U. s. COURT
ENDS CITY-BUS SEGKGlTmt
Coonael for the NAACF who
appeared before a three-Jadfe
district court In Columbia,
South farollna laat week vlr-
oronsly presaed tor a program
of latecration that would be'
rill thia fall In the public
schools of Clarendon County.
Thurrood Marshall, Chief
Counsel for the Association,
asserted that operation of seg-
rerated schools this fall would
be a violation of law.
Readinf left to rifM the
NAACP Attorneys are: Oliver
Hill, Thurrood Marshall, Bar-
old R. Boulware and Spotts-
wood Robinson DL
{Clarendon County Schools
Given Time To Integrate
COUJMBIA. S. C
Following closely the words of
the United States Supreme Court
decree of May 31, a special three-
Judge district court gave Clar
endon County school officials
this week time to "make neces
sary arrangements” to integrate
their schools.
The court, howevre, declined,
.tiO-set a time limit for accom
plishing integration, but did en
join the trustees from refusing
admission to any pupil Isecause
of race. ^
Thurgood Maxell, Chief
Counsel for the NAACP, offered
vigorous but vain objections to
the time-left-open provision.
Marshall asserted that to operate
segregated schools this fall would
l>e a violation of law.
However, if the Negro plaint
iffs do not think the speed of in
tegration is deliberate enough,
they may apply to the court to
have the school officials cited for
contempt, according to a court
order which left the case on the
docket for the possible entry of
further orders as the court
might find necessary.
In case such action is taken
by the plaintiff, the court will
again review it to see if the de
lay was reasonable.
Signing the order were Judge
John J. Parker, chief of the
Foiuth'Circuit Court of Appeals;
Circuit Judge Armistead M.
Dobie, and District Judge
George Bell Timmerman.
The text of the court’s decree
ordering integration in the
schools of the Summerton Dis
trict of Clarendon County is as
follows:
J. A. BOYER
Boyer Named
President Of St.
Augustine's
RALEIGH
Dr. James A. Boyer, who
was born on the campus of
Saint Augustine’s College, ’and
whose family has been con
nected with the institution ‘for
many years, was elected presi
dent of the school on July 15
by the College Iward of trus
tees.
He succeeds Dr. Harold L.
(Please turn to Page Eight)
Soutli Carolina Court Decree
THE CLARENDON COUNTY SCHOOL CASE
Hila cause coming on to be heard on the motion of plaint
iffs for a Judgment and decree In aeoordanoe with the man
date of the Supreme Court, and the Court having carefully
considered the decision of the Supreme Court, the arguments
of counsel, and the record heretofore made In this cause:
It Is ordered that the decree heretoforce entered by this
Court be set aalde and. In accordance with the decision and
mandate of the Supreme Court, it Is ordered, adjudged and
decreed that the provisions of the Constltutlen and laws of
the State of South Carolina requiring segregation of the raees
In the public schools are null and vrtd because violative ot
the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United
States, and that defendants be and they are hereby restrain
ed and enjoined from refusing on account-of race to admit
to any school under their supervision any child qualified to
enter such school, from and after such time as they may have
made the necessary arrangements for admlasim of children
to such school on a non-dlsorimlnatory basis with all de
liberate speed as required by the decision of the Supreme
Court in this cause.
It Is further ordered that this cause be retalued m the
docket for the entry of further ordeia herein If Meeaalty for
same should arise.
This ISth day ef July, 1956.
S/ JOHN J. FABKKB
Chief Judge, Fourth CIroult
1/ ARMISTEAD M. DOBIE .
u. S. District Judge, Eastern and Weetoni
Districts of South Carolina.
8/ OEORGE BELL TIMMBRMAN
V. 8. Clrenh Judg^ Fourth Circuit
YWCA To Hold
Open House
Here July 23
The Harriet 'Tubman Branch
of the YWCA will observe
special “Open House” celebra
tion here Sunday, July 24, be
tween' arid 7 p.'-fai.' as part mt
the agency’s participation in Dur
ham United' Fund Week. Radio
and television programs and
other features will be announced
later.
