Newspapers / The Carolina Times (Durham, … / Nov. 20, 1982, edition 1 / Page 10
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There is hope and ion of mystical trip on world leaders here at the United Nations. At this 37th meeting of the General Assembly some of the countries of the world have sent their heads of state, and certainly their foreign ministers, in most instances. This is proof of their faith in this body as the con flicts in so many vises beset them all. While I am fascinated by the op timism of many of these dedicated diplomats, I am also deeply disturb ed by the negative outlook of an outspoken few. To come to New York is both a privilege and an honor for the high and mighty as well as for the little low rung attache getting his first ex perience on this world stage. I watch the first time Africans especially, in their U.S.-purchased wardrobes for the occasion. Tags and creases often betray the newnesr of their clothing. They welcome any glance, nod or hello eagerly. I try to speak to most, inquire where they are from or how they enjoy New York. Often their French may floor me, but being a demanding American on language, I steer the conversation to English. Of course, I observe and talk with the Arabs, the Caribbeans and representatives of the Island States from the South Pacific and the Asians as well. I pass up the West Europeans and many other white-led delegates for they have the media on their side and as I have sworn my oath to espouse those of the Third World. The 150 plus nations with membership in the United Nations have their special groupings which meet in their own collective self interest to cope with the United Na tions agenda and to effect strategy for their region or cause. The per manent representatives reserve the major meetings for themselves or their deputies and counselors. The lower officials work with the various committees of which there are several. Some have numbers, others just designated names which are referred to by letters. It is mind boggling to me to be on top of all these committees. But the United Nations is a huge movement tackl ing a myriad of concerns and pro blems. It must accommodate com pelling reality and fancied notions almost simultaneously. More are noteworthy patterns which time has rendered practical and are tradi tional. The big powers draw a full house. When the United States Secretary Of State, George Schultz, spoke recent ly, the delegates newsmen paid at tention. Russia's Andrei Gromyko ran neck and . neck with our American spokesman. China had an equal turnout when its Foreign J Minister, Huang Hua, addressed the Assembly, Pragmatism dictates that need the support of the multilateral financial institutions if this gap is to be bridged. We therefore view with some concern the decision of the World Bank to adopt a variable in terest rate policy and to introduce a ' front-end lending fee which will make project financing much more difficult and painful. Without lower and more stable interest rates; in-, itiatives designed to encourage in vestment in the Caribbean will not be meaningful." - Moustapha Niasse, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Senegal. West Africa. ON AFGHANISTAN: "With regard to Afghanistan, my country has been following with sustained interest the efforts made by the United Nations Secretary General to achieve an acceptable solution to this problem in the true interesfof this sorely tried brother people. We remain ready, in the name of solidarity among nations and the principles contained in the Charter, to contribute to these peace efforts within ' the limits of our modest possibilities, convinced vas we are that a stubborn desire to find a solu tion by force will simply pointlessly prolong the tragedy of the people of Afghanistan and serve only to in crease tension among the States oi the region." ON PALESTINE, PLO, LEBANON: "As it hails the courage and determination with which the . valiant Palestinian patriots continue to resist the repeated assaults of the Israeli ag gressor! my country, Senegal, wishes solemnly to reaffirm here its " constant and unswerving support of the Palestinian cause, under the guidance of its genuine legitimate representative, the PLO, courageously led by Yasser Arafat, tj whom I wish here, on behalf of my country, to pay a heartfelt tribute for the admirable and vic torious way in which for several weeks he organized the heroic Palestinian . resistance in West Beirut. To that I add the support of the Senegalese people for the brother people of Lebanon which, through its dignity and spirit of self sacrifice, is providing the world a living example of its genius and capacity for survival... "The committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People, over which my country has the honor to preside, long ago outlined the framework for a just and comprehensive solution of the Middle East question.' Sheikh Sabab Al- ad Al Jaber Al-Sabah, Dep Prime . Minister and Minister . Foreign Affairs, Kuwait, Persian (Julf. IRAN-IRAQ CONFLICT: "Kuwait views with great concern the 1 ongoing war between two i . - V : UmJ & mil ii-tttitrmmi. Black , Americans Must Take :AA By Curtis T. 