TILW OF AUSTRIA. ':'
iThe following-details (translated for this'
Gazette) from a late number of the Journal A
du boir, arans paper, must be extremely
interesting to the political reader, as exhi
biting a view of the territorial extent, the
population., and resources of one of the.
: substantive powers" of Europea power
which, for atirtifej scents to haveeey j?ro;
I ltth down hv the over-bcarine c'ehius of
m ( , .- j w.w
I . Buonaparte, but which from its physical
strength must again rise to its wonted rank
, ! : in the scale 'of nations. Salcm&azette.
V ' s.
f Environed on-every .side by the great em
i pites of France, Russia, Prussia, and Turkey,
e 'Austria cannot remain an unconcerned spec
" tator of the political turmoils, which at pre
-4- sent agitate Europe. Her singular position
adds immensely to the imporUmce which her
! bomiLtinn. her.armie, and her territorial
wealth, .have conferred .upon her.
The-nossassion of the house of Austria,
' do' not constitute, like those of France and
t Spain, one of the immutable divisions of the
i gtone, where the aim of the politician is sim
r ply to maintain-the ainityl previously settled
( Wthe decrees of nature. We rriay consider
I the Austrian empire as naturally utviaeu nuo
fiVo grand sections. The circle of Austria
i wi.h tin. country of indemnity, occupies, a
space of G,&00 square leagues (of 25 to the
'c?em?e) inhabited by 4,600,000 souls. The
and Austrian Silesia-, composes the secon:ii
Siction of this great empire. Its sn;:c-.icies
has been estimated at '3,900 square leagues, :
and the numbesof tnh. bunrits (which in these
provinces are continually muhiplying) tx- S
ree l i 1700,000. Gdllicia. v(mo,re properly -
G.illiti 0 comprehend the Austrian division j
of Poland, ; together with the lsuckowuie,
heretofore a part of Moldavia ; by ilu near
est conjecture, thi- immense territory covers
It a space of at least 8,000 square leagues;
v while the best received accounts hardly give
p is population of 4,500,000, though il lias been
1 increased one-fifth since the division. The
fir Aitii-'h great section of the states of Austria
takes in "the.kingdom.of Hungary, Trannsyl-
It
i
li
ft ff
51
Tan'.a. Sclavonia, and some other provinces
tills single division is: equal to the whole
Trcsiaa monarchy; for, over a surface of
l,i00 square leagues is spread a population
5i' 9,200 000 inhabitants. Lastly, the Aus-.rio-Venetian
states, which,- though the least
ex: .-nsive, are by tar the fairest portion of
the tnipire, embrace an extent ot 1,900 square
Isar-ucs, and a population of 2,000,000 souls.
'l
til
,hi
I'l
111
of
hi
1
I
; rj
M
''. ; . ' -.' '
wis all that vm necessary, to transform the
Hungarian and the Belgian into philosophic
Germans, and tojjive to an immense major
ity, the language, manners and ideas of ihe
minority. The consequences of so violent a
system, threatened the empire with total
dissolution. The Tyrolese murmured Bel-
' giavrasin arms-Poland stood collected and
indignant and the fate of Austria was com
mitted to the Hungarians : and those same
Hungarians, whose generous fidflity had once
saved Maria Theresa, now boldly told Joseph,
that as he had not deigned lo be crowned in
!.. Hungary, he was not their king, but a fo
reign usurper. " f he unhappy jifirch heard
from his death bed the' shrieks of rebellion,
and alarm of civil war, which on every futfe
: menaced his throne. The first step of his
successor, Leopold II. was to. replace every
thing; on its ancient footing ; to y ield even to
prejudices" and to restore to each portion of
the empire what its various inhabitants look
ed upon as the basis of their happiness, and
the palladium of their liberty., : .-.
The slow and imperceptible action of a
ges can alone- wear away those prominent
traits of character, which at. present distin
guish -the spirited, and intrepid Hungarian,
from the camions and phlegmatic German ;
or the superstitious and savage Wallachian,
from the industrious and iri genius'; inhabi
tants of Bohemia ; time alone can accustom
the brave Polander and the haughty Vene
tian to a foreign domination, however mild
and politic if may be.
