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published Wry Tuesday, by AtLMANi? .Hall, Three Dollars a Yfcar? payable in adyance, HouDollars if not gaidltto a Yeafr
V&mkzk M?' WitwiNGToKiVe; Tuesday, September 30, 1806. V v. ; V ' , - CJU Veau.
the wiiiMiNGw mmxm.
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J iron itf Universal Gazette
WE invite the attention 6f our readers td
tthe followincr tiuKlIratinn nf th Afrpiriiltnrsl
H Societv of Philadelphia. Hqwever divided
fin advancing an. art on which vre all agree i;
f that our solid and imperishable prosperity dei
I pends.-- It refjuires no spirit of prophecy 40 -foretell,
that vehenevet a generous spirit :'of,;
.emiitatjoh shUU beawafeenei amonc the cul"
P V 1 !.. ....... ... 1 1 ' i 1 1
I . mr&i lmprovemcni mu oe rani, uernaps oe-
iyond partHel. For there i rio cftintry on
I the face of the globe, in which there is
I numerous a class of intelligent and enlighten-
i jed nSCn, whose entire substance is drawn
from agriculture, as in .the United States.-
" .Hitherto this respectable . class of men has
.Almost exclusively devoted the powers of
Iheir minds ; to political topics ; and it is to
Ihis circumstance that we are principally to
ti iuc iue iow s ie 01 agriculture, i ucic
iSi however, no incompatibility between po
litical and agricultural researches $. and we
liope that those men, who have signalized
themselves by a noble real in the cause of
Lioerty, Tvill increase the gratitude of their -covintiy,
by devoting their attention to that
object on which our independence and
berties ultimately depend. V e are accustom
ed to consider and denominate certain pro
fusions liberal. , Why noplace the agricul
tural art on the same eminence? Is there
ny profession on earth more honorable..?.. A
protession which confers indapepdence, and
ensures tranquility and health a profession
the zealous cultivation f which offers to the
mind a Geld sumciek capacious for tie
txercise of all its powers. It is true that
under monarchies, where labour has been
considered degrading and 'ndependence cri
minal, it has been despised. Nut is this a
reason why in a Republic it should be held in
Ihe same ignoMe esueem I .'
PREMIUMS if '
; ' . AGRIOJL'IVRAL SOCIETY
Or PHlLAXiKLFHIA 1
, Yor thTVCTTlSOS. ..
'T 6tthiucdtiUcnj measure, experiment, or
prnt!c-ey now prtfmtd, aZd'commenctd in (Ait
cr ilit su&teding jear, as . necessity may re
quit, U brMgtit'totitJfuisih pJfec lion -and
proof.
jO.certcinix the tfapcntnt parts of arable
"land.
' To the person who shall produce the most
tsliklactory set cl exptrimeiui, to ascertain
r the due proportion of the several comioiitnt I
parts of araMc lanua, in one or more oi the
eld cout.ties r f ihis stule, by an accurate I
analysis thereof. A like analysis in detail j
'luust also be made of the poorest, medium,
fc'tJ richest soil, in the I'.ounty or cumues.
lly a !uc admixture of these soils or sub
stances, within the, reach of common fr
tncts, they are by ihese experiments, to be
cnaVled to itnnroTt by Kood tillaej and a
course of spplicabls trops.the jiortstpr inoit
worn land wi'.h the matciajs foUnil in tlitir
own farms or thoit of tlitir nei 'l.bours res-
ccllvrlv. I.imc, or limestone is excluded,
ts qualities and tRecls Icing already well
Xnon. Hut clays, murl, gypsum and
sand, or other natural subVtar.Ces, fill within
the neanlnj of this proposal. The crop,
o fir as r.o;isi',cnt with good Lusbaitdry, to
ts'the same aficriniprovtincn as before, !c
t'iclr relative product t be g'f cti. All aux
il'ury and ii.flutncin circumstances to be
incntioacd ;,ss well as the rutHle and results
)( the anatrsis : and the proporlious tl U.e "
cnmitinaiinns. . AriiDciat inauurri, cuer im
protement, (lime ttthis staqe n'tsy Je r,e)
intv be used, if the hke hod hem before ap-
j.lltd: anj fell the tricans Ind tircumstanctt i
ire to be Uirly rJtvclr.pvu. A piece Cl fiate
cf tLt value of 100 dolUrt.
