20 THE CAROLINA TIMES SAT., OCTOBER 31, 1981
NIGERIA
Sluggirig It Out Over Statehood
AN There was hardly
.time for toasting when
President Shehu Shagari
. celebrated the second an
niversary of Nigeria's
.return to civilian rulc
. earlier this month. More-
the current period of
falling demand for
petroleum, the country's
$J7 billion in projected
annual oil revenue con--stitutes
more than a
small bone of conten-
than at . any time since it . , tion. And it seems likely
top .office on Octobf .that Shagarfs handling
I, 1979. ShagariV Na
Uonar Party (NPN) ad
ministration now faces a
serious challenge from
' opposition parties, with
the 1983( election loom
ing as a worrisome pro
spect for the current
leadership.
Much of the conten
tion centers on two fun
damental issues: federal
revenue sharing with the
country's nineteen states
and the clamor for new
states in various parts of
the nation. Both of these
questions have troubled
every Nigerian ad
ministration since in
dependence in 1960, but
together they pose par
ticularly explosive pro
blems now.
For one thing, even in
of these matters will spell
either, .victory or disaster
for his party in the next
election.
- The Shagari ad
ministration spent a
good deal of time and
energy in the last two
years devising an accep
table formula for
revenue sharing. But,
after the government
battled to a compromise ,
in the National Assembly
on its revised revenue
allocation formula,
Nigeria's Supreme Court
scuttled the plan, on
grounds that the final
bargain was reached out
side the Assembly and
never received the formal
ratification of .both
houses.
With some 85 of
Nigeria's revenues com
ing from oil exports, the
oil-producing states not
surprisingly lobbied for a
bonus. In addition, op
position political parties
controlling some state
governments argued
strenuously that the
federal administration,
by taking too large a
share, was limiting the
influence of the states.
After months of hag
gling, the Shagari ad
ministration's ' com
promise proposal had of
fered to boost the alloca
tions to states from 21
to 26.5 cutting the
federal share from 76
to 58.5. The bill also '
allocated 5 to mineral
producing states and
10 directly to local
governments.
In the end, it was on
matters of procedure
that the court ruled
against Shagari 's legisla
tion, but the more
substantive issue of
federal vs. states' rights
continues to stir debate.
CONSOLIDATED REPORT OF CONDITION
Mechanics and Farmers Bank
DURHAM, RALEIGH, CHARLOTTE and WINSTON-SALEM, N. C.
In the State of North Carolina and Domestic Subsidiaries
at the close of business on September 30, 1981
ASSETS '
Cash and due from depository institutions $4,054,000.00
U.S. Treasury securities 2,293,000.00
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations 6,718.000.00
Obligations of States and political subdivisions in the United States . . . 4.488,000.00
Other bonds, notes, and debentures 14,000.00
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under
agreements to resell 2,100,000.00
a. Loans, Total (excluding unearned income) 27,645,000.00
b. Less: allowance for possible loan losses 327,000.00
c- Loans- Nef 27.318.000.00
Bank premises, furniture and fixtures, and other assets
representing bank premises 2.039,000.00
Real estate owned other than bank premises 334,000.00
Other assets 690.000.00
TOTAL ASSETS 50048. 00000
LIABILITIES
Demand deposits of individuals, partnerships,
and corporations 13.688.000.00
Time and savings deposits of individuals, partnerships.
and corporations .26,748.000.00
Deposits of United States Government 154,000.00
Deposits of States and political subdivisions in the United States 3,308.000.00
Certified and officers' checks 1 078 000 00
TOTAL DEPOSITS .WoOfXOO '
a.(1) Total demand deposits 16,187,000.00
a. (2) Total time and savings deposits 28,789,000.00
Mortgage indebtedness and liability
for capitalized leases 70,000.00
Other liabilities 506J0LQ0
.TOTAL LIABILITIES .45. 552,00 ,
Subordinated notes and debentures 100,000 00
EQUITY CAPITAL
Common stock
a. No. shares authorized 200.000 C
b. No. shares outstanding . .' 142,305
(par value) 712,000.00
Surplus....... 2,688.000.00 ;
Undivided profits 996 000 00
TOTAL EQUITY CAPITAL ' . TiTOjjo
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY CAPITAL 50.048.000.00
MEMORANDA
Amounts outstanding as of report date:
a. (1) Standby letters of credit, total ... 157,000.00
b. ; . Time certificates of deposit in denominations of
. $100,000 or more 3.054.000.00
Average for 30 calendar days (or calendar month) ending
with report date:
a. Cash and due from depository institutions 2,880,000.00 '
b. Federal funds sold and securities purchased
under agreements to resell . . . 3,198,000.00
c. Total loans 27,660.000.00
d. Time certificates of deposits in denominations
of $100,000 or more 2,883,000.00
e. Total deposits 43.912,000.00
. j
h. jTotal assets 50.290,000.00
Total deposits to the credit of the State of
North Carolina or any official thereof , 3.297,621 .39
I. the undersigned officer, do hereby declare that this Report of Condition (including
the supporting schedules) has been prepared in conformance with the instructions
issued by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and is true to the best of my '
knowledge and belief. , . '
! ' Lee Johnson. Jr., Vice President Comptroller
Oirectors:
J.J. Sansom, Jr. N
W. J. Kennedy, III .
Maceo K. Sloan
State of North Carolina. County of Durham, ss:
Sworn to and subscribed before me this 23rd day of October, 1981 and I hereby cer
tify that I am not an officer or director of this bank,
' I r- ; SheliaL. McGhee, Notary Public.
