PAOITWO
Itai CAIOLIHA TnUi SATUBDAY. FEB. li. 1M5
Hie High Cost Of Segregated Schook
Rfloant' studies and those
now being made reveal some
startling facts about the tre-
mencfaMis price the South has
been and is now paying for
segregated schools. One of
the studies entitled, “Special
Groups," made by the U. S.
Selective Service System and
covering certain areas and
periods during World War II,
shows beyond any question
that the losses are not only
reaping their harvest on Ne-‘
groes &it southern whites as
well.
While the study in certain
parts deals directly with the
“rejection rates for education
al deficiency by race and se
lected states,” it also uncov
ers the dastardly manner in
which the South has been
robbing its own white chil
dren of education of a high
er quality in order that white
supremacy may be maintain
ed in this land of Dixie:
This editorial will not deal
with the percentage of re
jections of all the southern,
northern and western states
in World War II, but only as
they relate to North Caro
lina. It is written mainly for
the purpose of revealing to
the members of the North
Carolina General Assembly
of 1955, the stupidity and
folly of their attempts to hold
the line against integrated
public schools in this state,
and to show them that not on
ly are Negro children suffer
ing from the continuance of
segregated schools but their
own children as well.
On page 146 of the study
is revealed that in World War
II, North Carolina had a to
tal of 12,745 registrants de
ferred on account of educa
tional deficiency. Of this
number, there were 3,881
whites and 8,864 Negroes.
Thus the percentage of Ne
groes who were unable to
qualify for armed aervice be
cause of educational defici
ency was 15.8 while that of
whites was 2.6.
It may be that white lead
ers in North Carolina and the
remainder of the South are
perfectly willing to sacrifice
the flower of their numhood
on the altar of war to main
tain segregation. It may be
they would prefer that south-
'ern blood should drench every
battlefield of the world than
to surrender their priviitoge
to look down on another hu
man being solely because of
skin color. But does this make
sense? Is it Democracy? Is
it Christian
It has been interesting to
note th^ delight and satisfac
tion express^ by many in
telligent white persons in
North Carolina over the re
cent low IQ rating of Negro
children in Chapel Hill in
comparison with white chil
dren in that city. They are
claiming that because of the
tests Negro children are
“mentally unfit to meet stand
ards set for white students.”
In answer to this claim to
mental superiority we quote
from the fifth paragra^ on
page 160 of the study already
referred to:
White registrants who had
fewer educational oppor
tunities than Negro regis
trants had higher rejections
rates. This is demonstrated
by the fact that. Negro re
jection rates for New York
City, Illinois, Massachu
setts, Michigan, Indlma,
West Virginia, Ohio, Ken-
t u c k y, California, and
Pennsylvania were lower
than the rejection rates of
white selectees from Geor
gia, Virginu, Alabama,
South Carolina, ArkanMU,|
Texas, and North Carolina.
Thui^ there was a tremen-
doua loss of manpower due
to educatlMial def^ndes
caused by lack of adequate
educational opportu^ties
for both racial^ groups
the South.
Thus it now appears that
instead of producing an
argument against integrated
schools, the Chapel HiU test
has produced the strongest
one in favor of them. For no
one but a moron would sug
gest that Negroes in northern
states are any more mentally
fit to meet standards in New
York than whites in North
Carolina or any other south
ern state. The only explana
tion then is that where Ne
groes have had equal educa
tional opportunities, which is
only in integrated schools,
they have shown equal abil
ity.
Sooner or later we are go
ing to have to face the fact
that North Carolina and oth
er southern states simply do
not have enough money to
nuuntain even one standard
educational system of th«
highest sort to say nothing of
two. And since ^e U. S. Su
preme Court in* its May 17
decision declared that “in the
field of public education the
doctrine of ‘separate but
equal’ has no place” and that
separate educational facilities
are inherently unequal,” we
are of the oj^on that not on
ly should Negroes never sub
mit to s^regated schools, but
every jiecent white citizen
within the confines of North
Carolina and other southern
states should never cease
fighting until every child,
white or black rich or poor
shall hafe the right to equal
educational opportunities.
Support For Hie NAACP
..iUu^.n^WSpaper throws its
full support behind the ef
forts of the National Associa
tion for the Advancement of
Colored People to include in
the proposed federal aid to
education legislation an anti-
segregation clause. As badly
as such aid is needed it would
be a slam on American de
mocracy for this nation to al
low public funds to be used in
perpetuating segregation in
public schools.
