15 THE CAROLINA TIMES SAT., OCTOBER 24. 1981
U.S. Hopefiil Oii
Peace Talks
With South Africa
JAN Nuclear relations
and ' . Namibian in
dependence two issues
that have complicated
the closer tics between
South Africa and the
United States that both
government have said
they want are being
tackled by U.S.
diplomatic missions
scheduled to depart
within the next few
weeks.
Since taking office
nine months ago, the
Reagan administration
has shifted the tone and
modified the substance
of bilateral relations with
the policy,; 'of "construc
tive engagement". And
these changes have been
warmly welcomed by the
government of South
Africa Prime Minister
P.W. Botha.
But despite a shared
geo-political outlook by
the two governments, the
issues of Namibia and
nuclear cooperation with
their significant interna
tional ramifications,
have stood as obstacles
to a more collaborative
relationship.
A delegation from the
five-nation Western
Contact Group, which
has been working on
Namibian independence
since 1977, is scheduled
to begin a tour of key
African capitals on Oc
tober 26. U.S. Assistant
Secretary of State
Chester Crocker and of
ficials from Britain,
Canada, France, and
West Germany will be
seeking agreement for
Nigeria, the front-line
states (Angola,
Botswana, Mozambique,
Tanzania, Zambia, and
Zimbabwe), South
Africa, the Namibian
movement SWAPO and
other Namibian parties
oh a set of constitutional
principles.
After months of
discussion, Contact
Group members reached
final agreement early in
October on a set of prin
ciples that draws upon
various United Nations
documents the
Charter, Declaration of
Human Rights, and
social and economic
rights proclamations
and the Bill of Rights in
the American Constitu
tion. While 'agreement on
the proposals is far from
certain, Western
diplomats express op
timism that the delega
tion will return from
Africa v ith the consen
sus necessary to proceed
to the next steps in the
negotiations.
"After we get agree
ment on 4he constitu
tional guarantees, we'll
start talking about$the
tough things," one
diplomat mused. He was
referring : to Soutly
Africa's objections td
the UN election plan
adopted by Security
Council Resolution 435
in 1978.
The idea of constitu
tional guarantees was
proposed by the Reagan
administration to meet
South African demands
for an assurance that
"the outcome of this
democratic process be
democratic."' With
SWAPO heavily favored
to win . any
election.
South Africa and anti
SWAPO Namibian par
ties have charged that the
UN plan would allow
SWAPO to take office
and hold onto power in
definitely. They have also ob
jected to UN
"partiality," saying the
endorsement of SWAPO
by the UN General
Assembly gives that
group unfair advantage
in any election held
under the world
organization's auspices.
So the U.S. and its allies
have considered a multi
national force under UN
direction but clothed in
national uniform, not
the blue helmets tradi
tionally worn by UN
troops. The Western
powers have also drawn
up plans to sever all UN
support for SWAPO as
soon as agreement on an
independence plan is
reached.
These modifications
have raised fears on the
part of SWAPO and its
African supporters (the
movement has recogni
tion from the Organiza
tion of African Unity).
Since South Africa has
vowed to oppose . a
SWAPO government in
Namibia and since South
Africa would continue as
administrator of the ter
ritory during the election
process and its personnel
would far outnumber
UN forces, the move
ment's leaders have ask
ed Western negotiators
what 1 assurances
SWAPO has that the
vote would not be rigged
against it.
Despite the dif
ficulties, U.S. officials
are- hopeful that agree
ment is possible. They
expect the entire' in
dependence process to
take another eighteen
months, unless addi
tional serious problems
are encountered.
Their confidence
seems to stem from two
assumptions: that
SWAPO and its African
supporters are too weak
militarily, economically
and politically to put up
much, of a struggle
against the proposed
changes in .the UN plan;
and that South Africa is
gaining enough
reassurance from the
"constructive . engage
ment" policy to agree to
an independence ap
proach that carries some
political risk.
At an African
American Institute con
ference in Williamsburg,
Virginia, . earlier this
month, African- leaders
conveyed their
dissatisfaction with this
approach to Crocker,
Assistant Secretary for
International Organiza
tions Elliott Abrams and
the acting director of the
iff
CBC Stunned By'
Department
State
Actions On
Sadat
" A
NNPA News Service
WASHINGTON,
D.C. Member of the
Congressional ; : Black
Caucus, noting close ties
with v slain . Egyptian
President Anwar Sadat,;
-this week denounced the .
