4 THE CAROLINA TIKES ' SAT., JANUARY Z3. laa
-United Nations
The New UM Secretary General, Black America and The Third World
' -4 Dy Curtis T. Perkins . - 1 . ; ' r
As a black American, my appreciation for the
United Nations grows. As I get to see and unders-l
tand its intricacies, my admiration for this world
forum of democracy flourishes. There are
.achievements, hopes and efforts here which exist
no where else, yet failures and set backs abound'
also on a daily basis in tnis gleaming ciiaaei on new
York City's East River. r
For, out of my concept of survival along with my
many fnends throughout our united Mates, i snare
this strange perception that we black Americans
mav have to look and to to this United Nations one
day to plead our case for existence. Slowly the ultra-f
I . 1 1 . J I .i:!An fnHflliM I :
conservatives nign anu iuw icugiuus iohoum,
bigots and the "meanies" of our country have giveni
the Reagan crowd a license to slowly garrot;
American blacks to total powerlesshess. Our smil-i
. ing, affable, ex-Hollywood President Ronald:
Reagan is the tool for these sinister forces who have'
schemed for years to execute the demise of the,
American egalitarian ideal. They are on their way in,
a deliberate and highly articulate course Their suc
cesses grow each day. !
Therefore, the top leader at the United! Nations
should be of the most consequential value for black
America.
Javier Perez de Cuellar of Peru is the new
Secretary General of the UN. He began work,
January 1. I saw him on thevjob at the Security)
Council for the last few days as Syria's complaint of
Israel's annexation of the Golan Heights is debated.
Let's take a brief glance at the history of the per-,
sonalities who have occupied this pretigious post
and look at Mr. Perez de Cuellar.
Twenty years ago, upon the tragic death of the
Jate Dag Hammarskjold in an air crash over Africa,
w V.
yW 'i i, i L. uu!' J jut
" 1 v
FRANK O. OBDULAH, Ambassador of
Trinidad and Tobago, is chairman of the Special
Committee on Decolonization. His Committee is
fighting the racist policies of South Africa.
into closed sessions. Each day, hundreds of
newsmen waited anxiously, outside the Cduncil
chambers. Eventually, it was announced that the
Security Council had chosen the fifth Secretary
General of the UN, a surprise "dark horse"; a com
promise candidate, Javier Perez de Cuellar of Peru, .
. South America. .
Peru happens to be listed among the group ef
more than 100 developing nations. This made the
new Secretary General also the second UN chief to
come from those countries referred to as the "Third
World".
To many at the UN and in world diplomatic
circles, Javier Perez de Cuellar is no stranger. His
elevation to the number one post in the world's
most powerful and prestigious international
organization climaxed a long, brilliant and produc-.
tive career.-Mr. Perez de Cuellar came to this posi
i tion . with an enviable record of 42 years of
meritorius service as a lawyer, diplomat and skilled
negotiator.; ' ,
He first joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at
his home, Lima, Peru, in 1940. In 1944, he began
'his first assignment in the foreign service of his
country. He served as Secretary;, in the Peruvian
Embassies in France, United Kingdom,, Bolivia and
Brazil. He was also Counsellor at the. Embassy in
Brazilia.. : .;.,.,
In 1961, he returned to the rank of Ambassador.
He was then assigned to Successive posts as Am
bassador in Switzerland, Venezuela, Soviet Union,
Poland and also became Peruvian Ambassador to
DR. CLOVIS MAKSOUD, Ambassador, League " uniieanauons in .new rone . .
of Arab States to the UN: Dr. Maksoud seeks Perez de Cuellar has : held positions of '
respeclfor and return of Arab lands by Israel and uHSr JT"1. tw umtca, atiohs. , me
greater role for the PLO in all matters involving the hi$hst h assignment as Under Secretary
paiiinian n-ftni-: Th . nA.ai ! for Special Political Affairs, May 3 1 , 1981. Mr.
- .......... r l "" ,r-" v J wmmw T- A r....il ti. .. j.j r r
his successor. Hammarsk told . t he UN's second
Secretary General,' and also his predecessor, Trygve
Lie, were both Scandinavians. This time the nod
went to an Asian, U. Thant of Burma, who became
EDEM KOJO of Togo is Secretary General of the
Organization of African Unity (OAU). Most of
Africa is underdeveloped. KoJo sees new Secretary
General, if dedicated to change, as being helpful to
Africa.
ficial representative of the Namibian , people.
Augustus. F, Calne of Liberia is executive director
of the Commission of Namibia. Mr. Caine has an
excellent record for hard work and ' directness.