^ufhem sliates that are
now studying means of defy
ing the Supreme Court’s rul
ing on segregation in public
schools need to understand
£hat the practice of using pub
lic funds to humiliate any seg
ment of the nation’s citizen
ship is unlawful and will not
be tolerated by the federal
government. We know of no
better way to impress this
fact on the minds of all Amer
ican citizens than to withhold
the allocation of federal funds
from any and all states that
will not comply with the Su
preme Court s ruling.
Although it will have little
or no infiuence on southern
senators, branches of the
NAACP have been informed
by the national office to urge
their senatoreTo sup^rt the
positions of the NAACP.
In addition this newspaper
would like to urge church,
fraternal, professional and
business organizations to do
likewise. After they have
^one this, we would also like
to urge them to see to it that
every member registers and
votes in every election whe
ther local or national. An
increase in Negro registration
and voting will have mor«
effect on the attitude of south
ern senators and representa
tives than all the other ef
forts put forth to back the
NAACP in its fight to bring
freedom to Negroes in the
South.
With the exception of_ the
church, it might not be a bad
idea for all Negro organi
zations to make tf,$ rule that
before any person can become
a member he or she must
first become registered. Cer
tainly, this would impress up
on the minds of a large seg
ment of Negroes the &ipo^
ance of registering and vot
ing. .
Editor
Carolina Times
Thanks very much for your
editorial entitled "Worst Than
An Infidel" that appeared in a
recent edition of your paper.. As
one who has followed the
Booker T. Washington Memori
al Foundation from its infancy
as was set up in FrankUn Coun
ty Virginia, here is some infor
mation that might be of interest
to pour readers.
It was reported to me
through the colunms of several
of our weekly papers that the
B. T. Washington Memorial
Birthplace Foundation had fold
ed its arms and the founder
now seeks to blame failure of
this proposed project on the
non-cooperation of Negroes.
Nothing that begins wrong
Better Atliletic Contests At N. C. Coliede
Try as we may this news- conference teams. This ex- “ded footbaU game. ~ Their
paper cannot go along with plains, they say, the weak se- prefe^enca for contests be-
the softening program of the lection to replace Tennessee, tween first-cla«J contests is
football schedule which ap- jn addition to the infor- much too strong to do that,
pears to ^ gomg on at North mation above, this newspaper l^ocal fftnp had about begun
Carolina College. The placing happens to know that Morgan to look on the contest of NCC
of bother or pushover teaiM state College almost got on and Tennaasae State as one
wf, ®^8les sch^ule will knees to NCC officials last of the major football games
do httle to ^ist athletic of- school year to arrange a game of the nation. Now, along
facials at NCC m wipmg ou the Eagles. Thp plea ieU come4ithtoti« offtmla at NCC
the deficit experienced last upon deaf ears and Morgan to abolish the CQOtest. For-
year in athletic contests. pushed aside for a weak- tunatelir or uo&Hrtuoately,
This newspaper has been er team. hwe a habit of staying
informed that Tennessee ^ ^ould pay the NCC ath- “ d*®w» from push
State has been dropped from officials to ov« gmm TWb is poasibly
the Eagles’ schedule to make this policy if they hope by it to what wiH year ^
room for a team regarded as draw bigger crowds to athle- the play the. wiu end lip right. From the
a soft touch. Officials at N. C. ti,. events. The fans just aren’t teapi now given the position very beginning as one who has
College stated that CIAA pel- going to shell out perfectly ^CC schedule once oc- followed this project it got off
icy requires conference teiuns _ood money to witness a one- cupied by Tennessee State. wrong foot. Some few
to be given priority over non- years ago while working as a
reporter for the Journal and
Guide, I was assigned to the
coverage of the auction^ sale of
the now reported defunct site of
the Booker Washington birth
place.
On that dreary afternoon all
kinds of mystery surrounded
the purchaser of the site who
outbid the late Thomas C. Wal
ker, Glouster, Va., who, along
with Conrad Martin ^ of Dan
ville, Va., Lee Wald, retired
businessman of Rocky Mount,
Vs., and several others who
were interested in the sale hop
ing that the Negro Organiza
tion Society of Virginia might
develop not for commercial
purposes, but to develop as a
shrine' to the noted educator.
It was the thinking of Mr.'
