SWAPO This vast area so rich in minerals' and
other natural resources, long referred to as Southwest
Africa, became a mandate of the League of Nations
when Germany fell at the end of World War II. Later
with the creation of the United Nations all mandates of
the League were formally passed over to it's successor.
However, the Government of South Africa seized this
opportunity to rush troops to occupy the territory and
grab control from the United Nations. ? j ' f ; ,
The U.N. has repeatedly condemned this act of piracy
by South Africa and called for withdrawal of these oc
cupying forces.. The South African government has ig
nored all resolutions and requests by the U.N. and con
tinued to pour more troops into the area. Also because
of the many rich minerals and natural resources the
South African government proceeded to negotiate Dacts
with large companies in Europe and the U.S. to exploit
these resources. Now that they are sharing the riches of
this land with the big industrial countries of the West,
South Africa feels they can continue to ignore the large
majority votes at the U.N. condemning this illegal oc
cupation. When the issue arises at the U.N.; the
Western powers make only token protest or completely
abstain from any vote on the Southwest Africa issue.
Out of this oppression came SWAPO (South West
African Peoples Organization). It was April 20, 1960
when SWAPO started with orderly protests trying to
persuade South Africa to grant' the native Africans the
right of self-determination. As expected, the govern
ment of South Africa answered with arrests, beatings
and killings. ' ;
Today SWAPO has vowed to continue, the fight
which has now reached the military stage until they get
full independence. Just as the African National Con-;
gress, SWAPO leaders also say only the support of ihi
Western countries is holding up the racist government
of South Africa. SWAPO has given the country a new
name "Namibia". Permanent Representative of
SWAPO at the U.N., Theo-Ben Gurirab says ''We
know that time and justice are on our side. SWAPO
President Samuel Nujona states, "The illegal occupa
tion of our country by South African soldiers will fall.
We, too, must have the right of self-determination and
majority rule for our Namibia." -
FRETILIN The youngest of the major liberation
groups is FRETILIN officially announced Dec. 31,
United Nations
The U.S-JAnd ,In
Movements at the U.N,
Part II of a two-part series. By Curtis T. Perkins
11978." At the extreme southeastern tip of the Asian ar
" : chipelago lies the tropical island of Timor. In the col
onial days, the island was occupied by Portugal while
the island range to the north was held by the Dutch. Yet .
when the Portugese finally withdrew and turned over to
the people of Timor, it was Indonesia who quickly"
ordered soldiers in to occupy Timor and claim it for In-.
. donesia. ' '". - - V
I FRETILIN, now based in Australia about 400 miles
from the Nusatenggara archipelago, has a Mission in
New York and has brought its case to the U.N. The mat
, ter was taken up by the Trusteeship and Decolonization
Committee The Committee has recommended accep
tance of the request by the people of Timor for general
elections sponsored by the U.N. and the right of selfr
determination. However, Indonesia has failed to agree
with these recommendations.
Since the assasination of FRETILIN president
Nicolau Lobato, the organization is now ruled by a
three-man ' Presidential Council. Mari Alkatiri,
Secretary for External Relations for FRETILIN, points '
out that it is difficult for FRETILIN at the U.N.
because the United States is allied with Indonesia along
with other Western powers . They are backing In-'
donesia, he says, and for political reasons will not raise
their voices against this injustice. Alkatiri states further,
"We in Timor marvel how Indonesia, who is a member .
of the Non-Aligned, The "JV which has fought against
' colonlalization, is now illegally occupying Timor and
allowing their soldiers to oppress our people."
FRETILIN Permanent Representative at the U.N.
Jose Ramos Horta states, "Although the U.S. is block
ing the proper expression of our case at the U.N., we ,
will continue to fight for our cause through NGO's.
(Non-Governmental Organizations). Just as the Shah of
Iran fell, in spite of massive U.S. aid, so will we win -
over Indonesia."
PAC Since 1959, a second liberation group came
into being to join the fight for freedom in the south. The
banner of the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania by
I960 was already leading freedom marches through the'
streets of Cape Town with more than 40,000.
The PAC found itself quickly in the middle of the
battle in places as the Sharpville Massacre March 21,
1960. They, too, found the price of the fight for
freedom in South Africa was constant oppression by
South Africa police and soldiers, torture, imprisonment
and murder. PAC leaders were martyred and the world
in time knew the names of people as Mangaliso Sbukwe,
Alhajj Malik Shabass, the late David Sibeko.