Administration - and the
State ' DeDartment : for
Informed : . sources
within the House leader
ship verified that , the
name of , a Caucus
representative had been
submitted to; the White
House on Tuesday, when
if was thought that there
would be a congressional
delegation going to
Addresses
Workers
ATLANTA Former U.N. Ambassador Andrew Young addresses cam
paign workers and the media after he led a seven candidate field in the Atlanta
mayor's race, but fell short of a clear majority and faces an apparent runoff
against Sidney Marcus, a white, liberal legislator. UPI Photo
Office of Southern
African Affairs Dan
Simpson.
In response, ad
ministration officials
said that success over
time will prove them
right. State Department
aides believe this same1
cooperative approach
may be yielding results in
the nuclear negotiations
as well.
Since the Ford ad
ministration suspended
shipments of enriched
uranium to South Africa
in 1975 American
nuclear policy has been
in Hmbo. But in August,
the two governments
reached an agreement on
a relatively minor
: plant.'
The U.S. wants
Pretoria to agree to "full
scope safeguards" for
the plant, as required by
the NPT and the Nuclear
Non-Proliferation Act
passed by Congress in
1978. U.S. and South
African officials believe
they can agree upon a.
plan for regular, inspec
tion of the 1 plant's
perimeter, which can
satisfy both the
safeguard requirements
and South Africa's
demands for continued
confidentiality of its
enrichment process.
Valindaba, which
began production V in
1975, has a special
nuclear-related issue that significance although
officials believe could small, it is the only
lead to a breakthrough
on more major problem
areas.
In 1974, the two coun
tries agreed in a contract
that South Africa would
sell a quantity of raw
uranium to the U.S.
atomic energy facility at
Oak Ridge, where it
would be enriched, ship
ped . to France for
fabrication" -into ' fuel
rods, and re-sold to
South Africa for the
Koeberg nuclear power
plant. But subsequently,
the U.S. barred the
release of nuclear
materials destined for
countries (like South
Africa) that have not
signed the Nuclear Non
Proliferation Treaty
(NPT).
The terms of the 1974
contract require South
Africa to make delivery
to Oak . Ridge even
though the enriched
uranium is not returning
to South Africa. (South
Africa can, however, sell
the material to a third
party.) After originally attackers at rest."
enrichment facility
operating in an officially
non-nuclear nation. (The
other enrichment plants
are in the U.S. USSR,
and Western Europe.)
While not capable of
producing enough fuel
for the Koeberg reactors,
it can produce enriched
uranium for South
Africa's medical and
scientific reseaitlC and
weapons grade fuel as
well.
South Africa's ra
tionale for refusing to
sign the NPT was set
forth in a secret
memorandum that was
leaked along with State
Department Africa
policy . documents in
May. "Threatened by
the USSR and its
associates and by certain
African countries with
Soviet support and en
couragement," the docu
ment stated, "South
Africa cannot in the in
terest of its own security
sign the NPT and set the
minds of its would-be-
balking, Pretoria did
agree to comply and
made delivery on August
30.
With these negotia
tions as precedent, and
against a backdrop of
more cordial bilateral
State Department of
ficials stress that in the'
May talks and subse
quent bilateral discus
sions, the U.S. has
resisted South African
pressure for relaxing
restrictions on nuclear
ties, the State Depart-, exports, and has main
ment is preparing to send Gained an insistence on
a team of diplomats and full scope safeguards,
experts to Valindaba, They say that President
South Africa's high- Francois Mitterand's
security pilot enrichment Socialist government in
f
I
Tax-Exempt
All Savers
Certificates
Mechanics & Farmers Bank has Tax-Exempt All Savers Certificates
Available Now I Visit any of our convenient Durham locations, and
we'll tell you more about Tax-Emempt All Savers Certificates,
because with us...
You're Somebody L J MECHANICS & FARMERS BANK
116 West Parrish Street
Looted Sutwideln:
615 Fayettevills street
'411 E. Chapel Hill Street
France is considering ap
proval of fuel exports for
Koeberg, "while we
hang tough on the
issue."
" But officials confirm
that the entire U.S. non
proliferation policy is
under review.
Among the statutory
measures being con
sidered by the ad
ministration is a request
to Congress to allow
selected nuclear exports
even if the recipient na
tions refuse to allow in
ternational inspection of
nuclear installations or
become producers of
atomic weapons.
Caucus Charges Reagan
With Racial Bias
failing to include a CBC
representative in the of-,;
ficial U.S.; Delegation to :
his funeral. - .. .