These, three distinguished Africans will be pushing
the Secretary General on this vital matter the
issue of Freedom for Namibia. It has the highest
priority of the OAU which is chaired by Kenya's
President Daniel Arap Moi. Ambassador Charles
Gatere Maina of Kenya represents his President
here on this and other matters at the UN. H.E.
Oumarou Garba Youssoufou of Chad is the chief
spokesman and representative of the OAU at .the
UN. . , -"
Ambassador Massamba Sarre of Senegal
chairs the UN Committee on the Inalianable Rights
of the Palestinian People. Mr. Sarre knows that the
Palestinians must have their own homeland. He
, sees no peace unless this matter is honored by Israel
and her supporters. Zehdi Labib Terzi, with Hasan
A. Abdel Rahman, run the Palestine Liberation
Organizaton at the UN. They are true persuasive
spokesmen for their cause and have won friends for
the PLG both inside and outside the UN. The PLO
is authorized by the UN as the sole representatives
of the Palestinian people.
The UN Committee Against Apartheid has Dr.
Alhaji Yusuff Maitama-Sule as its UN Chief
Representative of Nigeria to the UN as chairman.
Ambassador Sule whose country is the largest in
Africa, states time and time again that South Africa
must cease its racist policies as world peace is in the
balance. He is ably assisted against South African
policies by Dr. O.O. Fafowora, his deputy.
Algeria has been credited with freeing the
American hostages in Iran. One of the architects of
this accomplishment is Mohammed Bedjaoui the
now
ha-,
and
creative mind washed with pragmatism blames
many world problems on the disparity between the
poor countries and the industrialized West. He per
sists in a dialogue between the two. He is dedicating
: ' Arib conflict has made the duties of Dr. Clovis
Maksoud, Ambassador of the - League of Arab
' States, an almost impossible task. But Dr. Maksoud
i has been able to get along well with the individual
i conflict with Israel in a lucid and effective manner
i at the many meetings of the UN Security Council on'
resolutions against Israel. Marwan Kanafani directs
, the Arab Information Center with excellent results.
" Dr. Anis Moh'd . BarghoutLis counsellor "Jo Drf
Maksoud. Together, these threeArabs have won
many world diplomats to their cause. They have
,aiso maae iremenaous progress mr iuici
:. understanding of Arabs in the United States. The
, Secretary General will have to devote a good deal of
time to Arab matters. Dr. Maksoud sees solutions
with dedicated UN implementations of the resolu
- tions already passed; Mrfj-,-,l?
Ambassador Frank Owen Abdulah of Trinidad
and Tobago to the UN is chairman of the UN Com
mittee on Colonialism. Mr. Abdulah, who was, a
protege of Sir Eric Williams, the deceased Prime
Minister of Trinidad and. Tobago, see colonialism
in other forms although most nations are free from
its yoke This Trinidad diplomat and his committee
will be monitoring these trends and will keep the
new Secretary General informed.
Other Urgent Matters
Secretary Oeneral Perez de Cuellar has a tur
bulent world swirling around him. Although the
.challenges listed above have strong and respected
leadership on the vital problems of concern for all,
the Secretary General has other demanding ques
tions which he must attend:
There are the Russians in Afghanistan, the
African refugee problem; conflict between Ethiopia
and Somalia,, hungver, the Law of the Sea agree-
1
UN. In this capacity he also went into the crisis bet
ween Pakistan and Afghanistan to continue discus
sions which the Secretary General Kurt Waldheim
Sen S SdS ' 6 nrSl ,r0ni lM ' He. is a former professor of Diplomatic Law at - fjsenergies to a "new economic order" through the
As 1981 drew to a close, once again the UN faced. SSSSLS6SSTa a!,d1Pr?fessor
the job of electing a new leader, this time the fifth ifPL h ? S a 5",atl0n,S ftt A' Uf
SecretarV'. Geheral. and thefirst. fromCthe', then Pera. He is also author of Mawwe de
emerging third Wotjd. As the procedure got under ; ft ho DlPtomatico (Manual of International
way in the fourth quarter of '81, the Security Coun- r? ' . ,, . ' . " L
dl was forced into an unprecedented seventeen S L or?."l.Llma' the capital
. . - v- .. .. . in rrrn . innnarv; j i - iw r t-t ic marnAn r c tma
UN mechanism. A pleasant man, this Algerian can
be a tough and persistent negotiator and the
Secretary General will be compelled to give his ob
jective support.