Venice, the seat of elegance and refine
ment, as Well as Prague the protectress of
literature and the arts, behold with regret the"
lustre which the presence of the government
sheds oVer Vienna over that Vienna which
the people of Berlin and even of, Hamburg,
have loaded with so many epigrams. The
inhabitants of Vienna enjoy the sami reputa
tion throughout (iermmjj, which the Boe
tians formerly did in Grfece, and he peo
ple of Champagne in France. Prejudices'
like these, which stigmatize a whole nation, ,
are certainly unjust ; but such is '.lie fact
nevertheless, that Vienna ha never acquired
that empire of opinion, temper anil habit, .
which Paris and Londua ettrcise. over the
provinces ; a circumstance which to n en-
lightened mind, cannot appear of trivial im
portance to the state.
For some years past, the Poles and Ilun
gariwns have redoubled their e (forts and zeal
p enrich, and preserve, and bring their lan
guages to the nearest possible degree of per
fection. It is only in Bohemia and Moravia,
that the German language has hitherto
spread. But we have dwelt long enough up
on the imbecility of the Austrian : let us.
t now turn our eyes to the brilliant tablet oTher'
territorial wealth.
Bohemia ii enccmpasscd by mountains a-
boundmg in precious stones, copper, iron tind
j) irtimlai ly tin. The pii.c an.l the fir, crow u
the lofty sum-nits of these mountains ; while
the sturdy dak .and lituLn overhang their
b Kl acclivities. The surface of the wide
spread hills, wave with 44 wgitable irold" and
purple ; and their grape di-dils ii iicirand pa
litable liquor, though n t admitting of trans
portation. 'I !ier wheat, coin, tlax, hemp,
arc all excellent ; and th.ir lu p are superi
or to any in Kurope. (Jreul p .unVafe tuken
to perfect th.ir breed of slurp and lender
the texture of their (If ices m-rc d Jicate
The skins of the l!icini.m lures are much
esteemed in the manufacture of hat. The
productions of Moravia are MmiUr to those
of Diihcmja : Jmt the cal.lo of Austrian Sile
sia arc finer because they receive much mere
l'f Thus, fier the most scrutinous review of au-
t thoritie, and the nicest computations, we,
lit think it probable that tlie Austrian empire at
it this period, covers a porUoti of, the lobe of
Q- 16,000 square leagues, and is IntiaDUecl Dy
25,0',iOJ ol soul-... JW llus u will oe seen
thit Aystria-iiljyiijnc-sith more extensive ;j
th -.ii Fiaiicc ; hut'tha space, which in France
contains 100 inli ibitanH, in Austria contains j
only 53. in Prussia but 00, and m Ru.sia not
more than 14.
T.n-s gi'eat diversity of origin, language
al iiiteret. among the people of these states
is a h ill furclier check upon their political
importance. We can scarcely count up
7,o00,OJ of native Gtrmans, whilst those
Tu'.io-v- of Sclavonic origin, as the B dicmi
ans. Pol.mders, and the hclavonians of Hun
gary, form a total of more than 12,0C J,'Jj0.
.The nttive Hungarians to the number of
3,010,0 have not the slightest resemblance
toihei m ;ld) urs. They are descended
H it frin the Huns, but from a race of Fin-
bndrs, thi simc people whj formerly occu- I attcntiow. These bcautifulpiovinrcs at first II f . , ,
fll, prd the north and north ea. tern extremities j hlubitcd hv indolent ho.dcs of Slavonians, i , , .
, ofllutva. The VIUtl.ian too, the Vetie- arc indebted ti tl.c tc'.onies of Germans set- i , sc,,!,1,y.
i
2tl
Cif
ti ms and n'her nations less" numerous, pre-ti-rvecach
their peculiar idioms, their man
ner, thrir annaUof national glory, and lo
Cal ii'tcreits ; add to this, no two provinces
are trvhr the same p')lit:cal rcgulatiom. lit
the jutjvinfc of Trannsylvaiiu alone there
r:c ar f t Irt'Cf different- forms -of- gfverHmet. -
Tu? nti'ils o Hungary, hive from lime tin
, ineino-i.nl, alfected reputlitaii aristocracy. -r-'
The Tyroh-sc (and this they owe in 'part o
tli.ir imi u, as well as to th. ir cmr.i.,J
t;il', i.rrcrve mme semblance of a ilcm'-tr i-
ty. Neither the Vtnetinnsnor the B d-.cmi- j
ant har: f rgoticn thVir ancient prerog ative
thou:hdi wnishttl by tlte jcai.r. policy oi
A'tstni th l very winch has lell
wlihliifl Pnhnd-ra faint im.igc of hit diet.