'ei the little and underdeveloped states Unii.m n.i.ku,, i, ,i i, know .the positions of the United whicn nas e&austk QvW a nerind States, the Soviet Union, and the Republic of China, for these are the powerful who influence their almost total existence. The Third world countries can only expect their friends to be in their seats when their turn comes. However, even the smallest, poorest and least influential may pour out words of wisdom and determination in concert with others of their kind. Strangely enough, the delegates, ex cept for their friends and the big powers, move in 'and out of the chamber at will. From the least powerful, I herewith take the liberty to quote many of them as they assailed those .who disrespect the Umted Nations; of more than two years, the great potential of their human and economic resources and has exposed the area more than ever before to the possibility of intervention by foreign powers attempting to im pose their hegemony and their in fluence and to interfer in the area's internal affairs. "Kuwait commends the positive initiative of fraternal Iraq concern ing the withdrawal of its forces to the international borders and the cessation of hostilities. It views this as an honest and genuine contribu tion on the part of Iraq to put a , quick end to the war. We are still hopeful that neighboring Moslem MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA: peace. Their status comprises over four-fifths of the United Nations: ? THEIR WORDS Akakpo-Ahianyo, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Togo, West Africa. NAMIBIA: K "By its dilatory maneuvers, Pretoria : is doing everything to hold up Namibia's in dependence. Using the impunity it enjoys, the Government of South Africa is bent on systematically destroying the already fragile in frastructures of the independent countries of southern Africa." THE PLO: "The n Palestine Liberation Organization, the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people, in commiting itself behind its leader Yasser Arafat to the realistic process of peace, will once again furnish proof of its maturity and acute sense of its responsibilities." dad Essebsi, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Tunisia, North Africa. NEW ECONOMIC ORDER: The steady deterioration of the "The Middle East is plagued by an aggressive and racist Zionist regime, while" the , African I continent is plagued by a similar racist regime that is still being imposed on the people ot south Africa and Namibi despite all the mternation to find a just and honorable snlu tion to their problems." NAMIBIA-APARTHEID: "Kuwait reiterates its support and 'solidarity with the people of Namibia in their just struggle and with the black majority in South Africa as it struggles against the policies of discrimination and apar theid being pursued by the white minority in that country. We salute and support the front-line States and the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) for their political perseverance in attempting to find a peaceful settlement to the -problem of Namibia. We also con. demn the perverted methods used by the racist regime in South Africa in that the Falklands is a colony of Bri- tain." : . . .- - ON NAMIBIA: "My country, one of the front-line States border ing on Namibia, continues to call for the immediate implementation of Security Council Resolution 435 (1978) as the generally accepted peaceful means of ensuring the at tainment of independence by that United Nations Territory. Negotia tions relating to outstanding issues relevant to that resolution have been successfully concluded. The process leading to the liberation of Namibia should be unhindered. My country looks forward with the most fervent hopes of seeing a liberated, free, in dependent and sovereign Namibia assume its rightful place in this Assembly at its 38th session..: "But the accession of Namibia to independence will not in itself bring peace to the southern African region as long as apartheid and racism con tinue to be the fundamental tenets of South Africa's philosophy oi government... "Our undying refrain is the conti nuing call urging South Africa to engage in meaningful dialogue with the recognized leaders of all th 1 citizens of that country and to work out a solution acceptable to all." Jose Lopez Portillo, President of Mexico. t SUPPORT FOR THE UNITED NATIONS: "Mexico has always been active in and committed to the United Nations, not with the idea that it may be the last resort for the prevention of total destruction but because it is the best means available : to us to halt the process that could lead to such an outcome... : "This makes it essential to bring together the two fundamental areas of negotiation for which the world is waiting: that which will lead to detente between the two super-, powers and that which will