Israeli intransigence and aggression and intra-
DR. MOHAMED BEDJAOUI, Ambassador o4
Algeria to the UN, He is chairman of Group 71
which is seeking talks leading to new economic
balance between underdeveloped countries and in
dustrialized nations. Economic growth of the.ThM
World is considered essential to peace.
ment, nuclear proliferation, disarmament, com
munications for the Third World, aid to the
underdeveloped, the sharing of technology, UN
military peace missions, energy, the elderly,
children, women, the freedom movement of South
Africa and the Spanish Sahara, etc. All of these are
taxing and time consuming and the Secretary
General will need the unstinted good will of his over
154 constituencies.
(Continued on Page 8)
ballots. Even from the first ballot all hopefuls had
conceded that the contest was between the incum
bent, Kurt Waldheim, seeking a third five-year term
and .the younger African Foreign Minister of Tan
zania and former President of the General
Assembly, Salim Ahmed Salim.
However, from the first ballot on through ballot
number 16, China held a veto Over Waldheim. At
the same time, the United States consistently vetoed
Salim.,'?; ,
UN rules say that no candidate's name can go
forward to the General Assembly for approval if
there is single veto. Also each candidate must
receive at least nine votes in the Security Council
which is the first stage of the election for Secretary
General
Eventually, it was clear that China and the
United States would not withdraw their vetoes, the
deadlock was irreconcilable. President of : the
Security-Cduncil for the month of December was
the brilliant 31 year old Ambassador from Uganda,
Olara Otunnu. At this point, he strongly urged both
men to withdraw and open the race to others. First,
Waldheim agreed to Ambassador Otunnu 's design,
then five days later, Salim announced his
withdrawal. Both contestants informed the Council
that they would be willing to return to the contest if
asked to do so.
Within a matter of a few days, a new list of can
former Ms. Marcela Temple and has two children.
The Magnanimity of Africa '
Toward Mr. Perez de Cuellar
It must be understood that Africa took the loss of
its candidate, Salim A. Salim, for Secretary General
with a sense of frustration. But when their cause
evaporated because of American racism and Soviet
opportunism, they accepted their loss with grace.
The pledge of all of Africa to the success of Mr.
Perez de Cuellar is unanimous "
The Arabs and the Africa Third World know that
they must look to the UN and this Peruvian
Secretary General for the resolution of aggression
against them and for the economic guidance and
salvation of their urgent needs.
What Mr. Perez de Cuellar Faces For Now
An array of diplomats head special committees,
commissions at the UN. As Mr. Pere2 de Cuellar
seeks their advice in his consultations, he will face
these determined and capable personalities who
want to see progress made in their areas of UN '
responsibility in 1982:
Ambassador Paul Lusaka of Zambia is chair
man of the Commission of Namibia. He feels in
dependence for Namibia (a UN mandate) from
racist South Africa roust be achieved soon. Theo
Ben Giirirab of Namibia is the Permanent Observer
of the South West Africa's People's Organization.
didates had come forth as the Security Council went syiAPO na bcci designated by the UN as the of-
AMBASSADOR PAUL LUSAKA of Zambia is
chairman of the UN Commission for Namibia. The
Secretary General will be pushed to help free this
UN Mandate from racist South Africa.
AMBASSADOR MASSAMBA SARRE of
Senegal is chairman of the UN Committee on the.
Inalienable Rights of the, Palestinian People. He
works very closely with the PLO Representative at
the UN and Arabs and other involved in this urgent
question.- . ' -
AGE
NOW
SINGLE
PERSON
At 65
' Noyv, more people than ever before can retire with a
fortune. And they can do it without investing a fortune.
With the new tax laws,noweven people who have a
retirement plan where they work
can have one where they bank.
Theatoo,you can invest a lot
more - up to $2,000 a year of your
salary or wages.
Whats more, with our IRA
you get a two-way tax break.
i Every year, all contributions
toyourfflAaretax-odudible.
L-ater.even thouA thi rw
taxes when you retire and start witrKbwing horn your
IRA, you'll probably be in a much lower tax bracket.
So take a look at the chart.Then come'see us and
lets talk over your particular situation. . H
V7I . ' HI 1 11 . 1 1 A t.
wnarever it is, we n ao au we can to neip out.Arter
SignUpNovvRir
TheNewNCNBIRA.
WORKING
COUPLE
AT 65
$1,216,000 $2:432.000
654.000
348.000
181.500
91.000
41.500
30
. 35
40
45
50
55
1.308.000
696.000
363.000
' 182.000
83.000
The sooner you start the richer you gd.
all,at NLINb wed like to see everyone KjOeI
all over the ndghborhood retire nch. LvSLoczJ
fiW on a working caupkh t40O0(a tinglt ptnont $2000) onnualJmakiM fa farfiytiwal mt annual Weal
efthlrialam.oploa
SIOO.OOObyFDIC