On Thursday, after
learning that no , black
government' represen
tative was scheduled to
go, the CBC contacted
the State Department to
inquire about American
Embassy arrangements
for a visiting con-.
gressman who might at
tend the ceremonies
unofficially. The CBC
was told that no embassy
staff would be available
to provide security,
housing or diplomatic
amenities to anyone not
a part of the delegation.
Congressman William
"Bill" Gray (D-PA),
vice chairman of the
CBC and chair of the
Foreign Affairs Task,
Force, called that deci
sion blatantly exclu
sionary. "I have never
heard of such a breech of
protocol before", he
said. "It is wholly im
proper for any branch of
'state' to refuse aid to a
visiting congressman or
government official."
Cairo.
v Congressman Walter
E.-Fauntroy (D-D,C.)t'
chairman of the Caucus,
said, "Mr. Sadat met
with the CBC during
each visit to the U.S. The
bond of mutual coopera
tion and understanding
was strong." He recalled
that during the last Sadat
visit on August 8, 1981,
. the Egyptian leader per
sonally invited the
Caucus to c,ome to Egypt
to see first hand the
country and its people.
"Quite frankly'!, Con
gressman Fauntroy said,
"it's incredible that both
our requests to be
represented on the
delegation and for em
bassy assistance would
be denied. The decisions
were shortsighted and
have serious repercus
sions." "There appears to be a
continuing failure to
utilize the talents and
resources of black
America in the develop
ment of foreign policy
and the representatives
of America generally and
World
The Congressional Black
Caucus recently called
the Reagan Administra-
tion program to interdict
Haitian boat people on
the.high seas a "flagrant
example of both an
ideologically and racially
biased refugee and
human rights."
Speaking on behalf of
the 18 members Caucus,
Chairman Walter E.
Fauntroy (D-D.C.) said
that the "new Hatian
policy coupled with the
alarming U.S. tilt toward
the racist government in
South Africa and. pur
-country ' QecisiorM Hd
eliminate the 'extended
voluntary departure'
program for Ethopian
nationals are all in
dicative of this ad
ministration's . total
disregard for the human
rights of black
refugees."
. Fauntroy said the U.S.
has developed a dual
refugee policy which has
different standards for
refugees fleeing black
nations compared with
refugees from the Soviet
Union and East Euro
pean Communist coun
tries. "Interdiction is enfor
cing Haitian laws which
makes it a crime to leave
Haiti without a visa from
the government. The
Haitian law is identical
to the exit requirements
in the Soviet Union. But
the U.S. has applied a
different standard in
dealing with, the Haitian
refugees,;', JauntrpM
said- "Haiti can- -no
longer claim a proud
heritage as the world's
first black republic
because of its corrupt
and represive
leadership."
Fauntroy said he
would urge the Caucus
country's refugee
policy."
1) Commission an in
dependent legal analysis
of the legal remedies -to
halt interdiction both
domestically and inter
nationally. . 2) Urge Congress to
hold hearings on the
human rights impact of
the interdiction policy.
3) Withdraw support
of human rights in
itiatives by Congres
sional colleagues who do
not support Caucus
human rights programs.
4) Reassess , Caucus
sufpot.tttj-ifor .ir the
reawthoriziatlon of the
-Refugee Act in 1 982.
The Caucus also said
the Haitian refugee
phenomen results from
political, social and
economic preassures and
that the U.S. should
develop a foreign policy
Grav
stated,
Sadat
lmpor-
to take the following, j0 influence Haiti toward
steps in response "to the adopting political and
continuing bias in our economic reform.
the Third
specifically."
Congressmen
and Fauntroy
"President
.understood the
tance of the CBC and its
role in world affairs."
Despite the Reagan Ad
ministration and Justice
Department "snub" of
the CBC request, the
Caucus in a tejegram to
the Egyptian Am
bassador Ashraf Ghor
bal, vowed "a continu
ing dialogue" around
issues of mutual con
cern. In a letter to Vice
President Hosni
Mubarak, the Caucus
reaffirmed its commit
ment to work with the
new Egyptian leadership
toward the goals of
peace and understanding
in the Middle East. Fur
ther, it sought to meet
with the new Egyptian
head of state on his
scheduled visit to this
country in. January,
1982.
Reward it with Touch Calling.
. It points. It poket. It scratches. And it doei a million other things you just take
for granted.
Do something nice in return. Give it a Touch Calling phone from General
icicyiKjnc. lasusr ana more mn to use man dial phones. (Not to mention more
efficient.) You can choose from a variety of styles and colors. And your finder
wiu aDsoiureiy aaore tne eitoruess calling.
All in all a really inexpensive way to express your gratitude
Touch Calling avaMabl In moat araat
iPHcna
AX