.
H A L Us W I L M I NG T 0
G A Z ETT E.
n
m 58.1
T H U R S p A Y, FEBRUARY 8, 1798.
K "
Vol.. II. J
N
7be Two Republics.
Pcfitfoe cwfidrratlmf in th.e fubjeft ' of
differences between J
AMERICA and FKANCE. Ll
(rROM THK Prls RkDAC-TEUR.)
At a moment when the arrive) at Pa
if ffs'of fevcral Negociators on the part ot
the United States is announced, it do vhir
left will be very acceptable to our reader
to receive fbme exact ftateinents upon tlic
lobject of the differences 'wiiich havear:T
ien between Franceat d the Uoiied States.
The cable of the Americans againft the
Republic was defend dm the Ivcgiflative
Body by Emanuel fa'orct,' on the Mo.
tion of Order, upon the 2 J MelTidor, the
3d year. It was pleaded by forr.e r rench
Pubbcilre, or by men calling themlelves
by this name- But a caul's of "this' mrore
between two nations, can very ill bee'u
cidated by oratorical emotion, or politi
cal pamphlets. 'The matter receives no
light from the vehemence of the tribune
or the virulence of invective. Let us by
words out of the qudtion ; let lis conli
der things. The difficulty confitls in
fads, andk is with fads whicn we ough
to bt acquainted.
A Treaty of -Commerce, concluded bv
Mr. Jay, is the iotii ce ot the difference's
which we hav-- id ,i vHbgate. FhjS
Treaty was conc'uded at London on the
I ft November, 1 704: "it" was ratified by
the Senate of the Untied States, 'with the
exception of one art, de, upon the 24th of
June, 1795. ne fe4lQ-wing is fa .a few
words the tvllory of tins Treaty ;
It is well known 1h.1t there ex'ift a
mong th A ngkiu Americans two declared
panierrrrrg miFlon" ti itXSf The We reft a n I s ,
and unfortunately ot a- niaj rity in Hbe
Government and Leg (Inure this is the'
't '''J?. , party . the xulrivatoa of. land
form the other piity. The trial's of in.
? ople i more inclined to the caufe of
'ranee, and to the principle which die
feted the revohitvou. Tne latter rem m
ber that to Prince they owe thai liberty
which ;h(?y pr ze fb much ; the other
recollect that to KngL id tncy owe" then
txitence; this at L ..it j the mo'ive ge
nerd!y under flood to actuate the two par
ties.
It is melancholy to dilccver, in ever,
are and in every-country, the eternal
contest oecafio ed by this tRyifi m of the
hum in mind, between the .1 ri'ttocr.itic .
ail democratic! fpirif- Tfce States o;
Greece formerly experienced thef; ofcil
latiuns, which wrc alio the torment o:
the Roman KepuSKc. Thcumverl'c fcenv
abandoned to the fyltem ot Umfe two prill
ciplen The good one does not aU ay
prepnderat'j, and the United States lecint
to fr.ic'tjtie between the two. It is wel
kn vu that the Fret cii have couributed
in America to the triumph of the better
Genius, By a definitive treaty cunclud
edatParisin 1783, ftngland recobnized
the independence of America. T.'nsti i
ty fixed thelnv's -nJ lorn other poinra.
Up to the commence ut of the pre
ftn; war, thefe objects had exited tome
differences. The troops of the King ot
Etijjflnd tuil no; ooferveJ me lines ut de
marcation traced by the 1 reaiy. The
Etigli'h had carried offt ie negroes belong
ing to the U. States. Some American
ved-K by v. mis ot orders itturd on the
6th Nv. 1793, had been pllaged and
taken by Enj(lih veflcUi under pretencp
that ihey cat ned on traffic with the French
Welt-India illandt t;p-n a different loot
ug from that efUblnhed bef.j-e the war,
&C The lalt Heet a-s aliened the Ame
ricm Ih p-owneri ; they every where pro
telied aaiull h s proceeding. In the
L'flature criei of war ware heard,
fhoUtd the grievance of America not he
redrefTed. Tn G ivernmen: preferred
the aivMlenf conciliation t a NegociaiOr
wa lent to Ljndon, and the choice fell
upon Mr. Jay.
The C r 1 iflVrti. tint a: I.)i l )n
X!r. jay allowed hinifelf ro ne circj nven
ted hy the M.niflrr , C Mirttcri, the N
bleLordf, M'!nd, beli Jes, hy the com.
Pttfiitt of ima nniry gr;evancei w ii Ji the
llritnh m-niilT ru ia hi earl, be for-
grtevances of bi fell;w-citiiens, and thlT 1 lands, Lnglifnmen through all t! tir conn
tQ facfie yn purpole to procure redreii. t hen tne t jghen., m 177a: gfat
He faw no other means of extricatii . u - o the Americans eveiy thnvp, they de-
1 . .- r r 1 .. t . t ' 1 . 1 .1 1 . : . A J J ' . 11 '
hitnleit trom mis laDyrmtn out to pwBaywJUiu, pmcipaiiy an cxenipiioi
the conclution of a treaty vl peace itn
nd.
