1;-
A Weekly Digest
of
- African Affairs
SAT., JANUARY 31, 1931
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SOUTH AFRICA
Crackdown On
The Black Press
AN The South
African government has
taken action against black
newspapers and jour
nalists, steps that many
observers see as the
precursor of further press
curbs.
After a two-month long
strike led by the black
trade union, Media
Workers' Association of
South .Africa (Mwasa),
three journalists active in
the organization were ban
ned. Mwasa President
Zweiakhe Sisulu and the
Natal branch vice presi
dent Marimuthu '
Subramoney were served
with the restriction orders'
just after the strike ended.
Transvaal regional officer
Mathata Tsedu was bann-
ed ten days later.
j Sisulu, son of jailed
f African National Con-
gress leader Walter Sisulu,
and Tsedu worked for the :
Postnewspapers. Last
week, the company that
owns those papers an-
nounced it would not try
to publish again, follow
ing threats by the govern
ment to ban them. In the
following two reports,
Dick Usher details this ac
tion and Subry Govender
reports on other signs of
official displeasure with
some of the country's
newspapers.
BLOEMFONTEIN AN ,
The closure of South
Africa's two leading black
newspapers has sparked J
indignation throughout :
the country. Commen-1
tators representing a wide;
range of political opinion
have condemned the
move. And even,
Afrikaans newspapers,
usually supportive of the :
government, have been ex-:
tremely critical.
South Africa's two
most .,, respected v . black
Transvaal and Sunday
Post, were forced to close
down under the threat of
government action.
The two papers had
been off the street since'
November when they were
struck by members of the
Media' Workers Associa- ;
tion of South Africa in a
, dispute with management.
Following the settlement
of the strike, the govern
ment refused to allow the
papers to resume publica- (
tion, claining the cer-'
tificates of registration re
quired under the country's
Internal Security Act had
lapsed.
JOHANNESBURG
ANJ The Steyn Commis
sion of Inquiry, establish-,
ed last year to look into
the performance of the
mass media, has been
holding hearings here, and
government officials call
ed to testify have raised
some serious allegations
against the English
language press.
Vlok Delport, from the
Department of Foreign
Affairs, accused certain
newspapers of being
"undeniably involved in
the psychological
onslaught" against the
country and contributing
to the "revolutionary
climate," in South Africa.
A Department of.
Defence psychologist
labeled the positive repor
ting by some newspapers
of the "Free Mandela"
campaign as
"subversive," because it
undermined te state,
which has seen fit to jail
the African National Con
gress leader.
Another defense
spokesman slammed a
series of "positive" ar-1
tides on the banned
African National Con-.
gress published recently in
the Johannesburg
newspaper, The Star,
because the articles blam
ed the "radicalisation" of
the ANC on the inflexibili
ty of white South
Africans.
Some of the most
serious charges were made
by the head of the security
police, Brigadier Johan
Coetzee.
According to Coetszee,
reports such as those com-1
memorating" the banning
of black consciousness
organizations in 1977,
bordered on support for
subversive organization. s
He also alleged that cer
tain reports concerning
the death of black leader
Steve Biko, who died in
police custody, were part
of a campaign to discredit
detention clauses in the In
ternal Security Act.
Time and again, various
civil servants told the
Steyn Commission that
newspapers were responsi
ble for the unhealthy state
of race relations in South
Africa.
Repeated calls have
been made for statutory
controls of newspapers,
the registration of jour
nalists, regulations con
trolling the contents of
reports, and disciplinary
action against editors who
venture beyond the
bbunds of government
regulations.
A common thread runn
ing through most of the
Submissions has been an
emphasis of the "total,
onslaught" facing the'
country and the need for
newspapers to back the
government in its "total
strategy" to counter, the
apparent offensive.
- v .
EAST AFRICAHORN
Signs of Peace, War
ANJFour African
presidents met in Kam
pala, Uganda, on January
17 in a highly symbolic
gathering marking the
return to peace if not
complete harmony in
the area formerly grouped
as the East African Com
munity. Zambian Presi
dent Kenneth Kaunda
joined the presidents of
Tanzania and Kenya and
newly-elected Milton
Obote of Uganda as they
celebrated the end of the
Amin era, which had -isolated
Uganda and con
tributed to the break-up of
the East African Com
munity. ......
The issue of the proper . . .,
oeen one or ine aivisive :
factors for the EAC
Presidents Kaunda of j
Zambia and Nyerere of;
Tanzania had been among I
the strongest African
critics of Idi Amin, and
Tanzanian troops played. .
the critical role in the dic
tator's overthrow in 1979.
For its part, Kenya, under
President Daniel Arap
Moi and his predecessor
Jomo Kenyatta, had
maintained a more ac
comodating . attitude ..
toward Amin, and it
strongly rebuked Tan
zania for what Kenyan
leaders say was an attempt
to re-install Obote in the ,
Uganda presidency.
Moi and Obote made
their peace,, finally, in a
January 5 meeting, and
economic ties between i
Uganda and Kenya are
resuming, In spite of a
new atmosphere,
however, there seem to be 1
no early prospects for
resolution of the disputes
between Kenya and Tan
zania that have kept their
common border closed for
four years.
One prerequisite, the
object of discussion in
Kampala, is settling the
dispute over disposition of
the assets of the dissolved
East Africa Community.
But other substantial, and
less tangible, issues re-,
main. Kenya, with its
strong industrial base
established under the
British, had profited most !
from regional trade, and
the border closure has ,
served as some protection
for weaker Tanzanian in
dustry. In addition, the
ideolqgical dispute bet-
Helps Shrink
Swelling Of
Hemorrhoidal
Tissues
caused by Inflammation
Doctors have found a medica
tion that in many case fives
prompt, temporary relief for
hours from pain and burning
itchin hemorrhoidal tissues,then
helps shrink swelling of these
tissues caused by inflammation.
The name; Preparation H. No
prescription to needed. Prepa
ration H. Ointment and sup
positories. Use only as directed.
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Alt Smiles
At left, Mrs. Mattie Jones, wife of the only black hostage held in Iran (or the fun captivity
said last Monday she saw her husband in television film earlier in the day and he looked
"great." "He looked thinner when we saw him at Christmas," Mrs. Jones said of her hus
band Charles, a teletype operator with the international communications agency. At right,
rharins .tonus accomnanied hv an unidentified medic leaves the dental clinic in Wiesbaden,
West Germany, last Thursday and waves to newsmen gathered at the main entrance of the
Welsbaden Air Force hospital.
ween Tanzania's socialist
orientation and Kenya's
private enterprise-based
perspective continues.
And incidents such as a
December clash in which
22 presumed Tanzanian ;
"cattle raiders" were kill
ed by Kenyan police pro-.
vide repeated occasions
' for hostility and mutual
recriminations.
Meanwhile, further
north in the Horn of :
Africa, the longstanding 1
conflict between Somalia
and Ethiopia, may gain
new impetus with a U.S.
decision to release $40
million in military sales
credits for Somalia. The
credits had been held up
since an agreement was
signed in August for U.S.
use of the military
facilities at Berbera. The
delay: congressional in
sistence on assurances that.
Somali regular troops
were not involved in the
fighting inside Ethiopia
between the Ethiopian
government and somali
speaking guerrillas. In- the
last week of the Carter ad,-
UP1 Photos
ministration, U.S. of
ficials supplied "verified
assurances" to the House
Foreign Operations- sub
committee that Somali
regular forces were no
longer involved.
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