The chjt Is pot cuy to i-rornnie expn-i
tret. calculated to iinprcve I'arivs, but r.t
the rustcriaU fourvl w;on tlirm: and thus
ave oritcn.l the effn-aty cf arhl'...iil nun
urt, but. tiTisiitc a pitit cf exploratit'ti tt
fiils, estt'it, tnsrle aiut ct.y, Pfpl.cMc
lo ii;ricuttiral s well as nmnuf uctstiei I'tir
pof. Tor au!tcrrntous uf4iclie, the
sKlrty hate provided a vttf cotnjiltte ct
cf Utin infttrumen'.s w'r.li lith'thi
wh will use ihun 7wt.tualty ma)- be actcm
modated. " t .
Tnf the f,retc.t'i'ia,iiiv iid tril IrcTtth
ploughed 4rn l .'I, not Kst thtt 5 acres.
trciici -rr rwt ici thr n 10 Imlws ticcp.'
The f'Ueinc, tiV uf iicathicr'.s re
crnnnJi H, It is Ir.omn t.bc pi attietllci an4
ta1y pif tmcl. . -
I. f ot.1 f t A plo 'rh, frfm t? to U
irhri w'i e !rt the hind l tt of Ihe iao er
(Ae, ca'.i .l Med Ui fair yd the Sod horn 5 t 3
' '
Igehcs cp, sewor-Jm; ta U sicptbtnf tU
roMd ttjtm.
7, A.n.nheavy Trench rku;ti, ftps
lie tf ,'ai.itx a lpi of fnm 8 ta 10 is
thct -f n o il I cr firth. Iklt matt tc tue
ftr tue iH.aes tiarrortr than the IVW
Pl'Hith, cr it i'4 cut' ii. 'o tmpired soil. ,
Ihe fust it w N dtaan by a p.ir f boms
eroscn. Iht teevaJ by tw ( ir cf .aen,
or strength equivalent, A Trench musf .be
first made wit,h the Trench'PIoogh as deep
as practicable. ' 4The Farms Plough must
then pare, the sod oft the intended furrisw,
and turn it, into the-trench, fhe irencn
Plough 'follawi. constantly after the. Paring
Plough. -This" throws "over a body of "earth ;
jsp.is to bury all weeds, which are plated too ;
Ieep far vegetation,' and thus, by rouins;, be-
conic manure. . i uc luuum. uuam ui, uic
Trench ; Plough should: have a thin plate of '
exible iron an old stone savrthe" best) screw-
ea on us upper euge, ycmcaiiyfx&nA sXtJ
tend tlx aurfate and accommodate Swc't 10 .
the curvature of the mould board. W ith
this auxilary, the loose earth will be c'nii
pletely thrown into the trench. It is other
wise liable to run over and cho&k the plough.
Both troughs, (the latter the most) require -bridles,
or clevasses with notches ar.d curva
ttd regulator, to direct and fix boih their
depth and lateral cova ye. . ."Such pre nut un
common. The East-Jersey, 'or low Dutch
plan is the best for the Tretich Plough. A
coulter is not much required.
This opeVation sloul 1 be performed in the
autumn, and the field lay through the' winter
to attract from jiie air whatever '..is the food
of plants ; artd to receive the bsnefits of frc
. qnent frosts and thavvs. The subsequent
ploughing need be no deeper than usual in.
good tillage. If limed the first spring for
Indian Corn, the better it will produce. A
fallow crop only should succeed the trench-'
ing the first year ; and corn admits and re
quires frequent stirring and exposure of the
soil." For the best experiment a gold, and.
for the second best, a silver medal.