, , ' . My commission expires October 30, 1985.
Chief i-r Obafemi
Awolowb,' leader of the
United K prty (UPN),
which spearheaded . the
campaign i against,
. Shagari's allocation bill, '
has charged that the
government is crippling
the states that have pro
gressive, social and
economic ' programs.
Awolowo objects to both
the NPN stand on
revenue sharing and the
recent austerity measures
imposed because of fall
ing oil production.
The' government, in
response, has
characterized the plans
of some state govern
ments as "prodigal,"
and "tantamount to
fiscal irresponsibility."
Even while the alloca
tion controversy rages
on, Shagari's ad
ministration is becoming
embroiled in debate over
the creation of new
states, and it has set up a
commission to address
the issue. '
With a population of
over 80 million and hun
dreds of ethnic groups,
Nigeria has struggled
with the concept of state
divisions ever since the
civil war fought over
Biafran secession. The
military government in
power at that time
created 12 states out of
the country's three
regions, and the number
was later raised to 19.
But many Nigerians
still feel that certain state
boundaries make no
sense. Shagari's Com
mittee for the Creation
of States has already
received 38 .petitions,
bandwagons that may be
fueled m part by
Relocations
i Shagari's campaign pro
hiise that some "new
, established. J
' Writing in West Africa
r magazine, Dr,. David
Ruddell says: "The
government is now
presented with organized
political and popular
pressure on a scale, that
no other issue has arous
ed since the return , to
civilian rule. : And, this
being Nigeria, big finan
cial interests are backing j
many of the movements::
after all, the pickings in
ithe form of construction
supply and service con
tracts in the new states
will be far from chicken
feed."
"Ask any Nigerian
which are the obvioui
new states," Ruddell
continues, "and he will
probably mention i
potential new state to
come out of his home
state." ,
A number of experts,;
Ruddell included, believe
that the most likely out
come is approval for two
or three new states. As
yet, however, no one can :
discount the possibility
that Nigeria will totally
rethink the criteria for
statehood and carve out
as many as forty.
The sensitive problem
of statehood would be a
vexing issue for the
government in the best
of times, but Shagari
must tackle the issue in
circumstances of volatile
political tension. The
NPN has lost the
parliamentary alliance
with the NPP that gave it
a working majority
albeit slim in. the
legislature. And
Shagari's critics, the
UPN's Awolowo chief
among them, are taking
(Continued from Page 17) very opportunity to
, .. ,. harass the government.
Africa s Archipelago," One major row began
Christian Science with police raids on three
il0nM SePtember important Nigerian
n ' i newspapers and the ar-
Resettlement has both rests of their editors. A
urban and rural com- Lagos judge recently
ponents. Even though threw out of court the
the example of the retur-, charges against the
ning Cape Town squat- Nigerian Tribune and its
ters illustrates the dif- editors. But authorities
ficulty of enforcing some ar$ still preparing cases
aspects, of the policy, against the Daily Sketch
demographic expert Dr. and Daily Standard,
Charles Simkihs has which published articles
found that in certain alleging that the presi
respects, elocation has .dent attempted to btfber
proved successful. Com- number of opposition
pared with other coun- legislators,
tries, South Africa is Awolowo and his
"under-urbanized" by allies, particularly the
nearly ten per cent, he militant wing of the Peo
eshmates. One major pie's Redemption Pdrty
reason is the system of (prp), have expressed
influx control. Africans outraee at the nnhce ar-
VANCOVER B.C. A Ku Klux Klan member stands silhouetted against a
burning cross at a KKK cross burning ceremony. The cross burning took place
in south Vancouver and was raided by members of the Vancouver city police
who didn't make any arrests but confiscated two rifles. The burning look place -after
two rival Anti-Racist groups had a stick swinging riot in which a dozen
people were injured earlier in the day. UPI Photo
tioning my personal in- 1 1 nA innahlp ,rnntinA fm p
VII lllllwMI V yvvnunuvu ii viii v -
are required to carry
passes or in the case
of 'independent
homelands' residents,
passports showing
they have the legal right
to be in a white (usually
urban) area.