Thus th empire of Austria is, strictly spvuk
In ;,a fiilera'.ivf monarchy. JVcph the sc-'
cond Mt, very severely, the inconvenience
ai is'ntg fiot s.ich a dispersion ol force imi
interest s hut his impetuosity hurried him in
t miMsurt at once violent and ill conducted ;
he struck t the very not of ,w'l chl p.cjudi
- ces he t; d'rd the c nrtencts of his u'
jc'c!w From lh! old Vcncmhlc furnn rf di
in' wMiip.do rn tj the p-dtry dialect of
c,;
Fhi
(ii
I if
f '
fcl!
to ;
m
Da
rn
M I
lr.il
tied among tU ir mountain, for their hnens,
cloths, muslins, hat3, glass and crystals ; a
circumstance which will al ways leare lite ba
lance of commerce in their favor.
The soil of Austria Proper, is much more
favorable to the cullivaiioti of the vine. Inan
-of cmr. It yields -many kinds -of jalts, hur
uotorthc fi'v.stcrylal!ii..thu. I roinafdse
priiicipJc of p iliiical economy, every ipecies
i.f mari'ifirtuic is cone nt rated in tie capital.
Thse of silk, cotton, cdUcoes, arms and
jewels ar in the m-itt ft irU!iti.F states
tl 'irk nuking is hkcwUc cairied on to a ere at
ix'c!!. B it the imperial inaiiufctory of
wool near iintz, surpasses them all iu real
utility.
btyi'u furnisncd the Homans in ancient
times with trcn , and .yet iu n i ki wtm in
exhaustible. The lea I cf Crihil,u it cf ait
cxrcd nt quality, and the quick-silver mine
; iii Idria ts unri.ilLd. In the Tt ltd and in
I S.Jjsbirg thrre'arc enormous masses of sal-
Rcnimas:rctclii:i afoitg the Imc of the north
ern half. u ih i-e majestic Alps, wl idihvre
! r'us tta hcl jhl little brlow that t.f Mount'
Bl inr. Mountains island t seem through
out ihi wnrj j t be the nattrc scats t.f cou
tic waters from some alpine plants,. and with '
a fe w marmots which "lie has accustomed to
a" state of captivity (such are his simple trea-
sures) he traVenes all Germany, vending lit
tle Italian gewgaws, and returns to his'"bum-
( ble shed considerably enriched.
The inhabitantof the Austro-Venetian states,
is not reduced to so painlul a subsistence : .
. the Alps for him ascend the skies, and save
him from the northern blast : for him the
fields of Padua nourish flocks, whose fleeces
vie with those of Spain for him the orange,
the citron, and the fig, carefully sheltered at
the approach of Winte"r,"0.ispiay the, live lonjj
sumftitfr their richest verdure and their lus
cious fruit: the flexible vine encircles with
its tendrils the purple mulberry;- and, safe
beneath their natural vine props, his corn-
fields never dread a burning sky. The cragv
ged and Tomantic shores of Istria and Dal
matia, afford many excellent havens ; and if
ever a canal sho-ild be cut between the Da-
"nube and the Adriatic, they will be places of
iJICal. irauio. 1 arc even nun tiiuvn-
voiiriiig to render the river Kulpa navigable ;
this stream falls into the Save, and has its
source only six leagues distant from the Gulph
of'Quarnero.j ..
Hungary would feet the importance of
such en" opening more than any other portion
of the Austrian dominions : ancl-most assu
fediyThis extensive and beautiful country de
serves the mi st favouiable regards of its go-.
vernmenfrHow variousj how" rich, how a
bundant are- the produc tions oj" tiiii territory.
