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AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES J v
By Ann Williams
It's eight o'clock and you just got off wdrk. You
get into the car, and decide you'll stop somewhere. ;
and get' something to eat, but you remember you
don'thave enough cash with vou"
It's a holiday and you need to
deposit your paycheck in your
checking account.
You re in a hurrv nn vnnr
lunch hour, and you heed to make
a loan payment at the bank. But
as you pull up to the bank, you
notice long lines inside waiting
for the tellers.
; In all these situations, an auto- Ann Williams
mated teller machine (ATM) can
help you. These machines, used by thousands of
bank customers daily, are available at a growing
fironn Vsior Eitot!r.
number of banks for use 24 hours a day, including
weekends and holidays. Most of the machines per
form a wide variety of functions, including cash -withdrawals
from checking, savings, or bank credit '
card accounts; deposits to accounts;, loan or bank -credit
card payments; money transfers from one v
accoun t to the other, and account balance information.
Two items are necessary to use an automated teller
machine: a banking card and a personal identification v
number, both of which are provided by your bank.
You simply insert your card into the machine, key
in your code number, and then follow step-by-step
instructions which the machine will give you. You
may want to ask your banker for a personal demon
stration the first time you use the machine.
If your bank has a teller machine, it is probably
located on an outside wall of the building, in a well
lighted area. A typical transaction takes less than 1
a minute. rTjr'- h r-r .
Banks have developed a number of security
safeguards to protect their customers from fraud.
However, there are things that you can do, too, to pro
tect yourself. Never write your personal identification
' number on your card so that if it is lost cr stolen, it
can't be used. And if your card does disappear, be
sure to notify your bank immediately. The bank can
instruct its machines to capture cards that have been
reported lost or stolen if someone tries to use them.
Also do not loan your card to anyone and be sure
to keep your personal identification number in a
safe place.
Your automated teller machine transactions appear
on your checking, savings or bank credit card state
ments. And if you remember to record your transac
tions on your checking account register or other
records as you use the machine, balancing your
statements will be easier.
Accuracy, convenience, privacy, simplicity and
speed: all of these are characteristics which have
made automated teller machines a continually
growing success. - .f i :
Ann Williams, a banker for 14 jean, u brunch manager of a
Wachovia Bank and Trust Company office in WiUiamston.
r
A Renewed Attack On Labor
and not the labor leadership's. .
The recent spate of poor press and President
Reagan's criticism is not only ill-founded but u has
obscured the fact that the labor movement is moving
forward in a number of innovative directions. This
month (March), the AFL-CIO is involved in a series of
regional conferences at which the Federation's presi
dent, Lane Kirkland, and secretary-treasurer, Thomas .
Donahue, will sit down with local and state trade union ;
leaders; as part of an effort to "help strengthen state
federations and local bodies."
The AFL-CIO is also moving forward in an attempt
' A. Philip Randolph Institute
America's labor movement has -rarely received a
square deal from the press. Therefore it should gome as
no surprise that trade unions are currently being sub
jected to a consistent barrage of criticism. What is.sur
prising, however, is the particular vehemence with
which the trade union movement is being criticized at a
time when it is attempting to move'in directions which
would increase its involvement in the political process
and begin to Offer a response to the Reagan Administra
tion's economic proposals.
Press criticism has come from all corners. From the
left, Stnaley Aronowiiz, writing iri The Nation,d& lash
ed out at "entrenched leaders" Who "not only .control
the mechanisms of power, but sit astride bureaucratic
structures that work to defuse opposition." Business
Week has critiicized the AFL-ClO's Executive Council
for generating "disappointingly stale bluster" and ;
"blind repetition of well-worn platitudes." At a root, in
Business Week's view, is the labor leadership's unwill
ingness to address questions of labor productivity and
job performance. A labor reporter for the New York
Daily News has suggested that, "labor is losing its grip."
And President Ronald Reagan has accused organized
labor of being out of step with its rank-and-file.
Let's take a look at these charges one by one. Critics
charge that labor is controlled by entrenched
bureaucrats. The fact of the matter is that labor's
leadership is democratically elected and elections are
often close and hotly contested. Critics accuse labor of
being uninterested in productivity. In truth, labor is not
only worried about American industry losing its com
petitive edge but there is statistical evidence which
shows that in manufacturing, productivity of unionized
workers is substantially higher than that of unorganized
workers. As for the charge that organized labor is
politically ineffective, the evidence of the last election
shows that union members and their families voted for
Jimmy Carter by a higher percentage than any other
segment of the population with the exception of.
