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2 - THE CAROLINA TIKES SAT, MARCH S, 1977 i
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By Laurt Parks
WORLD WAR II SLACK HISTORY - The first copy of a new history of black
race relations in the World War II Army Air Forces is presented to Air Force Chief
of Staff General David C. Jones (left), by Chief of the Office of Air Force History
Major General John W.Huston; Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force Thomas N.
Barnes (center) was also present at the Pentagon ceremony. The 223 page volume
titled "Blacks in the Army Air Force During World War II: The Problems of Race
Relations," will be sold at Government Printing Offices bookstores for $2.40.
Author of the book is Maj. Alan M. Osur. (USAF photo).
Uou Book On Rolo Off Dlacli Airnon
In World War II
A new history on race re
lations in the Army Air Force
(AAF) during World War II is
being released by the Office of
Air Force History.
Written by Air Force
Major Alan M. Osur, the 227
page work is titled "Blacks in
the Army Air Force, During
World War II: The Problem of
Race Relations." The book is
available through bookstores of
the Government Printing
Office at $2.40 per copy.
Major Osur, an associate
professor of history at the Air
Force Academy, and former
instructor at the Defense Race
Relations Institute, developed
the book from research con
ducted for award of a Ph.D
f om the University of Denver
in 1974.
Major Osur reviewed
primary sources in the U. S.
Air Force archives at the Al
bert F. Simpson Historical Re
search Center, Maxwell Air
Force Base, Al; the National
Archives, Washington, D. C;
various Presidential libraries;
and interviewed participants
h the war.
Major Osur identifies four
themes that became apparent
from the wartime experience.
First, segregation was official
policy; secondly, "separate but
equal" facilities and oppor
tunities were not provided:
thirdly, leadership determined
the degree of racial harmony;
and finally, even after the
war, Air Force Leaders re
mained ambiguous about th
the future employment of
blacks in the postwar Air
Force.
K Mr Mugabe and Mr.
1 Nkomo, co-chairmen of .the
Patriotic Front, representing
Rhodesia's six million black
' dtizens, have accused the Ian
Smith government or organiz
ing 'and:;:--; perpetrating f.the
Mjisaml massacre of Catholic
priest and nuns, in a desperate
effort . to maintain white
minority rule in Rhodesia.
' The leadership .V of -i the
Patriotic Front believes .that
i the white, minority govern
ment has reached the end of
lie road as a viable govern
ing force in Rhodesia. They
dte, for example, the rapidly
escalating guerrilla war, which
once 1972 claimed; the lives
'of at least 4,000 people, in
cluding 100 whites and 300
Sovemment troops. These
gures are probably underesti
mated according to the spokes
nan of the Patriotic Front.
The cost of battling the
guerrillas have taken an eco
nomic as well as political toll
of Rhodesia's whites. Rhode
sia's Defense Minister Cowper
announced plans to increase
he number of whites in the
armed forces by calling for the
cancellation of all deferments
of men between the ages of
25-38. Further, army reser
vists would be required to serve
in the battle zones for at least
firee months between now
and June.
The white business
mmunity called the measures
insupportable and designed to
create havoc with the nation's
economic life. Their protests
were strong enough to force
the resignation of the bewilder
ed Defense Chief.
The Smith government,
according to the Patriotic
Front analysis, believe that the
U S. Secretary of State, Mr.
Cyrus Vance will succeed in
enforcing a world-wide ban on
purchases of Rhodesian
chrome. The Organization of
J
H You Are Then Take Time To Read What We Have to Oiler You
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African " Unity economic ex,7 famework"" of apprehension
pjrts ay. that U. S. stockpiles and fear in which the white
of the strategically vital metal rrinority government continues
ve more than enough to off- t fight for survival.
tH the loss of Rhodesian ship
Vrents. The government of Ian . The Patriotic Front believe
Snith knows this hard eco-f" tut the Musaird killings were
IDmicfact.
' Another major reason why
me Smith government has be
come suddenly desperate and
prone to commit wanton mas
nscxes is because it fears that
behind the recently concluded
African tour of Ambassador
Young, the diplomatic ground
work has been prepared for the
final push towards majority
rule. This move has the full
support of the Carter admin
istration, the British and West
German governments.