Walker, Lee Waide and others
SATURDAY
Ok
FEB. 19, 1955
L. E. AUiTIK Pabliakar
CLATHAN M. MM, Ultor
H. ALBERT SMITH, ManagiiV MItor M. K. JOBMftON, Buafaiaas Managar
JESSE COFISLB, CIrcalattni ~
*>utoll«i*d rvary S«turd*f> oy tkc UNITKD
KIBUSHHU. laewvmtad «t SIS B. PatUsnw St
a* nwa tUm nattw at Dm Pom Offio*
ai Morth CmrmHmt anrtir lh« Act of Mmttb
S. Mia
Ms svnaataa at poMiaatloa tt inwiWiWiS awts-
rtal. Lattan to Ilia a4ltor lor pMMlcatfaw must ba
rtsna^ tad ■naWmS ta tOO wosda.
Subaortpttoa Bataa; ISa p«a totr, Six taaaXbt,
tsaa. oaa Taac. fsas (f
Life Is Like That
' BY H. ALBERT SldlTU
YOUTH NEEDS DISCIPLINE
Some years ago, a hard shel>
Baptist preacher informed his
eight-year-old son that he must
buy his own clothes. It was a
painful edict for the lad who at
that time, had only one pair of
badly worn ^oes. His father
refused to buy him another
pair. But the youngster accept
ed the situation with the grace
and courage of a maturity far
beyond his years.
From that time on, the boy
clothed himsell. He got a new
pair of shoes, but not because
his father relented. The young'
ster bought them with hard
earned ^ash for ^^ich he ran
errands and did odd jobs.
Key To His Success
When he was twenty years
old, his father died. But the boy
had long been self-supporting
and was well prepared to face
the world on his own. In later
years, he was the proud and in
dependent owner of 1,584
stores. In commenting on his
dad’s stem discipline, he said
that whereas he thought it to be
too stern for general practice,
he could attribute his success to
that discipline.
School or Work
By the time I had reached
fourteeol years of age, a school
house had come to symbolize
for me a concentration camp
and teachers heartless tyrants
with whom parents bad con
spired to cheat youngsters out
of the ioy of living. Boolu were
alright but not the kind that
schools suppUed. Study had be
come an abomination. I decided
to quit school.
My father was for no part of
this. But he told me one ^thing
that made me think. “If you
quit school, you must get your
self a job, (lothe yourseU and
pay four dollars a week lor
board.” I knew he meant what
he said, and decided the time
was not ripe to assume such a
big responsibility.
Two years later, school life
became unenduraUe. I didn’t
know what I wanted to do in
Ufe, and thus had no incentive
to study. I quit school and went
to work. I soon found out that
unskilled hands could not
choo^, but' only accept. Be
sides, the pay was small and
the type of work open to me
irregular. , 
Endless Hours
There were long, hot, sum
mer days of endless hours of
mowing lawns. There were
other days of beating rugs that
contained endless supplies of
dust. It is even painful now to
contemplate the arm weariness
I experienced when first I faeed
tlUs task. I tried hod carrying fouK
three days and almost ^‘died’*
each day. The man for whom I
did this job never paid me.
Earned. Pay
I did a little pick and shovel
work and was glad to get back
to lawns and rugs despite blaz
ing sun and dust, .1 did a ifttle
work for a large raw-boned
Scotchman whom I’ll never for
get. He had great wide
shoulders, a big mop of nuxed
gray hair, a broad strong face,
and deep-set eyes over which
hung bushy eyebrows. He had
the statesman-like appearance
of Daniel Webster.
This man was very religious
(he often came to our prayer
meetings.) He was honest and
industrious. He paid what he
promised, but you earned what
you got.
Paid Board
Back in those days $1.50 and
$2.00 a day was supposed to be
pretty good pay. Often there
were no Saturdays off; some
times a half day on Saturday.
Woric was sometimes to be had
now and then. Often rain or
drough created a shortage. All
of which meant that sometimes
my pay was nine dollars a
week; sometimes five dollars ;-
more often in between. But
whether I earned nine, seven,
six or five dollars, my father
collected four for board. When
I had no work, there was al
ways food and a place for me in
my father’s house.
Mv Purpose
I have cited these two in
stances—the one of a hand-
shelled Baptist preacher who
forced self-support on his son
at the age of eight; and the
other of another preacher, soft
by comparison, who demanded
self-support when his son de
cided to quit school—m order
to emphasize the need of discip
line in the life of young Ipeople
and training in responsibility.
With the son of the first men
tioned preacher, I agree that
for general practice the discip
line fit self-support at eight-
years of age is too harsh. But
I endorse whole heartedly the
policy of my dad with me:
either go %o school or else work
and support i/nurself.