Interested citizens are invited
to the Y*9 new home at S12 Um-
stead Street where staff mem-,
bers will be prepared to conduct
tours of the building and to
provide a thorough briefing on
the Y’s current program.
Miss Rupert Blanchard, ex
ecutive director, says planning
for a full round of activities for
Y foUowers is constantly In pro
cess. At the moment, however,
special concentration is given to
the “Y” camp which is under
the direction of Mrs. Edythe
King, Teenage Program Direc
tor.
In addition to Miss Blanchard
and Mrs. King, the branch staff
includes Miss Alice C. Luton,
residence director; Mrs. Nezzie
Clarke, young adult program
director, and Miss_ Mary Belle
Hudson, office sup»vi6or.
The Tubman branch has been
in continuous operation since
January, 1922. It was founded by
some of the city’s distinguished
early families whose descendants
today are among its most loyal
supporters. Miss Blanchard said.
A story of steady advance to
meet the needs of a rapidly
growing Durham imreels as one
visits the branch’s new modem
$90,000 brick structure. And al
though the branch’s progress is
suggested in its gleaming brick
and steel building, the organi
zation’s real story lies in the
tireless work of cotmtless volun
teers and friends of the “Y” who
have given unselfishly of their
time and means to put the Dur
ham branch in the forefront
with similarly situated groups.
The program at the Tubman
Y is today designed to attract a
large cross-section of the com
munity’s teenagers and yoimg
adults. More, and Miss Blanch
ard wants this point stressed,
“The YWCA is not for women
only. Many of our activities need
MEN.”
And men are finding the i»o-
gram attractive, too, especially
service men. One of the most
successful programs, from the
“romantic” point of view, to men
and women, is the Junior Hos
tess Club. Operating a two-way
traveling program with service,
personnel at Fort Fr^gg, the Y
sponsora the Junior Hostess
group at the'post near Fayette-
(Please turn to Page Eight)
€im0
VOLUME 31 — NUMBER 30 DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA SATURDAY, JULY 23, 1955 PRICX 10 CENTS
NAACP Protest
Draws Hodges Ire
N. C. Governor Backs
Lake’s Defiance Of
U.S. Supreme Court
RALEIGH
A protest sent Governor
Luther Hodges by the North
Carolina branch of the National
Association for the Advancement
of Colored People meeting here
last Saturday drew the Chief
Ebcecutive’s ire this week and
sent him on a “display to i the
galleries” harangue that ought
to assure his election in 1956,
especially in eastern North Caro
lina. The governor has a lot of
money.
In addition to the telegram
sent Governor Hodges, the meet
ing went on record as scoring
double talk of certain Negro
leaders in the state on the mat
ter of integration of the public
schools. Two cases in particular
were brought to the notice of
the Branch and they were
those of Dr. P. A. Bishop, presi
dent of the Lott Carey Baptist
Convention and president of the
North Carolina State Baptist
Convention, a^ Dr. G. D.
Carnes, Grandjilaster of Masons
in North Carolina, both of whom
served recently as advisors to
the Pearsall Committee, appoint
ed by Governor Hodges to study
the matter of integration. It was
reported that both Bishop and
Cames about-faced from the
stand they took at a meeting
called in Durham last Spring on
the same matter.
The meeting was held at the
Bloodworth Street branch of the
YMCA Saturday and brought to
the city officers and members
from various* NAACP units all
over the state.
* Following the reports from
the field regarding progress in
filing petitions to local school
boards asking a start towards
desegregation of all public
school pupils without regard to
race, a resolution was adopted
in the form of a telegram and
dispatched to Governor Hodges
asking that the State’s Chief Ex-
ecutive announce his disap
proval of the recent tactics of
the first Assistant Attorney-
General I. Beverly Lake, in
which he public^ advocated a
system of private i&ools to cir
cumvent the U. S. Supreme
Covrt ruling on segregation in
public schools.