The Patriotic Front
believes this to be the essential
ordered for two reasons: the
Irst to create an intensified
mosphere of fear . among i
vhite settlers and force them
to accept increased levels of
military service and economic
acrifice, a course of action
ogerly advocated by the ex
, treme right wing of the Smith
backed political party and
rcondly to make a last bid
for world public opinion of
Brttain, Ireland, West Ger
many and the United States,
the ; nations that have en-,
aouraged and supported over
me years and centuries the
work of the missionaries in
Africa ' and :elsewhere.' The
purpose, of course, to show
the world how bestial ; the
black guerrilla fighter is.
- Reports indicate; that in
deed the killings did stun white
Riodesia as has no other in
ddent in recent years and will
contribute 'heavily ; : to the
continuing flight of the white
to South Africa and Europe.
. KlCity"" - '
A day after the killings
lie ' Rhodesian ' Information
Mnistry organized a bus trip
tor 20 reporters to the killing
ate.' When news about the
events at the mission, became
known to the world that the
Write government minister,
Ellas Broomberg, issued a
statement - criticizing the
Vtbstern nations for not
-supporting Rhodesia's struggle
against the black . guerrillas.
tn Rhodesia, the black
population believes that the
killings were the v work of
government . provocateurs.
ELshop Lamont placed the re
sponsibility for the killings on
tie government . as did the
Reverend Chikore. " Bishop
Chakaipa refused to go along
with 4. the ' government story
when he said-MIt was an eyfl
act. Whoever did this makes a
mockery of the ideals they
claim to serve." The British
government refused the Rho
(fesian government's invitation
to the investigation.
By mid week Africa to
gether with the rest of the
world was accepting the Patrio
tic Front's view and analysis
of the Musami massacre.
km 1Mb h
RALEIGH (CCNS) - Joan
Little has again been charged
with violations of prison rules
which she says are aimed at
preventing her from being
assigned for work release. Pri
son officials would not dis
cuss the violation but deny
the charge. Ms. Little has
filed a. grievance protesting
the latest charge.
Ms. Little is serving a
seven to ten year sentence for
a breaking and entering con
viction. She says that her 1975
acquital of a charge of mur
der of jailer Clarence Alli
good who sexually assaulted
her is resented by some prison
officials who now charge her
with infraction of prison
rules.
Joan says that her most
recent charges for "disobeying
a direct order" and "perform
ing job assignments ineffici
ently" came on Tuesday, Feb
ruary 22. She said that the
direct order complained of was
a memor sent out a month
prior to her charge by Ms.
Callette, a guard in charge of
inmates on ground duty where
Joan is assigned. The memo
asked all ground attendants to
report to the supervisor and let
her know of their whereabouts
at all times. i A
According to Joan and
another inmate Mary Lock
tear, also charged with the
same" offense, the two left the
yard after checking in at
7:30 ajn., February 22. For
nearly an hour and a half,,
the two discussed work re
lease opportunities with
counselor Deborah Harris. Ms.
Little said following her con
ference she and Ms. Locklear
went back to the grounds
where she was informed that
Sgt. Benson was looking for
her, Upon finding Sgt. Benson,
the two Women were imme
diately put in Jhe punishment
dormitory "C" awaiting in
vestigation. Ms. Little doesn't deny
that Ms. Callette did not know
where she was during the hour
and a half she met with her
counselor. She says however,
that - the infraction didn't
amount to disobeying a direct
order, which is a major in
fraction that could prevent
her from being assigned to
work release if she is convicted.
Joan said that both Cap
tain Max Barbour and Sgt.
Benson state that not report
ing as required by the memo
sent, out a month before was
disobeying a direct order. Bar
bour charged Joan in Decem
ber with possession of con
traband items: scissors and a
cassette tape, of which she was
later acquitted. That charge
came- one week before she was
to be paroled. Her parole was
denied, but for another rea
son, according to the parole
commission. ; '' .
In an appeal of the charge
through the grievance pro
cedure, Joan contests the time
lapse in the memo as too long
and the manner which the
order was given as inappro
priate for a 'direct order.' She
said in the grievance that a
direct order was defined as
"to refuse or fail to obey
an order or command given
first hand or addressed directly
to a specific person."