An Oblisration
In my tiiinking a father owes
a son love, companionship, se
curity and every advantage he
can give him. But that love
should never tolerate the irre
sponsible whims of youth; that
companionship should be a mat
ter of understanding and appre
ciation; that security ' should
embrace self-help and self-in
dependence; and the advantage
given should be in keeping with
the’ son's highest good, self-re
liant manhood.
Am Thankful
Many years have passed since
my father’s ultimatum-school or
work. I then thought his taking
out |o£- five dollars ior
board was a bit severe.- Now, I
know he did the right thing. ’To
night, he sleeps beneath the
sod; but I cherish his memory
and thank God that he loved me
too much to withhold a
necessary discipline.
Letter To Tlie Editor
that the State of Virginia along
with the society would contri
bute to the development of this
shrine.
This dream was shattered by
Mr. Ftiillips and several other
mystery figures who were im-
known in Franklin County.
During the auction the Phillips'
interest offered a skjrrocket bid
that was almost unreasonable
considering the land. All who
were present were amazed and
wondered as to what was taking
place but no one could get any
information.
At the close of the sale BIr.
Phillips presented a check
drawn on a bottling company
for the amount of five hundred
dollars as a dawn payment.
When asked what was to be
done, those who inquired were
told they would be surprised,
but by now it seems as though
Mr. Phillips is.
Mr. Walker left the sale
brokenhearted and went back,
home outdone. But it was his
conviction tliat outside interests
had come in to exploit the name
of Booker Washington to ride
to national fame.
While in the capacity of a
reporter I was assigned to the
dedication of the site that was
later to be used as a memdriaL
On that day noted statesmen
from Virginia came to hear a
jace orator who stood on the
Franklin County Court House
grounds in Rocky Mount, Va.,
teUing of the life of Booker
Washington.
It always seemed strange to
me how people would be al
lowed to roam the streets pedd
ling the United States silver for
a profit that bore the image and
name of Booker Washington. I
(Continued on Page Five)
"Tlie Same Determination Would Get
Better Results At Home"
PLANS
Spiritual Insight
"P E A C E"
By Reverend Harold Roland
Potior, Mount Gilead BaptiU Church
“My peace Vgilie unto you...
let not your heart be troubled
John 14:27"
Peace has been the object of
man’s restless strivings through
the ages. Many search for it.
Few find it. Many restless souls
find substitutes. There are only
very poor substitutes for this
matehless peace. What is the
richest, most precious gem in
all the world? Is it uranium,
gold or the most beautiful dia
monds of South America? These
are substitutes used by men.
The peace of an UNTROUBLED
MIND OR SOUL IS THE
GREATEST GIFT WB- MOR-
TAI^ CAN HAVE. It is the
peace Jesus said he would
GIVE! IT IS THE PEACE OF
GOD.
Money cannot buy this gift.
The world cannot ^ve it. Gilt
adgad securities cannot give IL.
It is not found in schools, col
leges' and universities. This
peace, the longing of the souls
of men, is a treasure of great-
price. IT IS THE GIFT OF
GOD!
All paths of life do not lead
to this peace. Many are in hot
pursuit for it in the wrong path-
You may have to change paths.
You want inner ease and a feel
ing of comfort. You want rest in
a restless world; peace in a
world of conflict and warfare.
May 1 ask are yOu 'in the right
path? Are you in the path of
peace? There are many paths!
BUT THERE IS ONE PATH OF
PEACE! Jesus has charted the
one path of Peace. Wha^ is re
quired of me to walk in this
path of peace? Jesus said to a
man once...“Sell all you have...
come and follow me..” The
path of peace, therefore, is the
way of surrender, repentance,
sel|-denial and a life surrender
ed to God for the service of
others.
. Many want the peace. But are
they willing to pay- the price?.^
IS the price too high for you?
Deep, soul peace is a gift of
God...“My peace I give unto
you...”
This peace comes to those in
harmony with God and his will.
The searchers for this peace
must say with the Christ in
Gethsemane...“Not my will...but
thine be done...” What is in life
that destroys peace? It is the
thing that separates God and
man: SIN! When this Is re
moved, there is a REUNION OF
THE SOUL WITH GOD AND
WE HAVE PEACEI God in
Christ must ever say to us as he
said to the woman in Peter’s
home that day..."Thy sins are
forgiven...GO IN PEACE....’’
This peace abides through
the many changes of life. Is it
freedom from trial, pain, suf-
fertog, difficulty and persecu
tion? No! It gives strength to
meet whatever life may bring as
our share as we pass along tlus
way...“My peace I give unto
you..Xet not your heart be
tioubled..'.”
