lHII
tareum -nt. aad tt rotl.r,' J.-in..,..
imtneft, it any ear wkith eat be put. Thei
n mmaiiy a: y juugrit.1 iMnl(tli eu. fh
al was irv4 i a noietn by iM J .,IM e ,t
,'ijanf altbe ti tiui tw.u. U nlm Bi
t te sea. ; iflCiiKd sad dij.a4 (0 pff.
w. . J
r'
form cert si' dutitt i when affociated and in the p?r
lufintnce of thole du iei,ihey Mjete dnominied the
cir uit tourt. l'tiii courc is aboUflted; the ooly con
L.) irce ii, ilit the judg-i of the fupreine anil d(
uicl cnut ar (if:lurgsd ,JVpiB the ' pettorfoance of
ibe j jin: ilu.icj wiiKH vvr pfevioud) impoled upoft
them : But iitli otfi.e af due jade; ol the :fuprem
(.r uf the di drift cnaiu iafringe i ? Cao ay juue
Uy, in cJ'!j ienc of the abofiaon ,;o, the circuit
count, t uij longer htA fnv clfice ' durtn cnod be.
hiour. ? O.1 thu point it wm further alledged b'y
ti.v lime' hunrhle dumber, that -iht law of the Jalt
OiHiuTii iuil &l anothet wpufli on -iho on(iieutioo,
bj ibolifhitiz :the4"tiift court f K'omrltey rtd
Ttanittee; The fcMt1enfcn was here cltceivcd by the
ferns' fTlsr, wUkh ov&ti Wrt o the ftffeieiVof the
KTt 'Court; : If hriwpvelilnauiMhe uouWeot
djfctiii iie ftiluloa, attcmion of the tegiflatute ,to
jvu ijiir.t'.ngroicni oi tne orricc ui ui ji jimgcj.
1. beijevo Uteiutlemsiii'wertt iiaraa tomrff ut
- pointuig by la lbfe- judge to acw ot-
f. . , . - ' '
The 1 referrel to eabliiUe cirvmt, ' eompre-
'fcsudifta Keuiuckev. TennelTee iod the dilria' of
hie aooeared entiiely feroundlef;. Had they direc-
ippeared enliicly teroundlef'.,
iledtbtt ail the. circuit cputts fhnd be held by the
.tefpeftive judget within the circuit!, , gtatlcmen
wouiii hte clearlv Teen, that this wat only an imp
fubn of a trew duty sad not an tppoiatmest to a new
office
It will be recoll.fted.thjt under the old ellsbHih-',
tnentr the dittrift judges ot Keutuckey and Tennedee.'r'courtt of thi trailed' Stltts, where does . it Irtd the
'wore iaellcd, generally wita the piwsia 'of the cir-.j peqple ? .;lt leadt them to she gallowu trt oa fup.
cult I ud.'.tt. -The ancient pawera ot tbofe iudiret are , Dole that conrela. f rreiful of the HmiU ' of the au.
iVi powe S it a - court tormeriy caiieti a nu. ;
inftkbut now a circuit court, ' and at other placet
thin thore to which ibey were formerly coafined
wui tr.a oiuiict juuge nomicauy rvmatni, ma omcc lne count upon eh arges 01 trcatan. IDeltw u ua
both Jiniaslly and fub&f.oually rxtOi, and h holds eonttituionsl, the people hive done right, but the
jt now at he did bctoie, duriaf good t)tbtiour. I J court tr bouad by t law nod oblirfd to pronource
win retcr got"m-ii to dittirtnt -proviiiont in ttie j
tc itw, wmcn win iaiw ey jua aeaisi, iuai in i
fifluut carefully and pointedly avoided the aft of
auuWlhmj the ulftjct of thole judjet.