Light are the- toils of its husbandmen. So
rich a6oil, assisted by the ReniaOlifijyESSe
of a mdd and burnt ' atmosphere, yields an
almost spontaneous vegrJtion. Here vast
herd of oxen with horn of enorr.iovs hize
ranjc m j. tic ally oyer pi ins bounded only
by the hoi rison : there-.thouSands of horses
bound upon the c'i tant hilis,' and snuff the
in. igortiing breeze, -Through luxurious
fields of corn and maize are inters erscd orch
ard of -figs', of klmondsi of pi imbs, and of
chesnuts. The v. tie of Tkay imbibes its
liisciou juice fiom a soil ot decomposed bas
.Sitlics; previous to tueir being expressed,
the grapes are culled and dried in the sun.
The red wine of Smyrna resembles that of
Montapulciano rand for the most part, the"
viiviardi of SslaTori'ia arid Croatia appear not
unworthy cf their Greek and Itaiian extrac
tion. It is true that some parts of Hungary
present a rougher aspect j mountains where
rocky summits ri'e iu terrific grandeur above
the dark and interminable forests, producing
nothing but here and there a scaiity blade of
oa'.s : but much treasure is conct.Ieu vitluu
their bowels gold pure and fine, copper in
l ie greatest abundance and i the best qua
l.ty, the only true opal, and immense quanti
ties ot s il-i'mrnoiiii c.
Tiitix in not a single province under the
dominion of Austria that is destitute of natu
ral riches. .Eveh the cold and ruggid Galli
C' i may boa t of her noble herds, her luxuri
ant fields of vhent and rye, but especially of
her suit mincSr Mtuatcd near' Borlmiu and
WirlPzku ; they are too well known to re-
q ii e any tt log hut a bare mention. The o-.
p -iiiugi.fsevcr.il mints of iron, and felling of
wood, as well a the breeding of shrep, niuy
hereafter piove sources of wealth lo this pro
vince, lint the principal natural outlets of
this co'intry, are u..dei a foreign government.
Hun riry is irril..rly ci tumstunccd with ic
gmrl to the Danube,- r.s is Bolumia to the'
l.H c. S; thrit abtr all her acquisitions' and
ex'eiitir n of lerritciy, Austria t still cramp-
c-u ami lvtt- n v m teiy clirtction, because
s!;e has t.oinvulnenibSe bide.4
I.tt any one ttke a t ew of the military
ustrian impire, and he viil
ol lb. iiiilhr i ty cf htroys-
I inn oi i y j'.miidiz. mem. caiiuia, wiiliili
I hrr ieltnt hmiis, l.asnotene nalurtlbajri-
er. If the AtMiun armies should be called
out t cUf nd 1 7u rountry, every thirgniust
'be comn itted to ihvir tou-cr, ai d in ti. st
f adffvat. their only'safc retreat would be
the Carpathif ii mouir.aii.s. Bo'itmiah is Se
cure bt'pVcscii. frtim a sUudtn' invisu'n.
Prague is covered l y t!ie forticsics of Fgra,
of I 'hercsienstat. of ricsy and of OlmuU.
I he lyrol is an(thcr rampatt for Austria.
That ami Bohemia f-rm two bastians, which
t'.e nature of things require t bc connccttd by
the f.irnous Ii te of he Inn. il which A.istria
has not yet obuiru d the i e sion. "1 hese foi tifi-
man above named ; a prince Vrho has obtaifi
ed the glorious title of the restorer of the rui-
1 litary discipline of his country. -
The Austrian marine. is yet to be created,
M. de Lichtenstein asserts that in iSQathere
were 2400 national vessels in the ports of
Austria, but hetnust have enuiiieratei: every
- little fishing-boat. In the" same manner the?-',
number of vessels, arriving at Trieste in one
year, has been swelled to 6000 or 7000. I .
, believe there are, about 500 vesseli above ten
tons, the property of Austrian subjects.. The
establisirment of a marine, without a coast
many ti;r.es more, extended, would be a very
difficult undertaking for Austria as well as
Piussia, and afttfer all of very doubtful utility.
The financial system qf-Austria has under
gone, and is every day ' undergoing so. many
changes, that ,it would be impossible to say
any Ihihg of it with precision. It is said tnat
the revenues of the state, which have been
very much ;ricreas"ed for the last years amount
to 193,000.000 ol florins of'Vienna, (free of
the expences of collection) a sum equivalent
to 507,000,000 of francs, reckoning the florin
at its current Vulue'in Austtia. But- the
course of exchange with other countries be-r
ing verj Unfavorable to. Austria, this sum
would hardly represent 400,000 000. How
ever, the revenues of this empire are un
doubtedly double those of Pi ussia, a little less
than those of "France in 17S9,- according .to
the statement of Mr. Neckar.
