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Newspaper Department ,
Durham, N.-C. 27706 ;U-3Q
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Tio Dcc.'r Prccc ;
Our FrcccJcrn Dccncfc
Words of VJlzCzv
A flftot dtol of totenf It lost hi lh world for
wont of a Rttto courage. ' dhjr lnift
PRIQ:23CfcU,
VOLUME 55 - NUMBER 20
"READ BY OVER 30,000 DURHAMITES"
DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA - SATURDAY, MAY 21, 1977
TELEPHONE (919) 683-6587
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UHO AilO TO'nEAL;
OPPbSITIOn FOaCES?
Durham City government's reluctance to come up
with an effective and meaningful ; affirmative action ?
plan can mean but one thing some powerful political
forces are determined that Durham make fto preten
sions of trying to right wrongs long in existence here.
It appears that a deaf ear has been turned toward
the petitioning of numerous citizens groups including
the Durham Committee on the Affairs of Black People,
Carolina Action, the Durham Ministerial Alliance, the
Durham Chapter of the NAACP, the National Council
of Senior Citizens and the AFL-CIO as well as that of
some members of the City Council.
Opponents o f affirmative action contend that
affirmative action leads to . "reverse discrimination"
against the majority . This position is just a lot of "hog
wash". Let's be realistic! ' , t
All matters dealing with hiring OUGHT to be of a
"color-blind" nature, but simply outlawing discrimina
tion is NOT enough. Why? Blacks - historically being
the recipients of racism - start off with a disadvantage.
The only way in which victims of racism can be pro
tected, until they catch up to the years of lead-time
the majority has had, is through the use of affirmative
action.
The time has not come when blacks seeking em
ployment in Durham can be rightly accused of causing
"reverse discrimination" because the time1 has not
come in Durham that racism nO longer exists
Opponents of affirmative action know hat dis
crimination exists in the hiring practices of e public
sector of city government. They know that discrimina
tion is wrong, immoral, unethical, dishonest and ille
gal. Hide-bound racists will not change their stripes and
miracously begin obeying a law because a law in on the
books.
In our editorial of June 26, 1 976 entitled "Durham
Joking On Minority Hiring", we exposed a trick used s
by the city in counting white female employees $6
make a 49.3 minority representation look good. We j
said then - and now eleven monthsJaterr '
. j; Durham needsto hireorrie knowledgeablie blacU
in upper arnlnistrative de
stop playing games such as i evidenced in the report
and get on with the business of living up to at least the
real intent of some of those bittersweet merit position
statements written in the new Personnel Handbook
which the report cites as 'further affirmation of the
City's intention to apply equal employment considera
tions for all people "
Maybe it is time that the true opponents to affir
mative action in Durham be known.
food Stamp Mofmonrs, tligitiility
Levels Increase for f.losf Households
WASHINGTON - Food
stamp allotments and in
come eligibility levels,
reflecting an August to
February rise in food costs
for low - income families will
increase for most households
on July 1, the U. S. Depart
ment of Agriculture (USDA)
announced recently. .
In the continental states
and District of Columbia,
monthly food stamp allot
ments for all household sizes,
except one-person households
will increase by at least two
dollars. The monthly stamp
Onnillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
OTAF
By William Minter
. Staff Writer, Africa News Service
The strike is over. The first since 1939, it broke a
pattern of almost forty years of relattvely amicable
labor relations, and ended in a victory for Ligget &
Myers' hard line. The company refused to accept union
proposals for an uncapped cost-of-living adjustment, al
ready common in the industry, and waged an all-out
campaign to break the strike. .
: Long-term employees, many loyal to the company,
wondered resentfully at the company s stance. They
knew that Liggett' cigarette sales were m trouble, and
that the Liggett Group was extending its diversification
program to yet more non-tobacco products Would
management really carry out its implied threat to close
down the Durham plant, the location of the bulk of
Liggett's tobacco operations? Why was it out of step
with the rest of the industry? ' , , .
Not many would have caught the wisp of a c ue m
a Durham Mbrning Herald (April 10). profile of Liggett
President Raymond Mulligan; referring to his mid
March lightning business trip . to South Africa ; to
check on developments in fthe broadly diversified
Liggett familyV. Nor did the Herald, mention that JWs
year's contract negotiations were the first since the
Liggett Group came under the financial control of
South African multimillionaire Anton Rupert and his
Rembrandt Group of companies. Rupert told Business
3
allotment for a family of four
will rise from $166 to
$170.Food stamp allotments
are based on USDA's Thrifty
Food Plan, which computes
the cost of a nutritionally
adequate diet for low income
households. i
Since income eligibility
levels are tied to the size of
food stamp allotments, these
levels also will increase in
most cases, The net income
limit for a family of four
will increase from $553 to
$567 per month. -
However, income stan-
dards for one ana iwo per-
IIIMIIIIIIIIIUIIIinnfflllimUHimilllM
5 11
, BURGAW r Allen R.