, e?th lec. ottbelaw pravidts tbat the court of
taa6(h sir coil fhallkuieniaacd ot a circuit iudfa
r od the judges W Ux di'lruJt courts of. Ktatuctty
and TenncUce." II is-attcrwards declaied lit tue
Ixiae lection, " thit there (hill be appointed in the
Ctti cicul!, t JuJgt V tits United State;, to be called
a cucmrjddge, ho loctliet wttli the diltncl judge
of TcooelUi and Kcutuutey fnall hold the circntt
to Jrts hereby directed to be holden within the ftme
circuit." Anu finally m th; lame fcttiun H it pro-
videj, " Thu wr.euevei ths ulH; wf dillrift judge
in th. dUiidt ot K'ntuckiy and Tenncdee refprc
lively, become vacant, fuch vacancirt (hall refpcftively
be fupjiicd ty the appainluient of to additional
cirtar judget in tba fa d circuit, who together with
the circuit court slorefaid, (ba'1 cornpoie the circuit
cuu'iof the fail ctrci t.y Whet the exprelt lao
gu't;e of the law afRnoi the exidenc of the office
and e-f inv q.tuer, by ptovidmg tor the Contingency
pi the officer ccafing to fill the oft:e, with nhai (jca
n gtbtiemet) coottad ihatihe oflic is abolithed 7
They who at rot fitiifttd upoatiiit poiot,l dafpair
ol convincing spon any ether.
: Ltioo t ie mam cueition whether toe t no ret bold
tlter oiT.cct at thj will of the Irgiilttutr, ta argument
ol grett weight and tccordmg to my bumble judg-
mtnt, ol UicuittbK lore, dill lemtint.
The Wgiiiiuv potr of the government jtnotab
fu'ute po; limitted. v 2! itbedoabtiul better the I.
g.UMme tut en w&ac ibe couuitutioa aoet not ex.
piicitly tvtaomet yrubrietta be no que tioottht
thif ctoiivit d- ttbat the cnJLituua ixprtlaly erjhi.
ti t Tt mnaiaia ibticfoic the conilitunon, th
kdr " check epnn the lt-;(lttut. Thit doc.
uinn kaw it dratcd, tod U itibeirlore iocumbett
u .on rat to (hew ton it it found.
, . It wit voce ihou;at by ger.tlemea who now deny
the jt jnc plr, that the tt!ety ot the citi'ent and of the
that icUri upon ih pvtr pf the judg't to declare
t uncon.ii wiiori'. Itw void. .Uaw, vain il a paper
ftliiicl.n i I it CosiUt ntilhn powtf nor light. ,Of
w'..,t i.pjrt.ot u ittoUy, Corg git are piohjbittd
li in doing pertain act, , if no kgiiimti auihotiiy
. .
W, kv.iutmMii wuei.ir an art o.i n:r.rn the fcodnei el tbe ConDitution, aad leiter
it.a ptol.mtrd H geniUmen ptiecive the led the laihntity of ihetnvrr. I sm not, f.r, difpo(d
toprttjvep.es which would fulUw fiom.iltibiiftiag ,lo ,., but Uaodingon this grour.d,' I throw the
the artnriple, that Cong efihttc be etdnTwa eigne 'gjuntlct to any chtmaioa upon iht othrr de. I csll
iO dKieap4aibtir own powert t Tbii p.in.iple .poairvcm 10 miimiin, thtt ! ccLi&on between a
.Jiucrd, dort .y cnnil.i Aion lemtinf Um not paw, and the coaOiimUn, the, judges are bound 10
t . powet ol the l;.n.;.i become sbfo.ute tad tn. I fnppoit the ltwi and annul ih conliuiiion. Cm
eifo-entf Can you talk ta then t-f irmfgieffiag ,S, gentlemen ret leva ihrmlelrei (rem ttitd.ltmmt
ih.vc powers, when no on hn a rgU i judge td , Wilt thry fly, ikavgh a Judgr bit no powei la P.o.
ihoisponrtiibutibtmfcUn? Thr. do what 11 not 1 nounct Uw void, U bat I newer to decliie tbe
tjih iid, ilify do what it inhibi ed, my, tt etery coo(lnjttn invalid.
rp theynempJ il.e rouHuuiioo uadtr foJt t yet I The dtrim f.r wMch I aea contending it not
.J. !1. , . . 1 'I.
im wiui ira pinning, ana ii ia l-tiion :
tn ifiid ihtrt. U ft i I, mi, do ih drftrinet
Ml.Uintolifnlcgt tlrmtn agree, lbty ted u they
at Inrndly to the ttileate ol -iht 6ti t : thai ihtt
teih It . d of t(d'iatitlbut the eienirt of aeon
llidatd 'i titl tntrmmeai, and y, (n, lo cco.