MALTIIEERUK.
P in L A D E L PjH I A , ; A o eu'fl 26.
a v n e n,a iiiviimii uv.i " veil j hiu aw
o'clack Gen. Moreau, accompanied by
his Lady, two children and attendants,
landed at Almond's-flrctt wlisrf, from on
board the (hip New-York, capt. Geroge,
and w.ere conduced inpiiua'e gentlemen's
carriage to lodgr's..aa Mis. Cottineau's,
Spruce-llreet The 'general, is of com
mon itattif,. a flrorgly 'inaikcd counte
nance, and was very plainly attired.
i
Extract of a letter, frama gert'ernan
on board the John Adam, dated G:braL
Urjufte the 15th, 1805, received at New.
Ytuk. e arrived fafe. at this place,
alter a paflige cf 3 days. On our arri
val wr found two t.f our pun-hoats front
N." Yoik and oi:e from Wafhing on, we
jjaving parted wiih, a number of them
three days after leaving-New-York in a
gj!of wind. Three oilier gun-boats had
atrived'before, and 'pTWeedcd upthc .Mc
ditcrrar.caji, and four more are daily cxpe
ted. With ihc aflillancc of thclc, we will
prcctcd to make the attack on Tripoli,
and I truft we flia l bring the fcour.drcls to
proper terms bhould wc prove fuccefs.
lul, you may expeel my renin btforethe
cxpirtton of two jears, for which I am
tntaged. I am harpy to inform , you
that we loft but three men on our outimJ
palfare not wi'thflandin the crowded flate
of 1 he tliip. Gun boat No 6, has not
yet -arrived, but no apprcheniioris for bcr
l.fety aie cntcrtaiued, as Ihc ts an excellent
fcabcat. -t
In the Recistfr of Friday last, we stated
j upon without)- which we thtn deemed cor
1 reel, ' that the matters in dispute between the
United Slates and the -.Government of.
Spain, were amicably adjusted." This
information we now believe to be incorrect.
-A letter if rem Cadiz, of the 25th of June,
to a respectable merchant in this city, says.
that tre ncgoritilion were broken on, and
that the minister had separated in veiy ill
huoior."7VrljJt.ij Regtittr
The resea-ches nl.ich have been made for
some years at Pomona, in the Ntipoli'an ter-
rilrtW t,nt l.j...r .l,uti.L,1 . .. . ...V.L.
,";, i.m.v unit iiinuiu, i
great success. The King and Qu -m of Na
ples lately visited this subterranean town,
and were fchewii, among other hew discQV
... : - - a. i r- - 1 - 1 - - .
ries, an ancieni cunice in wnicn liaa been
fun.d si.mc very beautiful vases, medals,
musitial instruments, and what is much more
valuable, a bro.'.ze stature of llerculri, lul
ling the famous hind in the chase. The
design and composition of the group are une
q lalled. Some tery fine paintings have also
been founJ in the same edifice, one of which
nT 1 1 1 n r 1 i v . j . . I represent. Diana surprised Ly Action, th.
I ! fl i ' J ,b' 1 C0.n4,U V. ! rolouring e,f Diana equals anthing Titian
t l)V.rnddrw,nV,M- h ever j.roduced, and the piece, n il-nrt
r,m he mo,ll. ol the t-laro toward O, so- WlU 8tam, compclilirtl, Hilh tl CPItoUIUl J
a-nd Belgrade, wemsy easily conceive how , a ...:....:'.
1 iu I'doiiiiik.a 111 our .museum.