The 400,000 or so
Africans arrested each
year for pass law viola
tions often face deporta
tion to a rural reserve,
the same fate as the
residents of demolished
squatter townships. In
the reserves, where jobs
are extremely scarce,
these de-urbanized peo
ple are either left without
income or become com
muters, traveling for
work daily to the in
dustrialized centers .
Rural Africans are not
exempt from removal
either, however. Accor
ding to a study for the
Institute of Race Rela
tions by Gerhard Mare,
an estimated 337,000
residents of 'black spots'
land in white
designated areas which
had been legally acquired
by blacks before African
ownership was outlawed
in 1913 and 1936 have
been relocated in the last
three decades. With
agricultural mechaniza
tion and the abolition of
black tenancy on white
farms in the 1960s,
another 1.3 million
Africans have been
removed.
Although all the peo
ple forced out of white
areas are destined for
one of the ten ethnically
defined reserves, some
already residing in those
areas are being shifted as
well. Mare believes that
more than 300,000 per
sons who were in the
wrong ethnic area v
either because of long-?
standing living patterns
or . the freqient r-
drawing of boundaries
by South African
government planners ? I ?
have been relocated, and .
another one, million may pC
have to move before thej.? :
plan ii fujjy implemented.
tion. PRP radical
Balarabe Musa, the
former governor of
Kaduna State, accuses
the government of drif
ting toward "fascism,"
and his supporters have
been distributing posters
bearing that inscription
under a drawing of a
policeman trampling a
man.
Shagari has defended
the police in the matter
of' the newspaper raids,
on grounds that the
papers had been
publishing false and
malicious stories that
threatened law and
order. "You can call me
an idiot" or even a
bastard," Shagari subse
quently told journalists,
"But I would not
tolerate anybody ques-
tegnty.
In the wake of the
press dispute, Shagari
has also been attacked
for his handling of the
economy and for new
legislation proposing
guidelines for the. 1983
elections. In addition,
the NPN has had to fight
a lawsuit by its former
ally, the NPP, which
called on the courts to
, force, the resigaati)nr.4Qf
two -party members still
serving in the Shagari
Cabinet.
Although protests
against NPN policies
seems to be gathering
momentum, the opposi
tion parties have yet to
develop any solid coali
tion, something that
Chief Awolowo . is un
doubtedly working hard
to change.
NORTH MROTTnA
DURHAM COUNTY
Executrix Notice
Having qualified as Executrix of
the estate ol Minnie Savage,
deceased, this is to notify all pej
sons. firms and corporations having
claims againsl the estate of Minnie
Savage to present them lo the
undersigned within six months from
the date of the first publication of
this notice at 513 Coltax Street.
Durham. N. C. 27701 or same will
be pleaded in bar of their recovery.
All persons, firms or corporations in
debted lo said Minnie Savage,
please make immediate payment.
This 14th day of October, 1981.
Clara S. Wilson
Executrix ;
Estate of Minnie Savage
513 Colfax Street
Durham. North Carolina 27701
PUBLICATION DATES:
The Carolina Times
October 17. 24. 31. and
November 7. 1981
analysis of technological developments.
If our defense is inadequate to meet
what is publicized as a great new Soviet
threat, we should insist that taxes be in- .
creased for those better able to pay for the '
weapons being produced. If this were the
case, I believe that many of those yelling ,
for more and still more weapons would
change their tune. In other words, as long
as ordinary people continue to foot the
bill, while a few reap big profits, the
,Xuuy., the nuclear arms race is an un
winnable war and one for which the
American taxpayer is paying dearly.
UnitCd NatiOnS (Continued from Page 19)
courage this policy ana seek to follow the patterrt of H
the anti-Arab Camp David deal. 3
Peace and stability in the Middle East can be z
assured only through a comprehensive political set- r
tlement which would not infringe the rights of any
country or people of that region. Such a settlement
must envisage the withdrawal of Israeli troops from :
all Arab territories occupied in. 1967 and the cxer- z
cise of the national rights to establish their own
State. z
The Soviet Union consistently comes out in sup- z
port of the Arabs' rights and stands for the elimina- i
tion of the consequences of Israeli aggression. '-z
There is growing understanding that the path to a z
Middle East settlement lies through the convening
of an international conference with the participa- s
tion of all the parties concerned, including the
Palestine Liberation Organization (Pl.Q).' z
He also spoke of the non-aligned nations yet of- rj
fered little sustenance for their peoples.
(t must be noted at the time that Secretary Haig
and Foreign Minister Gromyko met afterwards n Z
New Yorkf for talks. Little headway was made; it
seems, aftemany hours of discussion.1.
But I am. compelled to say thank God for those
talks and may they continue. In the grasps of these S
two men and their States lies the destiny of this
'world. i ' -yx
-': 2
Nel Week: "President Moi of Kenva". I
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C MECHANICS & FARMERS BANK
116 West Parrish Street
615 fayetteville Street
411 E. Chapel Hill Street.
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