3. A course on Tnncvd Ploughed grouid. ;
For the best and cleanest course of crops,"
on not less than 5 acres of land Trench Plough
ed. The1 couise may-be 1. Indian" corn.
2. Legumes. If beans or peas, of a species
least subject to the bug ; and sown on the
(allow of the ser,ond year, s6 as to be off in
time' for a winter crop of wheat or rye.-
Broad cast of the legumes as a cover, will hi
preferable; tho' drilling Mill be highly useful
Potatoes, may occupy a -part, and so o(t in time
for wheat. J. Clover sown in the winter '
grain. . 4. Clover. This courie will be pre
ferred in a. competitio.i, unless the society
shall he convinced, by the results of another
course, that, in practice, turns out better. '
MiUiure-admitted ; but the hest products
with the least artificial manure, will be pre
fcriTd. A gold medal for the best and one
of silver for the second best experiment.
The object of both the above premiums is
to introduce a practice, fouttd very b-nTicial .
whsre it has been fairly tried ; and to place
the experiments in the hands of spirited and ,
intelligent agriculturalists, who will do com--plete
justice to themselves, and'lhe. subject
recommended to their exertions. "
4. C:i.r of l.sgwninout crrit.
For the preatrst crops rf bcun.v rras, or,
'oihtr legumes, of t!e kiud lefore mentioned,
sown broad "caM, as coxerin c.i f.U'.ows pre
paratory to winter jrraiti-Not le.. ihan J a '
ores', and left ilean una fit fur Aiitaf. These
crops ameliorate, ami do if t exuflit, like all
t'jlniifcrr.us plants and thosts sViose seeds,
produce oil. Oats the .wuft i;,d most ruin
cofto succeeding. v.inUr crop.
The object is, toiulrodare tlie practice of
aluable 'and Improving cvtrint; crop."ln
prcferance to n tked fallows, or exhausting J
covers- A silver ioeiai,or 0 ooilart.,
5. Dtstiulio cf pfrtnniil ,ttds.
Tor the best set f csperimcn'.t Calculated
far the destruction of perennial weeds. The
tlairy or May weed, rausted, gailicV, andt.
Jahn'swott, to be particularly aimid at and
iioficti!. A bctanical account t the wids
commonly infesiic vit ju Ids, will highly
KcommtMl these experiments f and com
iniH.ltaiic.ns relative to all rr any cf these
emimcritc d, ti!l be gratefully received.
T!.W account shnu'd specially mark the stages
or their growth ; and periods when they nre
the mosteaMlr destroy td,'by the means em
j'livid. pottniaitig Inr tt.e destruction cl
.rc'., it as iirrcssary and laudable, as it it
fur the prcpaqation ami cuRf.re cf useful
plants. i',hin pmmotes the health, in.
.i- aoc, anl vuluc rf the Ut'.er, more than
expelling the forme 1 rench Ploughing it
tkiludcd. This ha hctnf.undto be 'he
s-jreu noc of rfestroyiriir weeds t espcVtU
1 I those w iih DUrousfcr bulbous loots. A Jcld
I ',' medal. ' " '
, To the pTsn w!ii shall txhihlt to the
sv'at) an account of the profits cf the best
Jairy, applied to butter er cheec. Not less
! twenty cows. The jgrcukat proportion
j ef cows kept the itngrtl In pror.f, and the
best. Winter feed (economy toiiuereu)
Jj fur carrying the cos pmdacrtvely thrvu-jS
the tessoit, enters Inti the account. " ii
ll rrt itctl nrodiict ftam an imial rtttmber. kent
J without chanre fexetM tv substitutions ef
-ii ... . . . . .