Here begins the return cf the b lt Je-il a rehrvatiou was nude of tbe
nrinrinle into the affairs ot America. b
reaty favours, in a decided irnanner, tl
interetts of . England, to the prejudice .
'c ranee, and leveral other powers, fui;
as-HoHmd-rPrullia and Sweden ; and x
openly Violates, in fevcral important ai j
ucles, the preceding treaties betwfAi
Trance and tne'United States. "Am
We here Ihonid obtetve, in at a 1 rea'; j
fr ni the da y ot'efcheat, to which iftfcti
toteignera dymc in f ranee were ii.iblt,
of- Commerce, favorable to the Aoieri
cans, ijejrociated nv franklin. Dearie aiwiwa
-Lee, had been concluded between Frwcf
and. the United States, along with a Trea
ty of Allianee, upon the 6t n of Feb. 177
1'htfe ireatjcs of Pari compared with clu,
of London negociated by Mr. J y, g?
rife to a parallel, and to ramarks. fgrf
Unking. ' We fh all advert to the fea ui'H
of the contrjft whicn were concealed i
perverted on Paftoret's moiion of ord- .
At the commencement ot the preic it
'ar. it was nrepoled to renew the alii r t
ingni reipectmg taking meattnes ;igau l:
the excels of emigration.. But Inre noth
i-g ii referred the children and grand
children of tberu'nerous lubjtcisot Great
Brit-in may increale to ii.finity, at d plat t
throughout all the dominions of ti e Ufii
ed Sta 'es ihis lhoot of Royalty. Twen
y "years ago tne Engldh were not (0
uch in falh on in America, and wpre
between France and America, but Air J by individuals hv pg cenfidence m eact
wsd with r .it he i mo:
Lirmleht dint they cotlld
fia and Sweden. The ibove claufe is not
. leJlely an infr action of thefe treaties
.inCf It. dnt not t.lc Jjr-ml o.. Amr - trl- '
r, properly ipeak-.p, to bind the Eug
i(b to do vt hat th y msf not wifh to do,
i: is net lets evident itut this article ia
aftogefhef to. the pn judice ot the Freneh j
rot it dors not lets refuit from this com
pliancy, o' perl aps trcnl (hit concert with
he enemies of the French republic, that
the Engl fh ro.y legaPy p'urder the. nier
chandize of ihe FiSnch in American veU
more etpec ally the c rn which the
Arnernsns may l-avp then plealed to fell
to the .French at a time oflc.rcity ond
r mbatrairp!CtfW neither tht Fiei.th,
Intch.vt- wfliai'S, nor the Swtdes,
not be kept j t-ould (eize on board the lame veflels mer-
100 far from their ttates, their ports, and 1 ehandize belonging to the Engldh Ic
their frontiers.
3d. The tenth article makes provision
torhe W;ir that rnay arile between the
wo contractu g. par ic s- In this cafe,
he funds whicn fliould De placed by ij d i-
. 1 i 1 1 t 4 1 '1 . -
fallals in tne piHtc oa-nKs, and t ie cot-
lers of individual!.', can be in no cafe e!-
her lrquettrated (r confiscattd,
would have been more honourable in the
American lenate to have dilavowed the
treaty, on the grtnnd pf this article a-
lorie,Jwhich it could npyiiave been advan
tageous tor them to adopt. ,
5'hiy. I3y the thirteenth article, the
j-Amuicans are allow-ed to carry On ..ajrde.'
i(h the bnp 11 etlahl fh mints' n xh
s nnjiiit and unpot.tic (fays the art clej F ft Indies' ; hot, among other rellr cYi
that debts and eniiaiieHienrs contract' tl
rica eluded this propoial : Nay, ii;tV ;
it endeavored to form, or rather it fount
and lohcited to eftabldhed, new bonds ,f
triendihip, of commerce, and mtM5
l-Co nned in with the cabinet of London.
In 1770, the French lavifhed tfw r
trea'ures and their blood in favor ,pf t. S
Americans during the war wih the K ;
of Great Britain : In 1704, America ct
eluded with the lame king ; m 'ft f voi
ble treaty-, at t-he Urn? t inrn .IuslK i .
was carrying on againfl the French a w
at once trie inoii violent and inoit unj'
At tb'' fir It t'diod, it was in France,
Paris itielf, that the treaties bet ween j,
hnu and the united States wore
cuteil 'he inrereit of ;he allied run i.s
ere then ftipulated in concert againit
that power wiiich wai then conftdtred a
'he vj'nmon ei.cmy. At prefetit, it is at
London where theynre conducted, with
out the knowledge ot france. It is at.