Hall, who recanted his 1972
Wilmington 10 trial testi-
mony at the hearing here last
week, repeatedly telephoned
(collect) New Hanover
County prosecutor, James T.
, (Jay) Stroud and admitted he
had lied in an effort to free
the defendants.
, State's attorneys played
a tape recording of one of the
conversations a man identifi
ed as Hall had with Stroud in
which he (Hall) said "I'll
go back to court. Ill take it
back."
Hall suggested, in ramb
ling, barely audible taped
conversation that his recanta
tion was inspired by support
ers of the Rev. Ben Chavis,
Jr., who is serving a 34
year sentence in prison for his
alleged role in the racial vio
lence which included the
burning of Mike's Grocery in
Wilmington.
I Ty;- i . i t-
I'HW 1 , A v 1 ? ": v-' 11 - Ml fill '
,iSv II spfdr I
L
bankers MEET WITH CARTER - President Jimmy Carter happily greets officials of the National Bankers
Association, the trade group for minority bankers, at a recent White House meeting to dfseuss new initiatives
in support of the Minority Bank Deposit program. Shown with the President are (from left): Aid en J.
McDonald, Jr.i Lynn Salvage; James C. PurnelljPresident Carter; Robert E. James; Charles Swallow, president,
American Indian-National Bank, Washington, D. C. Also attending the meeting wtrt Dr. Carl Carroll;
Samuel L. Foggie; James S. Banks; George Brokemond; Sharnia (Tab) Buford and Anthony L. Maxwell,
Executive Director of NBA.
son households will not
change. These income stan
dards ($245 and $322 per
month, respectively) will re
main at USDA's poverty
guidelines. Food stamp regu
lations require USDA to use
either allotment-based calcu
lations or the poverty guide
lines, whichever are higher, in
setting income eligibility level
department officials explain
ed. The Food Stamp Act of
1964, requires USDA to
adjust ' stamp allotments
twice a year to retieci iooa
pnee changes,
iiimmmimi m
THE
Week in 1974, talking of Mulligan; who had no
tobacco industry experience before 1973, "We comple
ment each other. I know the cigarette business, and he
follows my advice."
Rupert's take-over in late 1974 blocked an attempt
by Western Pacific Industries for an interest in the
troubled Liggett company, by purchasing Western
Pacific's 415,300 shares for $17 million. With other
shares acquired previously, the Rupert holding com
pany, Rothmans of Londori, Inc., then held 8.5 of
the stock, a controlling interest according to Business
Week. At the end of 1976, the industry's Tobacco
Reporter, in its chart of 'interconnecting Interests of
Major Tobacco Manufacturers", still showed Liggett
as subsidiary to Rothmans, with the same 8.5 in
terest. . . , ,
At the time of the take-over, Liggett s percentage
of the domestic cigarette market was continuing its
long-term decline, totally only 4.7 that year, as com
pared to next-ranked LoriUard at 8.2, American
Brands at 15.7 and industry leader R. J. Reynolds
at 31.4. Liggett's strategy since 1965 had clearly
been to concentrate on non-tobacco products. By
1974 its revenues from Allen Products (Alpo-Dog
Food), Paddington Corporation (J & B Scotch) and
other recently acquired non-tobacco operations made
up over half of the total revenues. ;
' " If its decline in tobacco was to be reversed, it was
clear that drastic steps would have to be taken.
Hall Admits Lying To Free
Defense Committee
spokesman Damu Smith
immediately denied the alle
gations that . pressure had
been put on Hall and charged -
that Stroud had attempted to
manipulate Hall in the tele
phone conversations.
During one of the calls,
which Stroud had reportedly
led Hall to believe were not
being taped, Stroud asked,'
"Was your testimony at the j
trial and in the interviews I ;
had with you true?" Hall re-'
lied. "Yes, it was." Stroud
asked, "Was any part of it
false?" Hall answered. "No."
Loud murmurs rose in
the Pender County court
room from spectators when
Stroud commented on oneof
the tapes that the Wilmington ;
10 are "too dangerous to be
released from prison." ,
When Hall called Stroud
from the Onslow County pri
son unit in Jacksonville.