reorganize relationships among countries with different levels of ; development. The two conflicts, " between East and West and North and South, have, we would repeat, crucified. all mankind. Only through a convergence of both areas of negotiations-can there be established a new international order, one that ', includes the process of political, decolonization and the, fundamental challenge facing international socie-ij ty ' " economic 'decolonization, Both types of decolonization are mutations attesting to the most pro found potential of human being the attainment of his own dignity." NEW ECONOMIC ORDER: "But Mexico's most constant con cern and task in the international sphere is the transition' to a new economic order. ; 7 ' "We have stressed that the entire gamut of economic relations bet ween the developing countries and the industrialized world must be transformed. Those relations have figured on the agendas of many in ternational conferences, but the progress made has not been par ticularly encouraging. It was therefore our thought to convene a summit meeting of the main in dustrialized countries and a representative number of develop ing nations. The idea was for Heads of State and Governmentrather than negotiating topic by topic, to show their firm political will to take ajmalkativeryTtgnlficant step in the stalled negotiations by acknowledg ing the need to seek thjs essential new order." ENERGY AND OIL: "The world energy plan is still a good method for the achievement of the New In ternational Economic Order. "Even during the present crisis Venezuela and Mexico have moved forward and set an example by reaf firming and renewing the San Jose Agreement to help the countries of ' Central America and the Caribbean by guaranteeing their supplies of oil and by creating soft loan funds for their development. The $700 million that Mexico alone has earmarked to date for that purpose is granted un conditionally and without distinc tion and equals the amount that the United States plans to allocate for the same region." Paulo Teixeira Jorge, Minister for External Relations, Angola, Southern Africa. CUBAN TROOPS: cupation for more than a year of a part of the territory of Angola by the racist and, fascist South African troops. What moral can be drawn from that? : . ' "And yet, in the course of these last nine months, the South African army has carried out 580 recon naissance flights, 18 air bombard ments, 96 landings of troops from helicopters and several sabotage and reprisal actions against the civilian population. The Angolan armed forces have suffered 31 dead, 65 wounded and 38 missing, while the enemy forces have suffered 39 dead. Seven South African aircraft and three helicopters have been shot down... V "...in the course of these last three months, American represen tatives in the contact group have ' been making a very special effort to spread optimism about the results already achieved in the negotiations .that have been going on in New - York since the month of June. In fact, that is a false and ill intentioned optimism. It is false, because the electoral system has not yet been defined, the final composi tion of the United Nations forces not yet decided, and the cease-fire between the South West Arrica Peo ple's Organization (SWAPO) and the Pretoria regime, which will con stitute the essential point of depar ture for the implementation of the United Nations plan, in accordance 4 with Security Council Resolution 435 (1978) seem to us to be far from - i . i uj T . ;ti : oeing anticipated or applied . u is m intentioned in that the American Administration has started a maneuver to attribute to the people's Republic of Angola " responsibility for the delay of, or I even for preventing, a swift and ade quate solution of the process of in dependence for Namibia owing to the position of the Government of Angola regarding linkage and the .(withdrawal of the Cuban interna tionalist forces. In point of fact, this, maneuver constitutes an escape hatch for those who are or will be' the ones really responsible for such a situation. "May I be allowed to remind this Assembly of the enormous sacrifices which the heroic people of Angola -have already made and the extreme- ,J , lv :hich nrtee it fs ' n'avinff" in' thousands of lost human lives and material damage amounting to more than $7.5 billion." U REGRADING OAU: "With regard to the temporary difficulties now being experienced by the Organization of African Unity, we consider that any problems that might affect us should be discussed by us alone,, within our continental organization, and without any in terference from outside Africa, as has been noted. The fact that the 38th regular session of the Council of Ministers and the 19th OAU sum mit at Tripoli were obstructed is a part of the strategy of American im perialism and some of its allies aim ed at subjugating or paralyzing in ternational bodies which play an ac tive role in the struggle for the political and . economic ' in dependence of peoples. We