Philadelphia were thofe mfi hous articles
areadi.p.ed v;;h myfierioui iecrecy ar
t e'es by wh eh t'ie tntereits ol Fr;.;ite art
dcilroyed or trodden under toot.
Thefe treaties of ciifJJ' flion, to fay no
worfe, mud deeply alfect the French
They clearly ai n u iced to- them the
rup'itre of the alliance which fublilled be
tween them and the Americans, aJttiouh
that rupture had not been written x
prcfily n everv article of trie treaty ne
gociated by Mr. Jay. It in y be allert
ed that it :s there literally exprefled. We
(ha 1 co tidcr it article by article.
lit. The eight Hi It occupied fixina li
mits. They alhgn round eaco E ghlh
pot boundaries traced on the tctruoiy
of the United States which had 'notl in
to ff vsit ) ihe treaty of independence ii
1783. Their boundaries, the ex'eutot
which is not determined, mud people tht
interior of the Am:rican fron irr wiih
L ipItHi Colonies. By the lame articles.
t irre is granted to the Enybfli the free
navicratiou of the lakes and rivers tr -
v rlmg the United State, although th
t"-me liberty is not granted by the Eng
li(h on their own rivers but under refine
uveclaufei. The Enghfli are adnitted,
without any equivalent, to (hire theter
ri'ory to the ealt of the M.uiifippi, &c
Ve admit that thefe facls fectn only to
concern (he Americans but they difco
vcrthe (pit it of kiijdnefs and of favor Id
which the treaty is conceired. 1 his wtl
be (een more clearly from the fubfequent
arocles.
2!. The ninth ar ide ftipuhtei, thai
heiubjecbof Enhiul and toe Uoi'ed
lllttlal prrfeut p(Teiling lands in the
Mindary of the trrmory ol either nation,
thalf-enjoy all the priTdegei of the na -ires
of either country, and (hall not be
reputed ftnngrrt. The prp rnon ot
the lands thus pniT'fTed ta u?t ipecified.
Are the American Emigran t cmnprehen
d.'d in this claule i Whetier this be fa or
nut, it lollowt that the United S.aiea wdt
t
filler mould be deltroycd or weakened
y fhen'dUonal authority on account cf
m fferences luhlittin-' betcni the two
il itions." , T))H lalt pdrgriph is what
may partly b termed , pt:ikj,p!y. Vy t
know very well hi on a la.e .ocafion,
England practned this I'uhline theory.
W e kno w. ho w file philofaphically re Ipect -ed
the fi.rd of tr.e D.uch Merchants'
who were, by the way, thffi.- lt and the
l.'.2L. '.rJeil4a of - the Ann gicau People t
rinlol 'phy apart, how could the lattn
i hp have neither fleets nor arm t s, thn k
"i Lying afidc tt ,s arm, tuc cn:y arm
;tiey cai employ in c afe tiieyhae kj
' 'l r ft rAHw-'- ti f f rkr .-..rTftrjvi of irtw
.. ... , .. ... ,
and. fs it not to furnndr theuitelve
Eiigfand by tjitm the r own hands?
4hly.'Bv the twelfth ait.ee, " the
Amer cans bind thetn'elvea not to expoit
Vom the Un ted States, to -n part of the
orld wh.ntver, during the prtWHl v ir,
1 1 . i-. 1 nr .
and tor two veari a:ici , cimcr inonmo..
.ir, cocoa, coffee it cotton, wbetftn
thefe ar. clea may be the pri duce of the
French, Eng ifh, orSpanilh llla.ids." I he
sr.,.. l jlrtl tl t
cocoa 1$ a pruiuce ot tne opa..i.u ponei-
ions: Ttie United Sta es ti.cmlel via pi o-
ducecottoi. 1 tie Am-Tons are attrr
vards proh:bittd Imm irjuio 10 the Un
. . .7 . .... . . ft. . c .
tilli ettabiiliiincnu in vtlicis ol a i .ryer
lurtheu than 70 ons. Hut how are the
Americans co tranfnort, in fuch vfl'els,
either their wood forbuJdin, or thto-
tlier c imbrous product v.hicli are con-
veyed from their territory J the pre
ceding articles are to be afcribvd to a con
iivance and a muked predilection t. r
ons. tne w r.oieoi the merchandize hmioht-
fioui tliole eflrtbldi ments u ult be landed
cxclufiwly in the ports of ilie Umtecl
States riu mtelvesj ihus then, the Ame-
ricans canno: en ty to Canton cr to any
tier pat tot the glebe, Mhat ihvy may
ih:p ii. the I n;.l:fh Aliatic colonies It is
bus that tluy deflre, by tie r example,
s mucn st t y can,. it.e treedom-cl navi
gation. 1 0 thote advan'.iges tJify laeti
liii'd at oi;ct b( tli. their engagements and
the it eaijier tonnection? 1 I4'h,
,15th, iotti ar d i?ih art'cits, tontan ihe
i'ull-tiot-s of th;;-' con. nil fee, "alTd of
t r new iin olh 1?.
