Newspapers / The Carolina Times (Durham, … / Sept. 3, 1977, edition 1 / Page 16
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i S TH5 CAROLINA TIMES r.::::rc!::rs Unit AniMcstag To V" rK? ears ISyntolie' Raclsn Opposition to tchool busing Is based more on racial atti tude than on any real concern -for the quality of education, ; two Duke University resear- chers said Sunday. However, these attitudes are not Founded on familiar racist, anti-black feelings so much as they are based on a fear among whites that the traditional values of a white-dominated so ciety will be undermined. For example, the resear chers cited what many whites fear will be the weakening of the Protestant work ethic. Drs. John B. McConahay and Willis D. Hawley, members of Duke's Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs, termed an tib using opposition a manifestation of "symbolic" racism in a paper prepared for . delivery at a meeting of the American Psychological Asso ciation in San Francisco. McConahay is an associate professor of psychology at Duke. Hawley is an associate professor of political science. The Duke researchers re tried the findings of a year- ng study of busing desegre gation in Louisville, Ky. The study included a Louis Harris survey of 1049 adult residents of the city and surrounding Jefferson County. Among the study's conclu sions were; -Symbolic racism is a much greater factor in busing opposi tion than conventional racism based on negative stereotypes of blacks., -Racial attitudes are "close ly related to antibusing atti tudes.... the more racist, the more opposed to busing." -The inconvenience of buss ing and concern : for quality education were only weakly associated with opposition, contrary to the belief of some researchers. Court-ordered busing came to Louisville violently two years ago, McConahay and Hawley said, and "It was not quality education or neighbor hood schools or inconvenient bus schedules or neighborhood property values that were the issue. "Neither was it niggers or Negroes of days gone by. It was the blacks." , : NcConahay and Hawley said they regard busing as a sym bolic issue for whites, akin to the prohibition debates of the last century or antkommunism in the 1950s in the depth of passion it arouses. "Parties to the debate argue as if they were concerned with harm to children or to the fam ily or the community....but only shout past one another because the debate is really over whose values will domi nate public life", they said. McConahay and Hawley said the Harris survey found ,. .that only 16 per cent of the whites in Louisville and Jef ferson County preferred full , ' . segregation. They described the Louis ville area as part of a state that "is more southern than northern in culture, however, it could by no means be said that segregationist' ' sentiment was rampant there." But when the survey teams began to probe attltudes to- t ' ward busing, whites quickly' ' '. expressed their distaste for that method of school desegre gation, the Duke Researchers said; "They favored desegrega tion, but they did not want busing," McConahay and Haw-' ley noted. Some moderate opponents of busing base their opposition on parental inconvenience and other non-racial factors, Mc Conahay and Hawley said, while many supporters of bus ing charge that all opposition is i motivated by virulent racism. The Duke .researchers', said the real racism is rooted in symbolic values held dear by ' whites, and it is a new force in Americas life that bears little resemblance to the ugly anti- black discrimination Once pre valent in the nation and espec ially the South. They said racism attracts whites who believe they are, . preserving , important values and looking out for the best interests of society, 1 . "Opponents of busing in Louisville draw heavily upon that view" .McConahay. and ' : '.Hawtysaid. ? j i .f ;f ; . 4 - "Unfortunately, the society f '? tney nave in mind is the mythi cal white tocJety they learned .," about" when they were grow- ' ing up, the pair said. "In that ?, society, blacks were mostly in- visible7 and 1 not being racist meant not doing anything per tonally to harm them." 0:'- Perma-Prest Shirts Go Great With?ef Regular 83.49 to $6.49 . I i-i TT 1 0 6D ' f HO? YOUR NEAREST EARS RETAIL 8T02E Mnsbwo.VWMton-Salem. &W, W'1 &&$Mto. Jacksonville. Kins ton " , mil. . ' tW to CLP W X V Aid tot the P. P" " t0 'with girls' sizes 7-14. mm Double upon the fashion impact and warmth by combining these acrylic sweaters. Back-zipped turtleneck comes in many solids. Tie belted cardigan with pockets in solids, stripes and tweedy patterns. Both SMJL Huny. now through Saturday. 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The Carolina Times (Durham, N.C.)
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Sept. 3, 1977, edition 1
16
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