1 wvllbredleifertralKdontherafmJthrouKh
the tsar, will have the urtfertnec. It It to
t I llftltlAJ ill ft t i.t. I A S.fe Irk.
vr v'" t "S'-t at ML Ijllf w 1V SjV
he admitted, unltit fu! protf, on the annual
hlaee tt accouuiv, that tuth prtctiec Is
foinparstiel the most pvn.rietiTe and prw
fttb'c. when in cyomnetition with one ttirdi
c.c J on Lcep'.i) the ume tel of cows tW
the year. The same profits from the perma-
nent dairy (unavoidable castvalties . aHpwed)'
I will be preferred, Jt 7ili be rcommcndatp .
I tf pf the pretensi pnf ef the claim ant, if the f:
account be ae'eompanjed with experiments,; :
of practical knowledge pf. the esjsifces,
. description) breed, and. ages of dairy cawstl
Tbe object is to Induce an attention to the
breed and selection cf dairy; cows. Their?
; point and qualities differ from those proper '
lor breeding, beef eattle, or for venders for
, milk. Much depends even with the best stock,
on regularity and Attention in the dajry wo--man.
Unlesa Ereat 'care in stripping, and
regular periods of milking, are practised, as . !
well as cteardirtess in keeping, the best 0h
VVifl sport tease to be in profit. ; ,?Tlle quality,'',
and not the quantity pf milk, is thV most ini-
porUht. Nor are the largest the best, for the
oajryt especially where mere are snon, oue
anu irregular seasons. A silver meuiu or av ,
dollars. '"
' ; , , T, Live Fences. , ;
For the beat experiment . on, or, practical
application o ony ; pieces of shrub or tree
proper for live fences t and the roost-econo.-,
mical and practicable mode of securing them, ;
in their early stages of growth, from injury,
by catte or other ehemict. ; , ??'y(J
The general ideVof European agricultur
alists has been confineil on this subject, to
thorn or quick set enclosures. But these.,
may not be lound exclusively the best .here.
On Long-Island, before the revolution, a very
able and spirited proprietor of a large estate
there,;went ycry extensively into tncloBiires
with .quick set, procured not enly in this
country," but from jurope and elswhere.-.
He found the ;thorp,' of every description,
subject to many casualties k diseases ; some
of them-unknown in Europe. Blights In
jured a great propoijion, after they were in
surTitient gijpwth for enclosure "without pro
tection. It was rot frequent that a sound
crop of Haws was produced ; the ser being
subject to the worm, and other impediments
to their perfection. Although it 'is aull tie; -
sirable, that evry attention should be paid to
the haw thorn, it is not improbab!e.hat some
other of our native shrubs or, trees, may .'
thrive as well, if net better; and equal the
thorn in utility, 1 he object therclbre is, to
promote enquiries and experiments that shall
iletefmin (ms jint. The walnut, the ap
ple, the loney, the white flowering, and the
thorn loctst, have been tried, on a mall scale.
I I'acli hai its peculiar disadvantages. Tbe
m lute mtlberry has also been recommend
ed. Lite F-nces are orsuclrhi'ghimportarce,in
our old s:ttlements, w here the timber is dai
ly decreeing, and the expence cf enclosure
beconinj so Very teriuus, that the society
cannot siiTiciemly express their wishes, that .
i some spi-itcd and extensive measures may,
i without Ion of time, be commenced on this
i mrftuntout subject. '1 he present genera
J tion may retcn e ir'r electable advantages froni
j successful experiment end practice, in a de.
: ci icratuTti o eminently interesting to them.
I Hut P'v.-rvv still hless the memoiV of thoe.
I of sshose- ge'nbjs snd'lalv.iir they enjoy the
iruus. I nej; jw:u grarenniy icei ine urncuit
cf durahfe enciosuret, cununenccd, if, even
not entirely perfected, in cur day t and while
tthcy inherit these jsafe guards to their prp-i
perty, they will perceive the insurmountable !