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
SUPPORT building;
FOR AFRICAN
LIBERATION DAY
The African Liberation
Support Committee is plann
ing for the sixth annual Afri
can Liberation Day celebra
tion in Washington, D. C. on
May 27th and 28th. Mobili
zation ; activities are now
underway in order to broaden. .
support for African Libera
tion struggles and encourage
attendance at the annual
ALD events. Busloads of
North Carolinians will be
leaving Greensboro and
Durham on May 28th to
attend the program being
prepared by the national
office of ALSC in
Washington, D. C.
i?""?.?. "1?!?. ,
Continued On Page 3
Stroud told Hall he was not
s taping1 the 45-minute call to
;' his Wrightsville Beach motel
last Thursday. But when Hall
telephone Stroud acain Satur
day. at his home in Gastonia.
s Stroud admitted, inward the
: end'ojf the conversation, that
he had been recording Hall's
remktks. "Oh, no!" could
be ilearly heard on Hall's
end of the line.
1 Contrary to protest from
defense attorney James Fer
guson, against the admission
of the tapes. Judge George
M. Fountain ordered tran
scripts of the recording be
prepared.
Monday was the first
time . thai Stroud had been
on the stand to explain his
side of how the Wilmington
10 prosecution was . put to
gether. He told the court thai
therfwere no deals and no
improper coaching sessions
. with witnesses.
t , I tVV 1 hK. '-i I Mi
SCLC's Pooplo's Festival
Sot For Juno In Atlanta
The Metro Atlanta Chap
ter of the Southern Christian
Leadership Conference
(SCLC) under the leader
ship of Rev. Hosea L. Wil
liams, is holding its first
annual "People's Achieve
ment Festival" June 3 6 in
Atlanta.
The theme of the Festi
val is "Eliminate Poverty
Through Mind Power." The
Festival is designed to be as
large as Black Expo in Chi-
ii i
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AM QYHo '
Liggett's Durham plant was out-of-date, a multi-story
installation inherently inefficient as compared with
new plants on one level with overhead conveyorssuch
as in Philip Morris' new plant in Richmond. Not even
new faster machines or new brands and marketing
techniques could compensate for this competitive
disadvantage.
The Rothmans' connection could have brought in
the capital and the expertise for Liggett to launch a
counter-attack on its competitors in the domestic
cigarette market. On a world scale, Rupert's tobacco
empire was already the fifth largest tobacco manu
facturer. Rupert is the most successful of South
Africa's Afrikaans-speaking businessmen, and joins
diamond and gold magnate Harry Oppenheimer in
having' extended his financial empire far beyond the
borders of that white-minority-ruled nation. In 1954
Rupert gained control of Rothmans of Pall Mall, an
established British firm, and in a complicated merger
in 1972 brought together Rothmans with his other
European interests in the multinational Rothmans
International.
But evidently Anton Rupert's plans did not in
clude major new capital investment in Liggett's
tobacco operations. Indeed, the Rupert financial em
pire itself was on the verge of more, extensive diversi
fication. Rupert already controls Canadian Breweries,
with its Curling's Black Label beer, and Liggett's
liquor operations may have interested him as much as
In one of the call. Stroud
asked Hall. "You told me
false story after another,
didn't you?" "Right", said
Hafl.
In the last telephone call
Stroud asked Hall, "Is there
anything personally 1 can do
for your "Yes." Hall said in
a trembling voice. He asked
Stroud to visit his sick
mother..
The notes (in Stroud's
handwriting) which Hal) and
Jerome Mitchell said last
week were provided them by
Stroud, detailing what they
were to say. were actually a
copy of notes the prosecutor
had made summarizing testi
mony at the end of the five
week trial in 1972. Stroud
testified. "Mitchell never saw
this" before he testified,
Stroud said.
In one of the telephone
conversations; Stroud asked
Hall. "You and I never had a
HrXV
v r,
more year-round positive
effect on the problems that
are destroying our cities.
The four-day Festival,
which is being held at a num
ber of Atlanta locations,
will feature activities for the
entire family.
The main event of the
Festival is the Poor Man
Rich Man Banquet on June
3. Rev. Ike is the honored
guest and will deliver the
main address from the
topic "Be What You Want
To
deal, isn't that right?" Hall
answered "Right". The three
recanting witnesses Hall.
Mitchell and Eric Junious had
testified last week that
Stroud had offered attractive
inducements to each of them.
Stroud testified that there
was never "a promise or im
plication of a promise" that
the prosecution witnesses
would get gifts or lighter pri
son "sentences in return for
their cooperation in the case.