pUili t ft ity otjtU, ihey are wil.iog tu Uu!e a p'i-w
i plehicH. beyond li doubi, wuuli tvrviuil y
tilaiA a coofo'idtttd getmnvnt with nnliaailud
(jwrr npoa the mini ol ibt flate gsratnltl
, NUn g can be tnoi abfutd llanie cnnio4 tktl
iKsrt uiptatlictl rtaitiat, epixt apoltilctl bod y ah
t'S solwerslt to not bi4 IhemCeUet lor lb it
ua.i of ibe tt'iaiai, and wb tn dm, i,9m K
vtitft olnolmoa, uoitciib jJilu,ioit tl iht i
(induct.
If Mr. Chtirmta, )nu met to f tv i tenQimtioa
you mad ( evet pewtr to wbkb the a.knw1ej.
gtd I'l'iiis lua- trdel r9nciir.(ir 'ih Invalid 117
1,
of ty tftt eiUiiflMrjiVltiiljeoitth. tnrlir pteqaky of tfta'e i which ctecifwn
ttroihcnt. . "' ' .-'f ;.; 'r9ld'b'had, where u alrawo qocftion -..
Dirt the pbwpr re(ideui the ftctel? r1 tlat the k-; toRlljj of treatv or ihtotc.of or an authority
giflnure ot a fTatea right to decltte b afif of X'l) VxtfcffifJ, Undt the United Sutet, am! the decifjoa ,
grefs wid 1
una wuum nc tfiiuj; upon., uis wjjij
Jt should be'p1cUg Ux gtflttii go
Cut extreme.
vernmentat the foot of ,xhe Bic sowixMutt. It
woald be alio wine one memher of .the Urbibii coo-
irolall 'the reft."'v'h would i nerliaiil1 jf 'lead tdJ ctH
diSVntioti' and a 'diffolutioa KthVeAeral goVero. riht 6f.J I ate ce a re to d eclat e a. ucatv, - a flatttto
meat Will it oe 'preteode 'thivtie'rtaie; .cooti acfetj' tU txetcifed Uader tb Uc.ited State
hareihe exeluGvc right, of decid'tu j ayoja ihe ira)id; ati'(jj If the reviflon of ejhe fvpremc court ot
of ourliwi ? 1-J,;1vn,Ji:,.-, ,;: ip$ td3?'-'s Xfoi id it hat expreftly givei .the. ft.
I jdmit they have a rij'it io declare i1fAft?,;tV pit' ft trfc -fomecmi'rt to effirm a judgment
grcfi void. Bat tt,igjit ttley 1 'enjojr -i' ' fh' ' alftl thealidity ithr of tteajy, ftatatt
and ifver; S:aiil!r mutt ftrfft W 4 frlitl ( iL government. i. - '-vJ. . '. .
6&4A,tmr4 tSthe rjW rwt'tot&Ltt Mt, )&mn.ht,l kive givt11'
If the ftate tiourts kfinuiely yo&M. th rib f aWiildarit jpflii fi thSnittite of.r gwrnaem
declaring the invalidity of the laws bE thit govern- -front the Wignigeof the ccfnllitotioa, and fadmjo
meot it woo'.d 'Unrtg'us ihfu'ujeftiontq the flatet gflauve aejcodwlcdgmefit,- that 'the joidgva t)jf: our '
The judges of thofe count bring bound by the UW coam have the power to judge and 1 deterttinei upon
of the !itat. U a ftale declared an aft of conirefj the coiiftirbtioaalitv t our lawt. : s -V i.'t
uucouuiiuiionil, the law ot lbs ftate would' oblige its
coaitt to determine thr Uw iava id. (-,rhit principle
would alfo defUoy tbeunifoimiw of obliztiion upon
all the' (latet which fhould attend every law of this
government. ft a law were ; declared void in ooe
it4te, it wqjiU exempt the citizens o! that Gate from
i op;iaiioo, wtiilft ohedieoie wnt yielded to - it . in
the other CUtcs. I go larthcr end fty, if the Bate or
ftate courts had final power of annu ling the afttof
thitg07eroment,iti rnilerauic od f lecarioutexittence
woiili not be worth the txo. b!e of a r.-.omcot ta
pteteive. '
It would endate but a laort time, at a ( il'ittt of
divifloti, and wtBiog iat an empty fhtdow, would
uick!y ariifh from our ficht. ... 'Let u now aflt if
the power to dec de upon ttiu validity of our laws re.