The grievance, will be
heard by a sergeant who will
either find Joan Little guilty
or innocent. If Ms. Little ob
jects to the ruling she can
appeal to Superintendent Louis
Powell and then to the Area
Commander and then to the N.
C. Inmates Grievance Commission.
Dlach Caucus Promotes Ownership
On December 13, 1976,
tie Congressional Black Caucus
by its Chairman, Congress
man Parren J. Mitchell, filed
with the Federal Communica
tions Commission a document
entitled "Petition for Issuance
of a Notice of Inquiry to
Formulate a New Policy to
Promote Minority Ownership
in Certain Renewal or Revo
ation Cases". ..
The purpose of this rule
making is to urge the. FCC to
casters to assign their license,
ft a substantially lower sales
price, to a group constituted
of at least SO per cent racial
minorities (e. g., Blacks,
Hspanics, Asian-Americans,
Nktive Americans).
Such a policy, if adopted
by the FCC, would serve to
avoid costly and time-consum
ing evidentiary and compara
tive hearings. More importantly
rouia serve ine
piblic interest in the larger
3plicants propose to present
lie views of such minority
groups in their programming,
dthough relevant, does not off
set the fact that it is upon
ownership that public policy
places primary reliance with
espect to diversification of
content, and that historically
has proven to be significantly
hfluential with respect to edi
torial comment and the pre
sentation of news.
te. a;;WHpofc
actively promote" ifuridrfty "md ' teievnadn trar 'aratory; - -Hir WUILttLJUP
UWUCI&111U Ul lauiU BI1U ICIC- - - o .
Msion stations in revocation
hearings, or where an incum
bent applicant for renewal of
a broadcast license has arisen
tor a hearing on disqualifying
fcsues. Under the Congressional
Black Caucus' petition, the
FCC could permjt such broad-
ST. UARY'S
COUNTRY
DAY SCHOOL
Affiliated with Southern
Association of Schools and Colleges
State Approved
Racially nondiscriminatory
Non Church Affiliated
Bus Transportation Available
Durham 688-3469 or Hillsborough 732-7200
Register Now for 1 977-78 School Term
For Information Write or Call
St, Kary's Coontry Day School
Box 221 -A Hillsborough, N. C. 27278
or Call 732-7200
fie Communications Act of
B34, as amended.
Not only would adoption
of the Caucus' proposal speedi
er eliminate from the broad
cast field a possible wrong
doer who lacks the requisite
diameter to be a public trustee
: t would also serve to provide
Hacks and other racially and
Inancially , disadvantaged
minorities with the otherwise
are opportunity for broad
cast ownership. Historically,
toese groups have been woe
tolly under represented in the
feld of radio and television
ownership.
As of November 30, 1976
here was a total of 9,192
broadcast stations on the air.
Of this number, only 56 sta
tions (to than six-tenths of
one per cent) were black
owned.
This rulemaking to pro
mote minority ownership de
serves strong support. Minority
ownership of broadcast facili
ley is likely to increase diver
sity of programming content,
especially in opinion and view
point: And, according to the
federal court in a case entitled
Tv9, Inc., v. Federal Commun
ications Commission: '. ' '
. . . . The fact that other
Fifty teachers from
Durham City Schools will
attend ar Art Workshop on
March 29, 30, and 31 at the
North Durham School, it was
announced recently by Dr.
Ben Brooks, Superintendent
of Schools.
A free educational service
provided by Binney & Smith,
Inc., makers of Crayola Cray
ons and other school art
supplies, the Workshop will be
conducted by Mrs. M-f J
Root, who has taught exten
sively and holds a Master's
degree from Wayne State
University.
The teachers will spend fif
teen hours of their own time
learning about modern creative
art education and some of its
materials and tools. They Will
learn by doing, rolling up then
sleeves and trying out the
techniques presented by Mrs.
Root.
These techniques will in
clude some of the uses of
crayons, water colors, poster
paints, finger paints, colored
chalks, and modeling clay.
Simple craft techniques will
also be shown, giving teachers
an opportunity to work with
paper, paste and other
materials to gain three dimen
sional effects.
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