Stroud said the Christ
mas present of a minibike to
Junious was "an instinctive,
spontaneous" gift weeks after
the trial had concluded.
Stroud explained his view
point in varied other points
which had been raised last
week by the witnesses:
Holms Opposos Trado
iJifh Cnhn lln;il All
Americans Aro Frood
WASHINGTON - Sena
tor Jesse Helms of North
Carolina released a letter
from the Department of State
confirming that Cuban dicta
tor Fidel Castro is still hold'
ing twenty-seven U. S. citi
zens in prison, eight of whom
are - officially designated as
political prisoners.
Helms also pointed out
that the State Department
letter cites the figure of
10,000 to 15JD00 Cubans
j under detention as political
w prisoners. Two thousand of
w mese m m; maximum-ie-
, fn" state, Department
spokesman, Assistant Secre
tary of State Douglas J.
Bennet, Jr., also said in the
. letter that, "Cuba has con
sistently refused to permit
inspection of its jails by the
OAS Human Rights Commis
sion or other international
bodies." v-.c r-
The political prisoners
who are U. S. citizens were
identified as: Frank Emmick
of Ohio; Everett D. Jackson
of Illinois; Lawrence Lunt of
REV. HOSEA WILLIAMS
, : it r
JL-J I
its tobacco. In 1973, an international meeting of Food
and Allied Workers' Associations singled out the
RupertRembrandt group's diversification as a parti
cular threat to tobacco workers. a
In 1976, Dr. Anton Rupert reported to stockhold
ers that the Rembrandt Group was not only the fourth
largest cigarette manufacturer in the world, but also
among the ten largest brewery groups and one of the
ten largest distillers. Large sums were being spent on
development projects, he said, especially in the Uquor
industry. And in conjunction with American business
man Karl Ludwig (NationaT Bulk Carriers), Rembrandt
had also acquired a 25 interest in Federale Mynbou,
one of South Africa's largest mining companies.
What are Rupert's plans for the Durham plant, a
small part of his world-wide empire? He keeps a low
profile, and few Durham residents are even aware that
the decisions vital to the future of their community
may be taken in far-away Cape Town. Yet Business
Week noted after the take-over that afl major deci
sions at L & M are now cleared with Rupert?, The
company's victory against the union in holding cost-of-living
adjustments down will not provide the, capi
tal for major expansion, nor is it likeiy that enersttia
marketing alone will turn around Liggett's decline. If
a full-scale effort to keep Liggett in tobacco, is net
forthcoming from the Rupert Group, the consequ
ences in several years for Liggett's workers In Durham
and for the whole community may be serious indeed.
WW
He said that there was no
alcohol it the beach cottage
where Hal) and Mitchell were
held during the original triaL
He said the detective Hall had
said supplied him with marV
juana, was not working the
security detail at that time;
Hall's girlfriend. Ms.
Deborah Simpson, was trans
ported from AsheviHe be
cause Hall had become totally
distracted thinking about her
before he was scheduled to
testify;
The favored prisoner
status granted Hall a couple
of week following his testi
mony was to make him (Hall)
eligible for protective custody
at the Western Correction
Center for youthful offen
. ders.
Massachusetts; Claudio Rodri
quex Morales of Puerto Rico;
John Tur of Florida; Rafael
Del Pino of Cuba; Antonio
Garcia Dews of Cuba; and
Carmen Ruiz of Cuba. '
Assailing a proposal
approved in the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee
Tuesday to initiate sales to
Cuba, Helms said, "this is the
worst possible time to make
such overtures.
Noting that the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee
proposal included the sale of
wmedfcines to Cuba Helms,
jaid: BchiiopdV end medl
cffietre strategic items of
conflict. The fact that
Castro has 3,000 wounded
troops in Angola right now in
need of medicine speaks for
itself." v
Pointing out that theere
Pointing but that there
are more Soviet reconnais
sance bombers based in Cuba
right now than at the time of
the 1962 Cuban missile crisis.
Helms said that Soviet forces
should be withdrawn before
the U. S. resumes normal
relations with Cuba. He noted
that only three weeks ago
Soviet bombers based in Cuba
hanassed the U. S. carrier
Saratoga only 60 miles from
the North Carolina coastline,
in violation of U. S. - Soviet
agreements. F-4 Phantom jets
from Seymour Johnson Air
Force Base chased the
Soviet Bombers away.
In addition, Helms called
for the release of U. S. and
Cuban political prisoners, free
access by the international
news media to Cuba, with
drawal pf Cuban troops in
Africa, and the right - of
free . emigration by any
- one now in Cuba without
restrictions or indirect
repression.