. ThU week I - want to applaud the -voters of :
; Washington, D.C.. . -: j
4 Voters' in this predominantly black city on r
I November 3 overwhelmingly rejected a tuition tax .-'
i credit proposal that would have allowed taxpayers , -to
take credit against their local income tax for
public and private school costs. Some ninety per
cent of those voting opposed the measure.
' If the proposal had been approved by District of
; Columbia voters and passed congressional and '
judicial scrutiny observers predicted that it :.
, would have spurred similar efforts in many cities .
with troubled school systems, as well as in Con
gress. " ' - '.
Senators Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D-NY), : ,
Robert Packwdod (R-OR), and William Roth
(R-DE) have introduced a tuition tax credit bill (S.
550) that would provide a tax credit to those parents
whose children are in elementary, secondary, col
lege or vocational educational institutions. This bill
calls for a $250 refundable credit in 1982. and a
, $500 refundable credit in 1983.
Similar, although not identical, measures are
pending before the House Ways and Means Com-
Haye you ever felt like you've been ripped off?
Maybe your landlord wouldn't give back your'
security deposit after you moved out. Or a TV
repair shop' wanted to charge you for work you
didn't ask for and wouldn't give back your TV
unless you paid, If something like this has happened
to you, small claims court may be the answer.
Small claims courts help people settle
disagreements over amounts of money or property
that are worth $1000 or less. Every county in North
Carolina has a small claims court. Small claims
court is part of the regular court system. It is dif
ferent; however, from higher courts because deci-;
sions are made quickly, the cost is low, and you
don't have to hire a lawyer. You can hire one if you
so desire. Taking a case to small claims court takes ,
about a month from start to finish- The judge in
A View From Capitol Hill: ; .
Tuition Tax Credits Would Take ;
Funds Away From Public Schools'- .' ; ;
- - - y , ? ' " ' By Gus Savage
'" - ' ', Member of Congress
mittce. More than twenty other tax credit bills have
been introduced, and President Reagan has promis
ed his own version of a tuition tax credit plan,
i My reasons for being opposed to tuition tax
credits are as follows: - , ,
First, I believe that public, monies should be used
to support public purposes; The concept of tuition
, tax credits represents a diversion of public monies
for private purposes, because of revenues that
would be lost to the U.S. Treasury. Among other
broad public purposes, Federal monies should be
used to improve the quality of public education.'
This would be much more difficult to accomplish if
the increasingly limited Federal resources are fur
ther constrained by diversion of funds to private
education. ' .
-' Second, passage of tuition tax credits legislation
would, worsertyhe already serious Federal budget
deficit that our nation faces. To this extent; then,
tuition tax credits are not consistent with President .
Reagan's stated goal of achieving a balanced
budget, V.
. Third, statistical studies indicate that tuition tax
credits Would mostly benefit families of students
who attend sectarian schools. This being the case, I
ani concerned that the Supreme Court -would most
likely find this legislation unconstitutional as viola
tion of the separation of Church-State doctrine.
.'
Plain Talk About The Law
Small Claims Court
By North State Legal Services
small claims court is called a magistrate.
We mentioned a few situations above where yoih
might use small claims court. Other situations
might include:
A business wants to sue someone who has not
paid a bill.
Stress Might Be Fatal To Your Health
America might be the obesity, says Dr. Har-:
land of opportunity, but ison. There are also
the stress of the competi- social problems related
tion for that opportunity to stress such as divorce,
might be killing you. broken homes, child
Americans live in "a . abuse as well as job-stress-ridden
culture," 1 related problems,
says Dr. Dorothy D.i Dr. Harrison, who is
Harrison, director of the' also an associate pro-
rplaxation and hlofeed. fessor in Howard's control center, Dr. Har
back Droaram at the. department of communi-- rison uses biofeedback,
patterns." When an in
dividual's stress level re
mains high over a long
period of time, that per
son may lose the ability
to relax, she adds.
During relaxation
training sessions at the
Howard hypertension
Howard University
Center for Hypertension
Control. With changing
ty health and family
practice, points out that
American blacks, as a
lifestyles, an increasingly group, experience more
competitive job market, , stress in their lives and
a rise in the number of have fewer avenues to
working mothers and escape from it than other
single parents, and ethnic groups,
economic stagnation, The major relief of
more people today are stress is relaxation. "The
suffering from stress- idea of relaxation," Dr.
related illnesses and Harrison notes, "runs
counter to the American
which is a way of elec
tronically feeding back
to individuals the actual
degree of tension that
they are experiencing. By
using auditory signals,
the biofeedback process
makes them become
aware of their tensions
and once aware they can
modify their stress, she
notes.
Another technique Dr.
Harrison practices at the
center is guarded im
agery, a method by
which an individual
relives another situation
that was relaxing.
She notes that some of
j (Continued on Page 16)
Someone pays in advance to have a furnace fixed
but not all the repairs paid for are done.
When the complaint and summons are filled in
correctly, the clerk will give your oase a file number
and write it on both papers. You must pay the clerk
a filing tee ot about iV in cash when you file the
complaint. If you win the case, this fee will be add
ed to what the defendant is supposed to pay you. If
you and the defendant settle your disagreement
before you get to court, you cannot get this money
back.
A copy of both the summons and the complaint
must be delivered to each person you are suing. You
can have these papers sent to the defendant either
by mail through the clerk's office or delivery by the
sheriff.