The strongly worded message
was not immediately released to
the press, nor were all proceed
ings which were considered a
“closed meeting.” Howeveri It is
known that a similar telegram
was sent to Assistant Attorney-
General Lake.. The message, and
the one to the Governor, con
veyed the sentiment of the State
(Please turn to Page Eight)
AME Women
Call For Action
On Civil Rights
WASHINGTON, D.C.
The Women’s Missionary
Society of the African Metho
dist Ep*''':opal Church yester
day (i called upon
Congress .j act immediately
on proposed civil rights legis
lation now before a House Ju
diciary Sub-Committee.
The plea came in the form
of a res«jCution as the women
ended their six-day Third,
‘Quadrennial Convention. The
resolution was adopted by a
unanimous vote of the 1,500
delegates in attendance.
In support of the resolution,
the Society sent a delegation
to the House Office Building
to appear before the, sub-com
mittee, and urged others to
wire their congressmen asking
their support in the enactment
of the proposed legislation.
Other action taken by the
women in their final business
session included the re-elec-
tion of Mrs. Anne E. Heath,
1933 Pemberton Street, Phila
delphia, Pa., as Women’s Mis
sionary Society president for
the next four years. Mrs.
Heath, who is the wife of Rev.
Julius J. Heath, minister of
an A.M.E. Church in St. Pe
ter sbivg, Fla., has been
W.M.S. president since 1945.
Other officers were re-elec
ted to four-year terms by the
delegates who represented
AME Churches throughout the
United States and in some 20
foreign countries.
According to Bishop D.
Ward Nichols, of New York
City, who served as conven
tion host, some 3,000 AME
Church members visited
Washington during the meet
ings. Mrs. Nichols, who is su
pervisor of the First and part
of the Second Districts, was
convention hostess.
DR. JOHN HOPE FRANK-
[LIN, noted Howard University
historian who formerly taught
at St. Augustine’s College, Ra-
lelghf and North Carolina Col
lege at Durham, is shown here
during an informal meeting
with two principals in NCC’s
current summer series. Miss
Janie Jones, center, and Dr.
J. H. Taylor, left. Author of
three books and numerous
articles and reviews on his
torical subjects. Dr. Franklin
will speak in Rome, Italy, dur
ing Sept. 4-11 before the 10th
International Congress of His
torical Sciences. Miss Jones is
“Miss NCC of 1956” and Dr.
Taylor is director of the NCC
Summer School.
Noted tiistorian To Address Hillside
High School Summer Graduates
THREE MONKEY" NEGROES
See EDITORIAL, Page Two
Dr. John Hope Franklin, vis
ing professor of history at
North Carolina College Summer
Wisconsin. Also, he has lec
tured at the Salzburg Seminar
In Austria, and the Seminar of
American Studies in Cam
bridge, England.
Franklin, one of the foremost
young historians in the United
States, is a graduate of Fisk Uni
versity and holds his M. A. and
Ph.D. degrees from Harvard
University. Having taught at
Fisk, St. Augustine’s CoUege and
North Carolina College, he now
holds professorship in history at
Howard University.
In addition to teaching, Frank
lin writes and lectures. He pub
lished books include The Free
Negro in North Carolina, pub
lished by the University of North
Carolina Press; From Slavery
To Freedom, published by Knopf
and The Diary of James T. Ayers.
The historian has served as
visiting professor at Harvard,
Cornell and the University of
University of Wisconsin. Also,
he has lectured at the Salzburg
Seminar in Austria, and the
Seminar of American Studies in
Cambridge, England.
Franklin will return to Eiu-ope
next month on a lectvure tour.
While there he will address the
Tenth International Congress of
Historical Sciences which con
venes in Rome September 4-11.
(Please turn to Page Eight)
Scholarship
Award Goes To
Oxford Girl
oxFo:^
Grace Alethea Davis, dau{^-
ter of Dr. and Mrs. Hermon S.