fides with the. ptppl.r..iG.,ntlemcn cannot deny thit
right te the fivervi go people. I admit tliey potieft
it. &ut f at the Time tune it oe t i.ot btlonir to the
tltvrity, palt an uoxontituo.n, jw. .They lay a di.
reft tax, upm one' Rate, and, impore ooue .upon the
oihen. Th; people ortl.e Uate ttxed.contel! thf va.
'3iditT of the It w.lhey irr:bly ulitl Kt txecolion.
J.Jhey are brougnt by thaexecutiv authority bclore
upoa tjieoi tHe fentertce which U tnflctj.- Dei. to the
courts of the United States, the power of judging up.t
on the ceolitutunatiiy of our ltwi, and it it vim to
talk of its cxidirg ciewherr. The inltavurt o( the
laws are broasht before the courts, and it the courts
are implicitly bound, the invalidity of the laws can
-' It. r i -TL l
..oITS,fI
llluttrate u.Lon. . a
be no onence, Tbrrn it howeve
ft I ll a ftrongfr grnund elargnmen'
I (hill collect oe or two ctfet to Duftrate it.Con.
grefs-are prohibtfed from pi (Ting a bill 'I attainder j
11 ia ana acciirea iu vas tmrnii uuun in no 41111 n-
. r. rn.11 1 , ., , ,
dtr of iresfon Jhsll work conuption ol blood or foi.
feitut except Curing the lile of the ptrtv tttsinrd."
t r -f. ...,rt- .,1. . :.i -r
..;..ir. i.-i. jiii. .l .
or they ea-ftthit a.ir on autlncd of feafon
""f---. "" f ."'
fhtll
forleit tn the ufeoi the United aiatet .all the ettae
which he held in any land! or tenements.
The party attained ts (eized aud brought before a
federal court, and tn awrd of er-.tiiioo p'lfed a-
gaintt own. tic ooeat tnt xnniiutissi and pon.it
10 thit ime no bill of attainder, or expoft (ifto
law fUsll b pt(Ted." The a toiney for the U. State t
radt tbe bill of attainder.
The court ate bound to .decide, but they hay on!y
the a trrra ive of pronouncing the law or lba coout.
tutiua lavaVid. It is left lo ihm .ouiytolay, tint
the liwvicttei the conliitotinn, or thi Coniluutson
avoids Ihc law. So in the oihei cafe Slated, t'relcr
after thi death of bit anccllnr, brlngt hit rjretment
in one ef ihecoaitt of tbe United &tete, to recover
bit inhaitance. The Uw by which ft js cotf.Ictied
it fhewe, Tb constitution give no power to pi ft
fjch a law. On ibe cnntiaty it rapteftly denied it,
to the guvemrneni, ,Tre title of thi , heir ii tcfted
oa thi coaditution, the title of the government 91 the
law. Tba-iOtft of one dHioyt th effect ol ithe other j
lb eowrt muA tlrtrir.inc.whitb ffefluI. ,
There are rr.tny other cafes JJrt C,bairmtn, afi
bmilar attuie, ta which I might aUuJe. . There itshc
cite of tic privitet of Hibett Ccrput, wh cb cannot
be fufptaded but in timet of .rebellion or of inva
0)n. Sippole eltw prohibiting ihaifTa ngof a wiit,
at moment of profound peace.. If U fkb c.' lha
writ were dery.andrd ot a . court, could they fay it i
true the leg'ulsture were refliaincd from ft Jin tbe
ltw,fufpend.o th pr(vi'egef iu writ, at fuch a lime
lthitahirbnOWIZlftl.bat Ihtir mi.Slf B,ikn
. . . . . " I T .
Jhsaftt irWaielnT lrtft1! I. an watt lias, at.1 a! 1. nf .L.
i coBUUuto.b.t by Uw bii Wwt iimdlv .drci.iti
a w-'I v itt' 1 ' ww a-wF-v. a VJ hiiiii H wx ar V lUfl
j aad eOtblilhtd la pitdue rua the txiQractof that
riftiameet.