.difTiculiies to which they would have been:
exposed, by a neglect on our part, to establish
and provide them. '
A gold or silver medal tcfortHng to the
merit and txtuit cf the experiracbcr prtc-
; I. thailng cn& crcf ping nev lands. ""
- For the best trrstitc, practicisl k theoretical. ,
founded o i experience and fic:t, as well at
crJcutatiott and invettigaticn, of the- most ap ,
prcved snd beneficial mode of clearing and
cullivating new settlemcnlt,' in an unseated,
and heretofore Uninhabited part of this
Hate, or one in its neighborhood. A gtU
nedkt. .
Many cf us are intcrcttcd In nef lands
and all of u. from public motives, wish to
Introduce shelter stile of clearing snd cro
pine? ii.to our new countries.' Information
Iront several new settlements (particuVuly ;
some tn the state (T cw. otk) uvcr.ulc
to a far better plan, of both elctring and ercp
ping. ll It, to till lest ground, cleired per
IceSlyi and cicpisccordiogtocireumstaiittt,
at near as practicable to the rule cf pood husa
b.nJr'y. IwUrcrs are net there In tester
plenty, than lUetshtfC, In tuch seijUmcait
snJ yet the tcltlci succeed and thrive.
luir OS'jtce it inereiorr, ioouiaiuf.ua prv
mulgtte cscry ipttiet cfloformstion and
therioy be ensiled to recommend trd cu
toursge Utur modes cf clearing, an4 a
more -.dvtnUgeous, as well at re putable tUla
cf husbandry, la rur new couotmt.
There are h these countiet, many Intel
littnt titient, who may, snd Httr.cpcd will
tssiit in hath ei Smpte and imcitirvbn. But
same cf these have oot correct ideas em tj is
s,hjftt. They to'neeive ttvat thf art of hut
baWdrlr, for the moit put, tansistt in ttstftr
ln, or creatinj fertility, hich in rcw lands
it V fft cf nature. But the Let ts, thst
futility without ?;jftd manty.tmtr.l, like a
aatagc la jwtr and suljtct to rw eitdiird
regulation, as often exerts itself mischievous- j;
ly as profitably. ' It frequf;nlly ruins by tie
suite-ry and misapplietrrj ierations. AVtedsi
and other worthless prd dircts, are its olT -spring.-:'
'TKe'.i''inaty astsj'. might b ;
prevented,' destroyed: or converted -intd be? .
nefirsi'ithw'e'ir.'Jitecfct'd systeWa. To in ;
stance cjnly tfic sorrel ; tippearentfy the rfvost ;
mischievous vand ForbiiUiing. It has bee ft
found tliat VUh lime, it r oay be made a pow
erful and 'efficieht auxf liliafy HO profitable .
cvr)ps, ancrwrhtn Judicioui ly applied, isknowft
in ?:ur6pe to. bp So val-1e that the sorrel '"'
stone is fouVd,abundantljV in mast of oul'tie.sr
lands, oraJrWst, in very ektensive districts.
Carefpj experiments may point but the mode
cfiiminig latTds- cver-nii i by' this apparent
pet' to as to destroy its;-bad qualities, and
convei.t it to kalutary and '. profitable purposes;
If thw be not now deeme d eligible ip parts ' ;
where land is less valuableVthanlaboiriii."wiil )
nevertheless be. an object ei;S ijonjr. w"h.h' the -:-products
'of ' land- are, uha( tai'nabls, Svitjiftuf '!-'
combinations -of 'labour yit-h ingenuity, good '
raanagement f.nd app'ropriaayslems of hus v
9 'lrffrifiiiry Essay ami. Plan. . ' '--:,,
PotXhe' best r,'flnrfn'ij:.fpr',prhioUng ' '
veterinary :vknowlege aiid; inlitruciion, both
scienii'ficialfand practitaflyji;' lender the ' cir-'t i
cums'tances of 'oiir country. Aid .to -schoofa ' "
and establishments, for tms,- aitiong other a
gricultural purposes, orrght to"!be g,iven Ly' .
the national and state legislatures.' But a
gricuhu.re, and the .'subjects connected , with
it, have not heretofore bee clvWished ' ty :
their patronage. - Her. j-oungc'r.sistef, - coin
tp revenue, and thereby secured '
protection and encouragement.':'. But private.
and individual exertions, for tlfe acccroplish- , '
nient of agricultural objectSf thust,- from ne i
cessity, be resorted t.'t, for public benefits dc'
rived .from this primary, source.. cf oil the
wealth and prosperity we enjoy. Some of
the most syorthy, -and truly respectable go
vernment, and many of the mcst eminent
men in Europe, have deemed thc'clject here :
.recommended, .honorable, politic, and pro--"motive
of the public interest -and prosperity;.