prat
c.i t
Sir l
fl'M
it
U"
a i.V
i-.i;
1
j.. ovince. every tliin j wa in ooc day tn hear i. mge, stiengili and activity. The mhd of
a h arartcr rf lh tiifst rlgorois umformiiy. J nu h in suv.h sitimioni are mtiili more Uld
This princely reformer l!iuu,;H a Uwrec IS -, d4ii'i;, and their hw!ics nf a 'r..!u.ter
Ntr authorities Bi-c ihr wniks or
D:Lica, nf:ssor at the Univrriiy of vi
ctim, the statistic.! atiitals of M. (te 1 icii
lnMcin, th-r Archives nl Svhocrar, Travili
iTUeqKt. l'er!er, llrimMic, llrnqtsriafl
',.ititcs of N'ovo'hy, Uc, in finr t hunlfd
Grri'n at;4 other rAorks, cf which t avaihd
tnvs If in luaVtnxthe desciip'.iotiof I'te.Yuv
trim tmitire, w'.kh rtiq.ic the first SjO
ptgrs i.'f tlie h v-'l-imcof ihe Mmhctna'.icit,
P iytcl an I P'mcid Grorrjpliy of p-rs
tf til- tt'tirl l p i'il'S;cd by Tart'ifU ad I.a
p ff, In i.H.t in y he found ur-dtr arch ;
siivc sllthrdc's.Js rf tUitka fcr p'li:i'al
12317 tjf whith i hate Jicts jiitn an j!m
stracu
m4c. v ill lite assut uice or a rope Isildcr
I It I f m til . ' 1 ..ti a I. ......
men log, prrOpir cs he hrci ks up the little
paUli iol ,ind cnthe crn;edcli(7, and co
vers ihwm with luxuriant heroic, iho igh
eMVwlopcd in ttctnil v"w. Ihu the hdH.r
vf the hardy Tytolcfc t ill t.cur vrquii a
si M.inr.cat to cul'uie. Yet he is nocruis
Courad. He knows how iu extract trnma.
The Arch DuVe (Jitirlc. who is wtll
terkd in inii cralocy and i;rohy uh the
lo'J ti!iop of Guiek and ether ihsUiutii !.!
I p. i.iiM:c,rcfitly itu. tour 10 i,.t Alp
l!.e lt,..rvM'?tcdt ht Un pUhshed i.t
the M 7an-; J.j miutt AZtatrJ ty lUt La-rndcMcr.
i -finrely iniV)itJtit it iinistbc to Austria to
have her view accomplished.
It is upxid that Austria maintnins in
time of peace an aifny of 3C0,Ct fighting
rren ol y hiclv 21 ),000 arc regular infantry,
S0 0f are c:vliy, 12,000 artillery, and
7o ap I mdi'ia stationed alor-n the frontiers
will t 1 er i-teyiilar tjw. 1 he IlungsrU
cn andPMish CNvalry are the finest in the
w 11 Id. 'I be Tyn.lescre foimid-Me mailt,
men. and the Atistii-ns after a seven years
terrible apprentice-ship to the att of war, are
rmked anioiii; the firtst oldicrsrtf i'urope
'I he i:isict of their srmks are attribuicd
r Mite y to the haleliil infnencc cfihe Aulic
nihsiy ini ricil, which the wivhnn of their
atili duke Chhiles has of Me confit.cd Within
a hit x jw cmipass, hut hot emiri ly dcMrtycd.
With'n.t jK-rmivdoii from N'icni.a, tbeir $-c-
pcmls Could not Mrikc a blow. Tht want
inoitrra'ir n amonr; the igtial'ernv list hftn a
subjeel of j u'd.c lep'catnsion with the great
I This circums'ancc sinrnilarly conHrras
PIifl)a sCC-'UH ef the ailing .f the Afo
rnwt. aid reidcr sutHrllumis the htrniliC-
ais ami rturics of some modern authors oa
tuu buujccU
We learn that a part of ti e collection of
the curiosities oVa;r.cd by Capt. Lea is eti
1 1. m:.....,.: 1 .... 1 -.1 mi.! 1
mong these are a firing animal, called the
wild dog of the Puirie, and the majrpif
l our maKp'es were kept, but one of theci
destroyed the other three.
We understsnil that ordrrs have been rt
ceived from the Governor of Virginia ty the
cfliccrs of militia, in Petersburg and its nelh
loihotdj rrijiMrin; them to orr;niie anj
discij line their respective compaii'ic and al
ivto bcin rtadinesto march at an hour
warning. The. Vohmterr companitt. more
esr eeUlly are expected to be foremost in al-'
iciitr, and subordination, t,d are first to op
prisc any insult or outrage, from whatever
source they tnxy toroe
Two Dwelling Houses
TO HEN'T. '
tArp1fio M. M.TOOMLR.
Yiiloiingtcn, Augua lot 18;;.