6 ,l. 'ihe 1 8th paragraph, ennmerafr
'lie merch.ii tl ze v. hie h (hall in ;r..ri
e Lr.lid.r..J a nnxiaid, ccinprc
rends in tins iilt (he tneniltl ai tides
h h. hi tht tr a y v ith th French, as
eil as thole w ih tiie powers ab ve nam.
d, v. ere cm.fideied as free merchandize
i he'i anicies.are wood for fli p.l uild -
ing, pitch, ana tar copper in plates, liax,
1. 11 .l. i 1. y
coroage, ami nnauy, wnatevtris emptoy-
ed in .ht ci nlh uclion f vi ffils. 'J bus.
hen, the Americans tho't that they were
n .bled, according to the (eims of the
treaty they have etncred into w'ulrrarre.
to tup.ity ;11 tbele articles m the Endho
marine with wfiicnttet can no longer tur
rr. nee, ncdiand, rruuia or bwedei:,
aicur n to the t. rnu of the treaty nego
dated bv Mr. fati
7'hiv. i he 2i(t anie'e Hates, that
the Anviuans can accept no comtn fl'mn.
nor act houuely againtt Lnglai.d, either
in ihe armies 01 fleets ot theereni' , and
recipipcally' Mr. Jay would perhaps
have rend' red a mole honourable (ervice
to nis country, and to hurrfanity, if he
Unr land on "it we nut to ieiard ihe A
v ' . . . 0 . I 1 1 , .11 .or.
mericair.as bowi.ig the necU o He yoke 'hi ' nummus mooc
of that nation? We ouht, beftdes, to ' ' Pr' vent-ng Eiigland; by the mean of
conlider, which is the one ot all the pnw
rs ag .inil w.uch this at tide isexclufively
I retted. By the ninth article of the
Treaty nf Alliance cv-c!uJvd in 1778 be
ween America and France, (he former
Jower had curafiteed to its deliverer
their American pofTeflijn?. It is util
anowi) that hitherto the Urn eu iiates
have unlor unately not been able to fulfil I ul fWtty,
preiiing ol le.imeii, mm rorcttig Ameri
can lailors to It rve in hrr ft cts.
8 lilv, and finiliy. Thr 24 h and acth
irticiekareihofewii.h contain the molt
1 vom chuffs, the ftipulatinni which
-rein moll diietfu litM nvof the treaty
t 1778. it wdl be ueceflary, in the firft
uflaiue. to read the text of the article
m a mrrct way in s article 01 their in a
ty t France bai excufed them ; but is ih
a rraion why thev ihould act in a wa,
dianicir cal'y the reverie? Now, d-.
101 their new arrangements with the
Britifh lll in Js tend at once to facilitate
" Ii (hall be lawful for the fiYpi of war
ml privaterra of either power, to convey
freely, vhascver iliry lhall choofe, the
vehcls and merchandize taken from the
enemy, without being ob'iged to pay any
luty to the officers of the admiralty, or
'heir fuppliei, an I 10 render tho!e of the I 10 ")' 0,b' j'g. lf never tl ey lhall
Ki that he h.mlelf was lent 10 itat: itujf1vc in lUe,r bofomi Engiiih polleffurs of
rrcr.cn i;iiiuii more a nuu; f will no
the American villcis luppty the Kij.ihb
with the means to maintain thtmfe'vrs
n the uforpation of Martiutqiiei By th
lame twelfth art e'e it i alfo priv:ded, thai
during the prrfeut war, and for two
years after, the qti'ftmn, whether, be
tween the Enghlh and Americans, the
neutrality of vefltls lhall apply 16 the mer
h inmze ihey contain, fhall ba left un
decided. Tms u iefti n has been affirma
atnveat and enter toe poru ot e ther of
thele powers Prizes of fnis deltnption
t-n iut be detained or fe zed ; the inlpec-
tors or oth"r officers of thrle porta can.
ot tnlpett thele prizes, nr enter into
any frcurity as to their legality but they,
the vefli l of war or privateers, m-y (ail
t all time, nd carry i heir pr zi i the
places named in thetr commiflions, which
the r commtnderi lhall be obliged 10 pro
duce. On 'he cntrary, theie fhall not
tvely decided in (be d fTercnt treaties be-1 he Rncn n ,hf,r P11 r' ,UF r
Jweeo America and France, bet ween I 'H-lter to thole, whoever they maybe,
Fraucc aod Holland, and between Pruf-l" hn made captures from tut
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