are aboslutely convinced that this , monetary crisis will soon be over come." SEVEN YEARS OF SACRIFICE: "Next month the Angolan people will celebrate the seventh anniversary of the pro clamation of the People's Republic of Angola, under the dynamic and v , visionary leadership of Comrade Jose Eduardo Dos Santos, president of the MPLA-Labor Party and President of the Republic. Impor tant results have already been achieved in consolidating the Angolan revolutionary process, in setting up the structures of the par ty, in strengthening national unity and defense and in laying the foun dations for a socialist society in the People s Republic of Angola. Un munity expects" this Organization to exert and the positive role that it can play in this respect will Mad to con crete progress which will protect humanity from the danger to which ; it is exposed and spare the develop ing countries the conflicts and strug gles for influence that have become a danger to humanity in general." INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER: "One of the important goals of our contem porary world and for the future is the establishment of a new and more equitable international economic order which will meet the aspira tions of the peoples of the world to . , higher standards of living and a bet ter life. In order to establish such a system, we must grapple with the many important economic subjects that demand our attention." AFGHANISTAN: "One of the important questions facing the .in ternational community and requir ing an effective, urgent solution, is that of Afghanistan. The continued , interference in the internal affairs of Afghanistan constitutes a tiagrant violation by a super-power of the sovereignty and independence of a smallj non-aligned country. Today, after almost three years of Soviet in- the inalienable right of the Palesti nian people to self-determination and to establish a State on its own territory and under the leadership of the Palestine Liberation Organiza tion, its sole legitimate represen tative. This is in accordance with the principles of right and justice and the resolutions of the.United Na tions. Thus, at a time when the Arab nation reaffirms by its resolutions of Fez its will to establish peace bas ed on justice, Israel proves, through its conduct, that it does not wish, peace but rather seeks more expan sion and more occupation of ter ritory. It has become crystal clear that Israel is not the party that seeks security. Those who look forward to security are the Arabs." Lameck H.K. Goma, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Zambia, Southern Africa. ON CYPRUS: "We ;emain steadfast in support of the in dependence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-aligned status of the Republic of Cyprus. We call for meaningful progress in the inter communal talks and for an early agreement on the withdrawal of foreign forces from Cyprus." GLOBAL . NEGOTIATIONS: 'YOU or tela ire: :piri lion M lo tl 10 i igri the i tiva ore i nas (ivil i if c: ion sra em; , ew: Gen unn beac t is 'ere fyra iflie idm SI CE1 Cert Kssi ecti CEUTA MElllLA ,Tuni eumu-ar Bissau Freetown! SCMAtEOM Monrovia jrr 7 niwsi 0i 4 aigmma J eiaiobK. . WESTERN V SAHARA J . V. UPKRVOLTA I NtGCR J I Qugadougou jl MALI Cwiamay j Bamako T V? YtL, r-V I M S n ronoiwvo v i i ... r i yse'At: COAST raMAMal.f i . A 1 - I M r. MM vt - " ' w J m r ....... i " V TOG 1 itg-i WUMtKUON 1 1 Bar 'fv ' torn. ft - tOUATOIWAl6UlfAC f -L!l 7 Malabo f J Cj . SAO TOME jFibravlllaV I . WUNCW CABOM j . cONG0 I ALuinda J AK NAatt I Wind terference in Afghanistan coupl ed with continuous acts of aggres sion against the Afghan people, against mosques and peaceful villages, bombardment with incen diary bombs, the use of chemical warfare, and violations of the most elementary principles of human rights we once again urge the Soviet : Union to withdraw .from Afghanistan so that the fraternal Alshiin (vnno maw Mnain ita fortunately, however, the Angolan - f.wHnm nH inA h Government has had to devote most the final sav in th rhnW rtf u. It is its attempts to obstruct a nearefni ZZr .vhIJVi i r-ettlem1 t0 that Problm. Kuwait economic conditions of the develop- wnnw flkn nro thw...- "r811 ing countries does not seem to be of tT thl gtSfCStern natl0ns r..u .l. to. exert the utmost oressiiro m countries, which claiming domestic ' foree. & respond positively to international change and oppose reform JSiJI:? fittingJ that at the "...Urgent change is nonetheless Ki S?.. thc Sltuatwn e of the month of August 1981, at greatly needed in order to restruc J fJSSdMn iJsut a lunJ t0 Vth! rcigfl Press ture international economic rela- tAiitS accredited in South Africa, and at tions on the bases of justice, equity Botswana Ajnca, tne very moment when a large-scale and sovereign equaUty. in accor- " - aggression was being perpetrated THR FAT VT ANITi!. "Tfc. -,8un v inc reopic S KepUDllC Ot tion Of dance with the objectives of the New International Economic Order." ' Basil Ince, Minister for External