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Caffeine
Prssaney
By IisiherPeteron
MA pradmt and protective
toUwr-to-bt will want to put eaf.
Ma oa Iter list of unnecessary
eubeuncee which the should
avoid."
That is the latest advice from
the Food and Dnif Adminiatra
tioa (FDA), the Federal agency
responsible for awing that drugs
aad food are safe. While not
technically a drug, caffeine is a
stimulant and has a definite drug
effect. As a general rule, pregnant
women should avoid all sub
stances that have drug-like ef
fects because such substances can
cross tne placenta and reach the
fetus.
In the case of caffeine, FDA's
recent animal study shows that
caffeine can cause birth defects in
rare. In the study, caffeine caused
rotating toes or missing parts of
rues, and some of the animals
whose mothers received caffeine
did not grow as fast as those
whose mothers were not exposed
to caffeine. The delayed growth,
which might be reversible, was
found at levels of caffeine con
sumption comparable to Just two
cups of coffee a day for humans.
The study did not provide con
clusive evidence that caffeine has
ever caused a birth defect in a
human being. The scientists who
conducted the rat study noted
that their work "lacked the
quality to assure either the safety
or the lack of safety of caffeine"
and urged further studies. In ad
dition, some new research in
dicates that people do not re
spond to caffeine the same way
rats or other experimental
animals do, perhaps because of
the difference in which animals
metabolise caffeine.
Caffeine's use in food and drink
is hardly new. It is very much a
part of the human diet. It is a
natural ingredient in coffee, tea,
cocoa, and most cola and pepper
soft drinks. FDA's legal definition
of cola and pepper soft drinks re
quires caffeine at an ingredient
and permits it in other soft
drinks. It is used in cold, head
ache, allergy, stay-awake, and
other over-the-counter remedies
and in some prescription drugs. It
is also used in some baked goods,
froxen dairy products, soft can
dies, gelatins, ana puddings. 9
The beaJtfc implications of caf
feine consumption have been
matters of concern and debate for
years. Recent suggestions that
caffeine might be associated with
premature human births and
congenital abnormalities have
generated a variety of requests for
FDA to require warning labels on
caffeine-containing products as
well as to severely limit caffeine's
use as a food additive. There is
also concern about the behavioral
effects of caffeine on children
(who drink considerable quan
tities of caffeine-containing soft
drinks) and on their brain growth
and development. These concerns
have resulted in requests from
three consumer groups for FDA to
regulate the use of caffeine in
various ways:
The Lehigh Valley Committee
Against Health Fraud asked for a
label about the general physio
logical and pharmacological ef
fects of caffeine.
The Federation of Home
makers urged that caffeine be re
moved from FDA's current list of
substances that are categorized
as GRAS (generally recognized as
safe).
Late in 1979, the . Center for
Science in the Public Interest
CSP) petitioned FDA to issue a
regulation requiring that all tea
and coffee packages containing
caffeine carry a warning label
saying that consumption of the
product may be harmful to the
unborn children of pregnant
women. CSPI also wanted FDA
to initiate an educational cam
paign telling pregnant women
about the potential of caffeine to
interfere with reproduction. The
Center would like to hear from
mothers who consumed large
amounts of caffeine during their
pregnancies and who gave birth
to children having any con
genital defects whatever. CSPI
will share the' information it
gathers with FDA. These reports
may be sent to CSPI, 1775 S
Street. N.W., Washington, D.C.
20(109. Or call 202-332-9110.
After comidering the concerns
of the consumer groups (and
other). FDA decided against
warning labels on caffeine prod
ucts at this time because the
available scientific evidence that
caffeine is harmful is incon
clusive. Other art ions, however,
are planned.
The Public Health Service
1 which FDA is part will advise
pregnant women who are served
by pH8 programs not to use caf
feine, The Surgeon tfeneral will
write to health professional orga
nizations to urge them to notify
their members of the latest scien
tific information. ;
IDA will carry this same
(Continued On Pate II)
SAT., DECEMBER 20,1980
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tS-OZ. CAN LIBBY
PUMPKIN 73c
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13-OZ. CAN BORDEN'S EAQLE BRAND
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MR. COFFEE X
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2-LITER (67.8 OZS.) NO RETURN BTL8.
CHEK DRINKS 89c
16-OZ. CAN THRIFTY MAID
CUT SWEET POTATOES 2 for89c
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