minorities. No one can deny that there was a shift away
from Democratic candidates in the last election, but the
blame for this shift must rest squarely with the
Democratic Party which has minimized the input of
labor leaders in its highest councils. And finally, Presi
dent Reagan's suggestion that labor is out of step with
its members is simply untrue. Union members are deep-;
lv concerned about sucru issues as plant relocation,
'workplacersAfety, lob ecuritx,Ririn4mvim wagaaiuU
Vihmnlnvtnent. his Mr. Reaaaik'tMfrffea these aiMWw,iXng KDOrI,DCyniS pu
tions that is out of touch with worker needs and desires gams were made to reduce poverty, but the trend was
By Bayard Rustin '
rV Executive Director :
UnitedNeighborhood Centers of America
to get the United Auto Workers to rejoin the fold. The
federation has embarked on an effort to abandon its
neutrality in party primaries and to take part more
directly in the nominating process for national office'
TheiService Employee have launched an ambitious at
tempt to organize office workers: The Clothing and
Textile Workers have won a major victory against the
J.P. Stevens Company in the South by utilizing in
- novative techniques which involved consumer boycotts,
pressure oh the Stevens Company's business partners,
demonstrations, the shareholders' proxy fights. And the
labor movemment has had tremendous success in in-
Getting Smart
Moving In The Wrong Direction
By Walter L. Smart
. Executive Director
United Neighborhood Centers of America
America, during the last two decades, has been com
mitted to helping the poor and needy make their way
out of poverty and build self-sufficient, rewarding lives.
Since 1964, when the "war on poverty" was initiated,
eleven million people have left the throes of poverty.
Unfbrtunately, more than seven million Americans still
live in dire need. '
The National Advisory Council on Economic Oppor
tunity issued a report, "Critical Choices for the '80s,"
that addressed the problems of unemployment, infla
tion, job creation and welfare reform. The report also
discussed the fate of human needs programs aimed at
196H6 f eal
reversed drastically in 1970. There was an increase of
2.5 million poor in 1975, the largest since 1959; and the
recession in 1974-5 increased the poverty population by
three million people.
Also cited in the report is a frightening pattern of an
increasing . portion of the poverty population
represented by women, youth and minorities who are
beyond the benefits of the private sector growth.
Among these patterns are:
The "feminization of poverty." almost one of every
three female-headed households is poor; about one in
eighteen families headed by a man is poor. At the pre-
,:senti latere council ays, "jhe-ppvertv
.'nyora w'uvinpti?cu suiciy ui pyyyiifj any
oy aoout tne yearzuuu."
Growth of poverty among the very young. From 1969
to 1978, the number of poor children under eighteen
rose to nearly 250,000. Their rate of poverty rose by
about fourteen per cent in that time. More than one in
four Hispanic children and about two in five black
children were poor in 1978.
Growing poverty among racial minorities. In 1967, the
'rate of poverty among black family heads was about
3.75 times that of whites. By 1977, it had reached four
times that of the white population.
(Continued on Page 16;
pulation
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creasing the levels of participation of black unionists,
who today account for over' seventeen per cent of i.te
AFL-CIO's membership. Moreover, a recent study ha
found that black union members are far more active in
the political process than their white counterparts.
With several exceptions, these new courses have bee-.i
given short shrift by the press, which for the most part
treats labor unions as an anachronism or an obstacle to
progress and productivity A mythology has arisen
about .trade Unions which portrays the labor movement
as an amalgam of special interests led by "cigar chomp
ing" bureaucrats.
What the labor movement is really about, however, is
a national network of 60,000 union locals. Each of these
involves scores and often hundreds of union members ;n
voluntary administrative, political and community ac
tivities. For the most part, local trade union unionist
are part-time unpaid volunteers who hold down full
time jobs outside the labor movement and who have
roots in their own communities. While the activities of
the Moral Majority and conservative political action
committees are given extensive play in the media, the
wide-ranging activism of the union local is ignored
unless a strike erupts. But the truth of the matter is that
strikes are an exception rather than a rule (only two per
cent of collective bargaining results in strikes), while the
undramatic day-to-day work of the local union is
unreported and invisible to most Americans.
Meanwhile, labor's national leaders, intelligent,
capable spokesmen for constituencies often larger than
those of Congressmen and some Senators, are rarely
solicity by the media to express opinions on vital na
tional and international issues.
The events of the last year in Poland have evoked a
great deal of favorable attention in our press. But little
has been said about the role of a strong labor movement
in guaranteeing the survival of a democratic society.
Even less attention has been paid to the evidence that
countries like Germany, Japan, and Sweden (all of
which have experienced phenomenal growth in produc
tivity since World War II) have more than twice the
percentage of unionized workers as has the U.S.
A debate is beginning about productivity in our coun
try. The first salvos in that debate have been fired by the
press against the labor movement. Clearly, the labor
movement can play a role in helping to increase worker
productivity. But worker productivity and job perfor
mance can only, be improved if the labor movement is
sijccessftj) in enhancing worker's sense of jhared rpm
mitment pi the workplace. Whether it is accomplisned
through increased profit sharing, through co
determination, as in Germany, or through consultation
with union leaders in such issues as plant closings, plant
relocation, and corporate secrecy, the central role of
organized labor must be acknowledged.
The answer to increased productivity lies in greater
cooperation between employers and workers and their
unions on the one hand and a renewed commitment to
social justice on the other. An attack on the legitimacy
' of unions undermines such an effort and is against the
national interest.
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