While ag'lculiuralivts are employed in the "r '
production of planta their stotlit of -t!teful
animals are baadoned w hen diseasr it! . so . ill '-
the calamttirtttendant on ignornnee.iy't tueif ,
maladie,'or cure. Pretenders aud cap:iMC, , . "
of tbciiioat "contemptible characters, )rty'n
the hecctsitlet and credulity, ofthpse wl.oa;e"
compelled to apply "to thera this subject
- The essay proposed, should tmong ctl.ej
requisites, be calculated to rouse the iittti.'
tion of medical professors, to this iraportar t
branch of neglected knowledge. It .-.houM ,
convince them, that they cannot employ thir-
selves, in any part of their studies, in a mm- . . ,
ncr more conductive to real retprctahiliy ii'
character, than in gaining and promulgating
information, so intimately connected, .wi'.h
the wealth and political economy of lheir.conr .
try. ' This society pledge themselves to d.v v
tinjruish, with some testimony of their gi b-
titudc, any medical professor v'hd will assi.t
them . in calling the attention xf students V
this very iniercsting subject. 4 . f. ,
' ' InVtStigaliims into antrtny, di4e1s.es and
'remedies, for the preservation and . Ioi;rove
mcnt of animals, cn which c,ur subsistence,
and comfirts so materially depend, must as ,
suredly be considered vorthy the mcst pa
tient enquiry, intelligent observation, and
profession;.! talents, cf the most cclt.hri.ted
among (loose, who have devoted thtmsrlscg ,
toniedtcal jMirsnlis. Aspstriotsitfliru'; sti
mulate llietr blic spirit. As'profctn 'tl
men, nothing ca? more -syo title them tctl.6
rewardsdue to their labours. Who i there
monj the most respectable of our on ci-
tircnt, or in the lug best fcrat'.cs oi sorlety in
the oldVotld, wlo has not deemed il n criio
rlou to promote.the Interests f( agrieuhure j .
And is there, any branch cf that ccctpatit-n
to important, at that row icccmn.cr.dcd o
the notice and enquiry cl medical men! It
il has held an inferior rank in the claiCca.
tion orteience and anowlcde, ll It entirely
oVingMo the onmeritcd r.cglcct with which
it hat been unaccountably treated. It it lime
it should tc rescued from obscurity, snd pi a
cjd among the most eommendaUe tndnc
ecitary bratthct cf mtdical education. A
50U medal.
10 Dominic tr IJtrjsehoU ftrvfatturtn
For the besl at.d greatest ciuantuy k q:.
litycf wotkn, cottea or linen fabrics, ma'
in.any familv. by ihe members thrrtit
Wevinff, fulling, and dressing, msy be don4
as usual, in the accustomed modes eloper
furmii.i th.e crerationt. Tat c4ject it, to
enccutage induttry in the families of firrrcis
atid olhcrt, at timet whsn leisure frcru other,
cccupttions perrnitt, bueh iotcrvslt are try
olun filed up iih dissipation, or tulTtrrdlo
puts sway in indolent wtste er Ir.aUtntlom
The materials beinj raised or ptcdocedori
the farm, v ill ettitle to preference In com
petition. The bteedof sheep, snd Juality of
wool, will be pctaiiaily rttoramtndstoty-
A silver medst.
Atthimhthe society hsve prlnelptUy con
Coed thrir prtmiumt to hncrary wisti-tctin.
they !1 atasti It rtsdr ti commute tlei3
i