THeid wc el the glatr.of ti? conlitntioe ex.
nrtfaly cxtmdilhe judcitl power 10 ell curtail,
(menndif the tenl. yiioc. ike ltwi. Vc. the nro.
vtiioe 01 trie anaia-uoi ibt C;b tit 4 leivti ro.
ihlnt ii deukt. N This conUii.iion an! ihclawmf
ibe United I e w kith fh ill be tnU in ut(sete
thereof, h . fhtll bathe fjprvmt law of thi Ised."
Tt cnnOiieiien U akiolately ik fjpteaieliw. Ket
feelifctttu of tke trOure. sua tnly ae ibe
IkicI ikeltnd 11 aie n-sd in eetf.ance tf thefoit
ttilniioit. ' ,
a ...k. ! I.. a
t rg"v inaaigi.ctoi in cemeaillre, W.
rM, while I tritkfilf)WiS rf,,60 from lb
a yn i. i am jaauiai ta ol ibe r tllj A
kJjed.nt.f dsirt lite- fui ia th tlj!nj
sawipvn liimny, may v ii-uipvint mo,
iveiTirf.aSirnieA ill" the fiapreme court of th
.4j-nud Ji
o vnt ot ermr." Thus at ejrlv
a1rh vtit
among the fir ft afta of the go.
vstomsrot'JIlte FiegifUture enplicitlv rtcognired the
Let rti: rww fupofe thgt in enrr frame of . bovero-
meflt t'li! judget are a check upon the legiflature
that the conthtunon It depofifed tn their keeping,
will you tf afrcrwirdi that their exiftence depend
upon the legUUture '? That the body to whom they
ar a check hit the power to deftroy them ?. Will
you fry that ihi conft'ttution may be taken out of
their bands, by a aouer the .mod to be diftrufted,
. becayfe th Aniv nawrr which coald vin(i it ;,.
i jmpqnhy f Csn any thine be mora abfurd thtoto
arfmit.thstthe judgea.area check opoit the Jtgifk
ture, and yet.to eootend that the exit at the will (f
ue jcgTuuurer n. cnecat njuw eariiy impiv a
j power commonfurate to itt end. The political body
acugnea lo tneck, anotuer molt oe tnaependent.otiT(
othrrwife there eta be no check. .What check cad there
be when the power drfigned to be checked can aiini
tiilatc the body which is to rettraio it, t.
1 go forthir,.Mr. Chairman, nd i Uke flrongef " ""
ground. I fir in the nature of thingl, the depen
dence of the judges upon the legiflature,' and their
r'ght to declare the aftt of the'' legiflstttre' yoid, are
ri-piigntpt, Vnd cannot exilt together. .The doflrine,
fir, vppofrt two righttnrft the right of die Jeg fla- '
lure to deftroy the office of the ludie, and the, right
oi tncjuo ji. ic vacate .ire tct OLUie irgiliilurr-r- "
You have a tight to abaiiflTby a , law, 4he office of
the judget of ibe circuit cooMi, ;They bive-a right
to'cf-clare your law void. .It unavoidably follow in
the exeicife of ihefe rightt, either that you deflrof
sheir righii,.or that they dtllroy yoort, .This doc.
tune it not an humlcT) abfurdity, it it mofthrtp.
left hereby.-. It it a doc'r,ne' which 'cannot ;be prtc.
tiled without prodacipg not difford poly, but b1ood
(lied. Tf you pa ft the bill upon v our table ibe iud.
ei hwt ' ftitDlionl tight dclire if void m
wittVnveihaaowrng, xcife frif
i: . . '
uinai ix wrjniuta in py coo cieiue ana oetore my
! turn luppuri vi ine conuita
,: f r rv, .11 . .1.1 .1.
I tion nr my counti y, I insll not tremble at tbe eon.
! re(.,lrnce' . u v m
! Tk-.!j';;,..C v... ,. l . u
. " ?'0i rosy hs u enemies, bottkntrur .
lliat It hat alLi U ti end.. I h m W. u K,..r.