Affairs, Trinidad and Tobago (The Caribbean) . "FORTHE CARIBBEAN the past year has been particularly dif ficult. Not only did the recession continue to decrease the demand for tourism, the primary source of 'foreign exchange for many coun tries, but the major exports ' a . t a sugar, petroleum, oauxiteaiumina and bananas or declining markets -rv . against the People's Republic of Ine POSl- Anonla tVim Cn..k A .S.. n; - my country regarding the r"!"".11""1." rfc Falklands crisis has already been rZm r.nrfA l.l c ltiZ made dear. It. does M l'lS? reiterate it here. Botswana does not JE' Afn J0? aaeptmeuseofarmedinterventbn SJ2A,!5hd,1Wi,.0f to enforce territorial claims. Our S?K g?la aS,a ?nor $T ' Argentina was therefore without Sffi5 f.. , prejudice to the merits or otherwise Ki5S .fr 11 1 Pm hul of ts claim. We do not reg Jd the ff1!?' a certaJn .numbw of c-iw-. . i J.5 l7J!r? mose who exoress their concern a .m9 wihihisi pan oi uri- -hnnt th- nr.;,. "u:7" . .. .... uivovuvv Ul Ml VUUOIl IU- forces in the Peoolc's Angola show no such concern in respect of the illegal oc- eum, oauxiieaium na tain, some 8,000 miles away. Such a - also feced softening concept t0 tnc tapoiilto'SSHiy aarkcts:Theyw1U of byone tes our view is SSS ' of its human and material resources to the defense of its national sovereignty and territorial integrity, because of the continuous acts of aggression by the racist and fascist regime of Pretoria. This has serious ly affected the economic and social development we had planned, but if we are to attain that paramount goal, the undeclared war against us must be brought to an end. We need peace, and we dare to hope that that peace so fervently desired by the Angolan people will be attained in the coming year. -"The struggle continues. Victory is certain." Sheikh Arabia. - 1 , . ARMS RACE: "The arms race and the magnitude of the resulting expenditure has increased tension in the world, and that has forced many countries, and the developing coun tries in particular, to devote a great portion of their limited resources to defensft, at the expense of their pro gress and economic and social development. We hdpe that the ef forts which, the international com- Al-Hegan, Saudi regime and representatives and so that it may exercise sovereignty over its own land." JERUSALEM: "If Palestine is . our primary cause, the Holy Jerusalem is its essence. In this con- . .nection, Saudi Arabia, on its own behalf and on behalf of the Islamic couritries which are members of the Organization of the Islamic Con ference, reaffirms its determinatioiil to ' preserve the Islamic Arab character of Jerusalem and to return the Holy City to Arab sovereignty, under which it was always a meeting point, for all, believers in the three revealed religions and a place of hope, tolerance and coexistence for the followers of the various" religions." FEZ AND PEACE: "The resolu tions of the Fez summit conference reaffirmed the Arab will for peace based on right and justice because it took into account the situation in the area and that involved the prin ciples and bases which could be an objective starting point for establishing a just and lasting peace. Foremost among those principles is "My delegation firmly believes that ' institutional changes and structural reforms in the world economy which could contribute to lasting solutions to our current problems can only result from a global and in tegrated approach to these pro blems. The global negotiations, which were decided upon by the General Assembly in its Resolution 34138, offer the best chance to the international community to achieve the desired objectives. It is through meaningful interdependence and collective action that economic pro gress will.be achieved. Wejyjpe that global negotiations will be launched in the not too distant future and that they will result in concrete measures which all countries will find it easy to adopt, and thereby bring about the necessary structural changes leading to the establishment of a new international economic order," NAMIBIA: "It is the firmview of my Government that the momen tum which has been generated in regard to the independence of Namibia should not be lost. We wish to see the implementation pro cess begin without further delay. South Africa should not be given any pretext to frustrate further the implementation of Security Council Resolution 435 (1978). We would, therefore, utter a caution against the introduction of extraneous issues which would, have the effect of delaying the independence of Namibia. In this regard, we reject the linkage that is being insisted upon between Namibia's in dependence and the presence of Cuban forces in Angola. There Or pre all Un Or the his int rep ev tha pei rol tict cil, bet spe nei inii fra 'I Th Qa Pa of. drc d wit Ira all far the tra sen tha mil the tha voi gp pO!
The Carolina Times (Durham, N.C.)
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Nov. 20, 1982, edition 1
10
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