The second step in the small claims process is
preparing for the trial. You need to focus on two
things: One, you must prove how much you are ow
ed; and two, you must prove how the defendant is
responsible for what you are owed. Think carefully
about the evidence you must gather and witnesses
you may want to call. It's also a good idea to prac
tice what youre going to say before you go to
court. Keep your story sTiort and to the point. You
may also want to visit the small claims courtroom
so you know what to expect.
4'SAT., MSYEKSEI 23, 1231 THE CAHClirJlTU .13
. f The tuition tax credit scheme fits neatly into the
n Reagan philosophy of always benefkttnj the rich at
(the expense of the poor: Taking money from a
,l public, school Mb, a ghetto neighborhood and
- trans fering it to a private school In an affluent
- neighborhood Is in the same league as cutting the
; check of a welfare mother while decreasinf the
.taxes of a millionaire. . ?
After the Supreme Court's 1954 ruling against
segregated schools,' southern states engaged in
massive resistance to net arnnrut dMMmaiiiM Ium
.j schools. Enacting tuition tax credits would revive
; these efforts by making available more funds,
thereby providing a federal subsidy to violate the
,aw- '' . '1, -;;,v'vr..
As a matter of record, cities throughout the coun
try have shown their objections to carrying out the
. mandate of the High Court. Court-ordered busing
, is labeled "forced busing" in many areas as school
districts drag '-their feet and look for ways to get
.around the law.
I see no reason to give in or drop our guard just
because the scheme is now taking a different form.
The third step in the small claim process is the
trial itself. Make sure to get there about ten. minutes
early. Bring all papers and other evidence you will
use to prove your case. The Tirst thing the
magistrate will ask you and any witnesses (o do is to
swear or affirm that you will tell the truth. If you
are the plaintiff, you will tell your side of the story
first. Tell you story simply and truthfully and show
the magistrate any evidence you have. Do not fry to
act like a lawyer. Use your own words. The
magistrate may ask you some questions and then
the defendant or their lawyer may ask you ques
tions. Your witnesses' will have a chance lo speak
and may be asked questios, too.
Tell the magistrate if you do not want to answer a
question. Do not argue with the defendant.
After you have presented your case, the defen
dant will have a chance to speak. The magistrate
may ask the defendant or his witnesses some ques
tions. Then you may ask them questions.
The magistrate will decide the case after hearing
each side and . looking at all the evidence. The
magistrate may make a decision then or lake up to
ten days to consider some legal question. No more
evidence can be given after the trial. You can call or
go to the office of the Clerk or Superior Court later
to find out what the decision is. Be sure to have the
case file number with you. The magistrate will write
the decision on a paper called a "judgment." This
is a permanent record to be kept at the office of the
Clerk of Court.
If you are not satisfied with the decision, you
may appeal by filing a written notice with the clerk
, within ten days from the date on the judgment. You
' will have to pay $1 1 to appeal the case.
North State Legal Services offices have copies of
a handbook for those persons interested in filing
small claims actions. Contact North State Legal
Services for more information.
might not even know it. i
Stress Is' aHy 'deWaHd" etnic or n wwww wu
put on tlte'btidy? Ple-' relaxation Ka'wasr.,w'
sant as well as unplea- If stress is not reduc
sant situations can cause ed, the consequences are
stress. Fifty to eighty per heart disease, stroke and
cent of -all diseases have possibly cancer as well as
.stress at their roots, and other life-threatening
doctors say that increas- conditions, Dr. Harrison
ed stress is directly cor- emphasizes,
related to decreased life Most people do not
expectancy. know hbw to relax, she
Increasing numbers of says. Relaxation is not
Americans are suffering just sitting, sleeping or
from such stress-related the absence of work. "It
diseases as high blood is the complete letting go
pressure, alcoholism, of all tensions from the
gastric ulcers, hay fever, muscles and the release
migraine headaches and I of disturbing thought
Are You A Stress Seeker?
Rate yourself as to how you typically react in
each of the situations listed below: '
4-always 3-frequently 2-sometimes 1 -never
1 . Do yoi have a tendency to put things
off until the last moment and then frantically
work to get them done?
2. Do you thrive on situations in which
there is pressure, competition, tension or risk?
. 3. Do you find stress or tension has been
a driving force behind many of your major ac
complishments?
4; Do you feel exhilerated or energized
after accomplishing a difficult task or closing
an important business deal?
5. Do you enjoy novelty or challenge in
your work?
- 6. Do -you have a tendency to see
obstacles as challenges rather than headaches?
7. Are you constantly seeking ways to
pr 1 fif
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8. In
yourself as a
avoider?
general, would you classify
risk taker rather than a risk
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9. Are you willing to give up job securi
ty for job challenge?
10. Are' you able to "come down"
physically or emotionally a few hours after a
tension-producing event?
.11. Do you seek action-oriented vaca
tions?
12. n your leisure time do you puruse
activities in which there is a certain amount of
danger or risk? (sky diving, rock climbing)
. Total
12 or under: person who seek; security and
cannot tolerate stress; 13-32: balanced person;
33-39: borderline stress seeker; 40 or morer a
true stress seeker and someone who enjoys
stress although It may be detrimental.
Persons scoring in the last two categories
need attention to control stress.
k V " V" V ' V V 1
L .21.
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