1 KrFnr K.. .....!.:.... A Tl . .
, ; m t.iii.i.11, my. 1 iicrc ircminj,v.
ry msny who btlitve il you flnse this blow, yoit
ioft ct a mortal wound on the connitotion. These
are many now wt'.l.ngto fpill their blood to delrnd
Iheirconuiiutien. Arc gentlemen difolcd to riflt,
tht eonltnjueneet t Sin I mean no threat I have na
expectation trfaptalling the ibivt hcaru of my sder
fatie 1 but If gentlrmeo aie tegardlefs of themfe'veJi"
let them confiier thei.' wives and . cbildtrn. their
neighbours fmt their fi'icndt. Will they rift civil,
d (fation t witl th'y bstud lie welfsrr. willtl-.ev
jtoptrdite-the price of the councty, 10 ftve a paluy
turn of montyr left than thirty thoaCind rlollart.
Mr. tntirmaai am confident that the friends of
this rtirafurr' irV.not tffUM d ot tlie ntturt tf iu ope
ration, nor fHf.blacf the.mifch;tvous cocCrqncocfa
which if, iikefy vo attend it, Sir.tho rooralt of yoor
people, the pesce of your country, the P.tbiKty tl
yeor government, reds nponiiientintenance. of the
independence, ejf ibe judiciary, .it Is not of half lb
iropufttncelatnr and.thttthe iuJrts fhoti'.d h n.
d-pe odeoi of the ciowp, si h it with ut, that th t
Inould be independent of ths legiflature, . And I ana
tfcrd, would j in render ihejudgtt fopcrior 10 tbi
legiflature? i art(wr tro, bet co.ordiotte. Wapld
yon under them independent of the leg fltlurt f I
tnfen ye, fodrpeed-nt of evtrf twr rw esrth,
while they behived ibemfcfvr well. TbeelTcntiat
inured, th ptraaane.u wejfate ! focrrty, renuUe
this independence. Not, fir, on account el the judge
thst ia a smalt cenfiderstioJi. but en bicomi n't
thofi ttiwrea bm be it to dicidcYv4j calculi t
on th weakneTi of human nalai. aad von furTtr iK
jedg 10 be dependeet en no on( left be (hould be
partial titthbla on wl cm fie dtpendfi- Jnrticaeeti
not raid whrre bsiilalltr prrv-ilt. A dr-Beade.f
iudge ctnaet be insperl.ti. IadcrndrsM .is there
Ipte elTeeiitl to ih pmlty ( tour judicial tribuatli.'
tMinvtrriRtaitci! I Hit no power Itlolcaitbly
lelt by fectsif it tktC otib iuOtdary. TbeliUirH
iTopettyef etiry mta, it litllelob inajw bands of
thejjdfM. lilt not our rrrar i.iial). it lin ....
Hgct upon fuch high gVoiind, that ao (tsr cso Inrf.
inldite, rtib p cm frdrjt tber . The prffcet
mesfarea bntablrl 'then in tbedud, it pioOraus tbesn
lllbeftetrrf ftftioryU rtadeii thtm the too! t
it try dentartji piny.- h It tbUtffcQ which ! de
prMiit, it ia thi conttqocne whUb I deeply deplore.
Wait dees reafoa, what does argument avail, when
psrtf fpint prcftdra Suhjrft yor bench to the lt
fiuense el lit fpliii, tad jurtare bids a fiasl tdinj tn
your tribnnsle. We are (kd,tir,il tbe judgaa ara
to be iodrpendrrt tf the peert f Tbe rjntrtron u
fema fa'fiinatdilnrve Kw. We are, and at lane
11 w if jnv per Tidom, we fhtll be divided fat
artriiev Tbine:rtiio la, (H .lithe jaditiiry b
pttmineat, ot Lciatiiv with tbeiide sl t tl opi.
en t 1 bg, 1 implore gtntlemta, ia (onftdir ih
ai(iiude and tle el lh piiwl aihnh ile
are ibeut l atraiMair. IltanijrJgn areied,.
deal of f elitUil cbn get, tat m.y biv their ttsfrt.
entft, but they w tt not enter into ibe ftairii nf .in.
But let tkfir ti.fi drpemf upon .h fuf prt of iht
pwer f itcnilbftT ol turn, in4 tbey (ipeot be
' T