On the African continent, Vusumzi L. Make, chair
man of PAC OF Azania was driven from the South but
continued to operate from a base in Liberia. He con
tinued to press the OAU and other countries to support
the fight in South Africa.
PAC Mission at the United Nations today is headed
by Henry E. Isaacs, a name well known in the history of
PAC. As Permanent Representative at the U.N. for
PAC, Mr. Isaacs is constantly pressing for new oppor
tunities to increase outside pressure on the white racist
regime for majority rule and the principle of self
determination. U.N. delegates applauded strongly a recent speech by
the PAC Mission Chief at the 34th General Assembly.
The subject "Azania - Black Resistance, White Oppres
sion". Today, the brutal and oppressive racial policies
of apartheid still reign the land but the fight goes on.
PAC leaders are sure they will win. Only the support of
the United States and the Western powers is keeping the
South African government from falling. In time, they
must realize even with support of the West they cannot
win.
SAT., JUNE 20, 1931 THE CAROLINA TIMES -1$
COMMITTEES AT THE U.N. :
..By appointment from the office of the Secretary
General United Nations maintains certain special com- :
mittees active in the fight for decolonization of some of
these troubled areas.
One of the most formidable and active is the U.N.
Commission, on Namibia which is the administrative
arm of the U.N. Council on Namibia. The Council
president is Paul Lusaka, Ambassador from Zambia, f
The Commissioner is Monti Ahtisaari of Finland. The ,
director of the Commission is Dr. A. Fahnwulu Caine
of Liberia. Together, they carry out the administrative
directions of the General Assembly concerning the il
legal occupation of South West Africa by South African
troops. Junny Sechelle, a U.N. political officer from
Botswana is also credited with winning friends for
Namibia.
There is a special committee on apartheid whose
chairman is the very dynamic Ambassador B. Akporode
Clark. This committee also deals with the continued de
fiance of South Africa and its racial policy known as
"apartheid".
Out of the Middle East question came the Committee
on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palesti
nians. Chairman of this committee is the distinguished
Ambassador from the Republic of Guinea, Massamba
Sarre. This committee represents the majority opinion
among members of the U.N. concerning the Middle
East question today. Only the United States and a few
of it's close allies still support Israeli occupation of
disputed areas in the Middle East.
THE BLACK AMERICAN AND U.S. STAKE
I am sure the United States could have many more
friends in the world if we would concern ourselves with
the problems of black Africa and the resolution of the
mess in the Middle East.
Overnight, we could resolve the yearnings of a hungry
and confused world which needs our technology and
humaneness. Our State Department needs to know what
this world is all about. It is not guns and the
U.S.-inspired disruption of governments or repeal ot
the Clark Amendment, but rather a better und;rstan
ding of these people and their aspirations.
Since we blacks in America have suffered so much,
we must continue to prick the conscience of America
and to urge American officialdom to move into the
realities of our world.
Many people think fornicate is a bad word, but NOW
thinks foreman is in the same bed. A recent study con
ducted by the reknowh Louis Harris and Associates,
Inc., pollsters, indicated unprecedented growth of girls,
er, women, in the workforce. Recognizing the incredible
recent leap of women in the workforce has forced some
companies to change their career and occupational
names, like first-line supervisors, instead of just plain
foremen for the new "Janes."
It is not clear whether Jane is going to replace
"John" on the streets of San Francisco and other
nefarious places. However, another study by Heidrick
and Struggles, master head hunters, has found nearly a
third of women officers making $50,000 or more are
divorcees. Four times the national average. Even those
women making half as much money, $25,000 and
above, divorce at twice the national rate. Some stress is
obviously involved in making job switches.
Working for women clearly creates the risk of a
substantial change in the traditional type of family
structure. Somehow, everyone, man, woman and child
is convinced this social phenomenon of a "new place"
for women in our society is "hereto stay.", Lou Harris
is one of those experts on changing American ex-
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Business In The Black
What Do Women Want?
Full Pay for Part-Time Work
By Charles E. Belle
periences, so sold on this "breaking out of the mold" by
American women, he was prepared to admit it to a na
tionwide Public Broadcasting System audience. Mr.
Harris' releases of the General Mills American Family
Report 1980-81 "Families At Work," was the occa
sion for a 19-city broadcast around the country. In
essence, it said the women of America are out to work
and they ain't going back to the kitchen or no place else,
UBless they got a mind to! You got that?