Davis, received notice from
Robert C. Weaver, Chairman
of the Board of Trustees of the
National Scholarship Service
and Fund for Negro Students,
of a $400 award as supplemen
tary assistance for freshman
study at Bradley University,
Peoria,' Illinois. Miss Davis has
received a full tuition scholar-
of $490 from Bradley
University.
Miss Davis, a 1955 graduate
of Mary Potter School, was
valedictorian of her class..
Luther Clyde Carter, Jr.,
assistant professor of sociolo
gy at Mary Washington Col-
lege of the University of Vir
ginia, was awarded a doctor of
philosophy degree at Yale's
254th Commencement.
His doctoral dissertation,
“Negro Churches in a South
ern Community” was based on
a study (p/ the churches
Durham which was befftin in
the summer of 1950 which loill
be published in the near future
Dr. Carter is a graduate of
Carson-Newman College
Jefferson City, Tenn., has
B.D. from Union Theological
Seminary in Richmond ond is
ordained in the Presbyterian
Church.
SABAH MAE FLEMING
Appeals Court
Rules In S. C.
Woman's Case
RICHMOND, Va.
Southern statutes providing
for the separation of races on
city buses, trolley cars am)
other means of transportation
suffered a severe setljack to
day.
In an unprecendented and
unanimous decision the U. S.
Court ot Appeals for the Four
th Cirtuit ruled that the age-
old “separate but equal” doc
trine has been laid to rest by
recent Supreme Court de
cisions and “can no longer t>e
regarded as a correct state
ment of the law" in the field
of interstate convnerce. It de
clared that the recent Su
preme Court decision should
apply to segregation on city
buses within the state.
It was handed down in a
suit brought by NAACP Legal
Defense and Educational Fund
on behalf of a Negro woman,
Mrs. Sarah Mae Flemming, of
Columbia, S. C. and against
the South Carolina Gas and
Electric Co.
Mrs. Flemming brought suit
against the Company to re
cover damages resulting from
being ejected from the bus fad
a blow she received in the
abdomen struck by the driver.
Mrs. Flemming took a ss«t in
tiie white section of the bus
and was ordered by the driver
into the rear of the bus in
loud, abusive and threateninc
language and tone. She be
came frightened and feared
further humiliation and bodily
harm and at the next comer
she attempted to follow a
white passenger out of the
front door. The driver order
ed her to leave by the rear
door and struck her in the
stomach to further force her
to obey his order.
Case Originally Dismissed
The case was originally dis
missed by U. S. District Judge
George Bell Timmerman on
the ground that the separate
but equal doctrine of Plessy
V. Ferguson was still in con
trol as to interstate commerce
and that the decision of the
U. S. Supreme Court in the
school segregation cases did
not apply in the area of trans
portation.
Attorney for the bus com
pany argued that federal ju
risdiction was not applicable
-because the South Carolina
statute made the bus driver an
officer of the state. When ha
was enforcing the segregation
reguliDtion on the bus he was
not acting for the company
but as an officer of the state.
South CaroUna statutes pro
vide for the segregation of
the races on motor vehicles- in
(Please turn ta Page Eight)
Text Of Resokitions Sent To Goveraor
Hodges By N.C. Confereace
' NAACF Branches
^ RSIOLUnON
North Carolina)
Wake County)
WHEREAS, AsaistaBt Attareey General I Bavarly Laka,
according to press accounts af a speeek dellTatad fcelasa tka Aaka-
boro Lions Clab on July IJ, kaa atturad raaaarks sapaMa al
flaming race hatred and possibly inettiag ta vlalaaaa aai »>asfc-
ing the economic structure of tte State, la advacathig tkat a«a-
munities within the state prepar* ta aperata private sskaala ta
avoid taitegratloa; and
WHEREAS, as a well-trained lawyer wl» kaa swam to
hold the Constltutioa at tke United Statea, Dr. L Bavariy Late iM
been an observer far Nwtk Caralksa la UtlgatlaB lawaMac
of tha V. S. Sapraasa Caart dsslslsa at May W.
(Piaaaa tan ta Paga Bl|^