CAPITAL
CC05G-UP
Nobody Knowsj but Somebody
Slipped (with apologies to Miss
Kitt)
Nobody loiows what haM>en-
ed when notifications were sent
around for the annual Chris
tian Action Conference, held
heie early in February. Only
one thing is certain—somebody
slipped. As Evangelist Billy
Graham said at the prayer
breakfast which opened pro
ceedings—human nature and its
failings are theworld’s biggest
problems—such as:
Among those overlooked
when the conference notices
went out were Dean Wilson and
his faculty at the Howard
School of Religion, Howard’s
preacher-president Dr. Morde-
cal Jotmson, the head of the In-
teirdenominational Ministers’
Alliance, the Rev. Colbert
Pearson, also a board member
of the Washington Federation of
Churches, Dean William Stew
art Nelson and other national
ly known divines.
“We have given the world the
wrong type of picture,” said
Evangelist Graham, as the con
ference slipped on its omissions.
His clothing words might well
have been, “Christian Rise and
Act Thy Creed."
Lauiyers Petition for Second
Race Referendum
For the second time within
two montha, members of the
District Bar Association have
filed a petition for a mail re
ferendum on the removal of
race barriers, to membership.
In the first secret balloting, the
move for integration polled
1225 votes for, and 639 against-
18 votes short of the needed
two-thirds majority, with 800
members not voting. ’The peti
tion filed last week by Ray
mond R. Dickey, was signed by
149 other members, although
only 50 signatures were needed.
George M. Johnson, Dean of
the Howard Law School, points
to the inconsistency of the hold
out action, since student bar
associations, sponsored by the
the American Bar Association,
itself, are operating in the Dis
trict of Columbia on an inte
grated basis, under the supervi
sion of the segregated District
Association—^local representa
tive of the integrated American
Bar.
Among the 150 petitioners for
integration were former U. S.
Solicitor (Seneral Philip Perl
man, former Vbderal Bar Presi
dent William Roberts, and the
District Association’s first vice
president, Richard Merrick.
Firestone Greets Liberians
Tire tycoon Harvey S. Fire
stone, Jr., whose 20-year-old
rubber interests in Libei^ have
helped to balance Liberia’s^
budget, wired greetings, last*
week, from Akron, Ohio, to the
“Friends of Liberia in Washing
ton,” as they celebrated the
first anniversary of their or
ganization.
Firestone interest in Liberia
has produced hospitals, schools,
exi>eriment stations and labo
ratories, Harvard-directed sani
tation and health surveys, Yale-
directed forestry surveys, has
built 400 miles of roads to ser
vice its 10 million-tree planta
tions, established, a hydro-elec-,
trie plant, public-service radio
syston, trading companies and
model villages, with “free and
unrestricted employment” ud
“labor free to bargain for Its
(own) terms and conditions.”
For John Q. Citizen in the
United States, Firestone in Li
beria, ending the British rubber
monopoly, has put cheaper tires
in the hands of low-income car
owners.
Ambassador Simpson Speaks
Liberian Amlwssador Cla
rence Simpson was guest, of
honor and principal speaker as
the Friends sat down to dine at
the Raleigh Hotel’s Pall Mall
Room. With him were Attorney
General of Liberia; C. A. Cas
well, Secretary of the Treasury
William E, Dennis, Economic
Adviser Charles,' Sharman,
Counselor and Mrs.'Wilmot Da
vid, and Cultural Attache Da
vid Thomas.
Among the many distinguish
ed guests: Judge Armond Scott
of the District bench. President
and Mrs. Mordecai Johnson of
Howard, President Martin Jen
kins of Morgan College, repre
sentatives of Baptist, Catholic
and Episcopalian churches.
Also, the Hon. Perry Howard
and Mrs. Howard, Madame Lil
lian Evanti, Col. West A.
Hamilton, with his mother,
Mrs. Julia West Hamilton, Mrs.
Irene McCoy Gaines, head of
the National Association of
Colored Women, Alexander J.
Davit, from the West African
desk at the State Department,
and Dr. Ruth Sloane, a former
African Affair officer at the
State Department.
Dr. A. Garland Smyer heads
the Washington organization of
Friends of Liberia, which has a
very active group in New York,
and will soon have another in
Springfield, Massachusetts.
Nobel Prize Winner John R.
Mott
John R, Mott, Nob^ Prize
winner, who made his home
here, died recently at the age
of 89. Known around the globe
as founder and leader of the
Student Christian Federation,
with a membership ot 800,000
in 30 countries, and' as world
(Pleaae turn to Page Sewn)