It was difficult to distinguish what direction General
Mills, the makers of Monopoly sets and Betty Crocker
cake mixes, was going in the beginning. But it was clear
they were lining up with the women, whichever way they
were going.
Well, actually what women want most, one finds
after digging through figures all over creation, is some
type of work with other women. Some nerve, now that i
they get a chance to join men, they want to get away 1
. from them again. Oh well, at least they will be happy. In
terms of motivation, nearly all working adults, 90
men and 87 women, are working primarily to achieve
a sense of personal satisfaction.
In addition, according to the GM Report, 42 of all
family members, 49 of working women and 60 of
women planning to go to work desired part-time worki
with full benefits. Oh, and about the children, child care
Spectacles: A Closer Look
Understanding The Israeli-Arab Conflict
By Ada M. Fisher
00 is too simplistic to choose sides in the Israeli-Arab
conflict unless one understands what the wars are, were
and will be about. Sinai, Mecca and Jerusalem sit at the
heart of the Middle East 'struggle as do Judaism, Islam
and Christianity. The conflict between Israel and its
neighbors is a religious war and to view it as anything
less, fails to appreciate that its final resolution can only
be at Armageddon.
The great religious writings, particularly the Old
Testament of the King James Version of the Bible, gives
us much insight into the Middle East conflict. Abraham
sits as the father of the Israeli people,, those called to
Islam aid subsequently those who heralded in Chris
tianity. From his wife's hand-maiden, a son Ishmael
was born from whom the descendants of the Arab lands
reportedly came. From his wife, Sarah, a son Isaac was
born with whom the covenant of God, circumcision of
male heirs, was made. While the Jews were held in bon
dage by the peoples of Egypt, a new found Hebrew
babe,' Moses,' was entered and reared as a king. Moses
was to ultimately accept his lineage and return to Egypt
to lead his people out of slavery into their "promised
land" which is reportedly the area in which the Mid
dle East conflict centers. To complicate matters further,
Moses chpse a wife who may have been a descendant of
Ishmael and through his marriage, the lines of Isaac and
Ishmael were joined.
The Middle East conflict revolves around Biblical
prophecy and entitlement. Just who did God promise
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this land to? The descendants of Isaac as it is written or
did Moses, in joining the lines of Isaac and Ishmael, en
. title the peoples of the Arab lands to this "Promised
Land" as well?
All that is held to be ,"Most HOLY" is to be found in
Sinai aid the surrounding lands. The descendants of
Isaac, as "The Chosen People", have claimed these'
lands. Who can dispute their claim and believe the
Biblical word? Since the Arabs are descendants of
Ishmael, whose lineage springs from the loins of
Abraham and Moses, can they be denied a place among
"The Chosen People"?
Religion, politics, color, oil and the need for secure'
borders will divide many a nation and lead to more war
before this conflict is resolved. The recent bombing of
the Iraq nuclear reactor is but one of a series of on
going battles which will occur before this issue is settled.
The Jews will never give in and if pushed will use every,
disposable resource for survival. For Jews, the Middle
East conflict is not just a war over a "Promised Land"
but a war for survival. Failure to understand this is a
failure to understand what any people of ethnic diversi
ty must appreciate. With the proliferation of nuclear
arms in the Middle East, with threats to secure borders
for Israel, Armageddon is as close or as far away as the
depths of the human heart will allow.
"The Chosen People", who are they and what were
they chosen for? Age old questions which are at the
(Continued on Page 16)
and after-hours care by the schools are here to stay. The
U.S. Department of Labor reports that back in 1978,
the population of children under the age of 18 with two
working parents had crossed over the halfway mark in
the country.
Children 13-18, better known as teen-agers, by more
than a 90 margin agree that both parents should take
an equal role in child care. A point more than a few
fathers miss when the wife goes to work. While teen
agers can take the absence of mothers from home, even
they don't like it while there are children under twelve in
the house, one can safely assume, especially if its them.
Teen-agers, nevertheless, believe children of working
parents are forced to become more self-reliant and in
dependent. Not at all a bad idea.
Some new ideas will be needed by major U.S. cor
porations to cope with this changing social movement of
majority woia'en into the workforce. Minority women
' have faced the problem of putting children through col
lege for years, with or without a husband. How the ma-
' jority women of society deal with this growing issue and
the reaction of rigid institutions will shape the family
and every foundation of America in the future.
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