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SATURDAY, KOYEWBER 27, 1S22-TKE CAT.3U51A TISIJ-IJ Si 0 J LI?. - By Curtis T. Perkins k Hugh L. Shearer, Deputy Prime Minister and Minster for Foreign A V - J - . f . sxjjuua unu rvreign . iruue, Jamaica. - MIDDLE EAST: "Recent events in the Middle East, culminating in the abominable massacre . in the j Palestinian refugee camps in Beirut, have shattered some long-held illu sions. But the military prowess of the Israelis has not destroyed the basic fact. That basic fact is that no lasting peace and stability is possible I unless the fundamental right of the Palestinian people to statehood is satisfied. Jamaica holds firmly to that view. Equally, we believe that all States in the area are entitled to exist within their internationally recognized boundaries. T We note that important initiatives have been taken by the Arab Heads of State c r Government at Fez, and by United States President Reagan, .to try to give a new impetus for a settlement of the Middle East pro blems. It is clear that there are many obstacles ahead, but it is noteworthy that there is now at least a common factor, and that common factor is a recognition that the Palestinian peo ple have rights which have to be satisfied." SOUTH AFRICA: "Another subject of urgent concern is that of Namibia. The movement toward in dependence for Namibia continues to be slow, notwithstanding the hints from the contact group that progress has been made. South Africa continues to block effective action. Security Council Resolution 435 (1978) must be fully im plemented. Jamaica does not share the view that the independence of Namibia should be linked to the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola. The two are separate issues and must be dealt with separately. We condemn South Africa's con tinued military aggression and cam paigns of destabilization against. Angola and the other front-line States. In South Africa itself, the policy of apartheid continues to be more deeply entrenched every day. AH the internal institutional changes point in the direction of a further entrenchment of this abhorrent 0 1 If United Nations Mack lAmencainis. Must -Take - Advantage, off Tlae Diplomatic Reception Part II Lebanon, especially the human tragedies that have unfolded m that warworn land. We witnessed earlier the brutal siege of West Beirut by, Israeli forces. No sooner had the siege been lifted,than a succession of tragedies began to befall the people of Lebanon and the Palestinian refugees." ' KOREA: "Another focal point pf tension is the Korean Peninsula. We renew our call for resumption of dialogue, without pre-conditions or external interference, between the two parts of Korea so as to bring about a peaceful reunification of that artificially divided land." AFRICAN RIGHTS: "In this respect, we applaud once more the African Charter of Human and Peoples' Rights adopted by the 18th Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity (OAU). Significantly, the Charter dra"ws attention to the distinctive nature of African values and morals, and also provides for . the respective duties and respon sibilities of individuals and groups to their communities. Lesotho is at present engaged in moves to incor porate the provisions of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights into our municipal law." APARTHEID: "Even when the writing is on the wall and clear for South Africa to read, the authorities in Pretoria continue to tinker with the problem. The recently proposed constitutional dispensation for col oreds and Indians is a political farce and a hollow gimmick. It is meant to appease public opinion abroad while it sows the seeds of conflict and tribal polarization at home. It is intended to put up a facade of political change, to hoodwink world public opinion and to lesson pressure from abroad, thus creating a breathing space for the apartheid. policies, which have apparently run their course and outlived their usefulness to the South African regime. This constitutional arrange ment completely ignores and cir cumvents the rights and legitimate aspirations of the black South Africans that constitute the over whelming majority of the people of South Africa. It seeks to isolate the coloreds and the Indians from the mainstream of the political struggle, inside South Africa, by turning them core of that conflict, and in conclu- and indirect, toward Israel by the sion 1 should nice to tacicie two inv Arab States and their accomplices.. . Dortant points. The first relates to the deteriorating conditions in Lebanon, The situation is still fraught with danger; it still threatens to explode, engulfing Lebanon and spreading beyond. We in Egypt reject the claim that the continuing Israeli occupation is a necessity or that it protects anybody. The existence in Lebanon of foreign military occupation resulting from invasion would be "United Nations documentation is replete with anti-Israel resolu tions, which have increased yearly in both number and length, overflow ing with distorted suppositions, ar bitrary statements and one-sided and destructive recommendations and decisions... "Among the thousands of resolu tions adopted by the General Assembly and the Security Council or any other United Nations body the principal cause of any further during the past 30 years, one wilt deterioration, we maintain our un shakable belief that the solution lies in the withdrawal of the Israeli inva sion forces from all Lebanese ter ritory to its internationally recogniz ed borders. AH foreign forces must withdraw from Lebanon, but the withdrawal of Israeli occupation forces should neither be conditioned on nor related to any other presence. Israel must realize by now that its view concerning the situation in the Mick die East is erroneous, that its understanding of conditions Lebanon is superficial. It results not from any understanding ot reality una hardly a single decision or resolution that explicitly condemns by name any Arab state or organiza tion for attacks on Israel or Israelis... "Those resolutions allowed Arab countries to pursue their belligerence against Israel military, political, economic and so forth and the PLO could con tinue its terror warfare against Israel, Israelis and Jews, without any restriction by the United Na tions. The enemies of Israel felt that they could embark on a full-scale military attack whenever they judg ed the hour to be right, knowing full but from the arrogance of power. Veil that the United Nations would The presence of Israel in Lebanon not move a finger to stop them will not lead to stability in that country but will, rather, intensify the waste and destruction there. That may be what Israel wants; it is certainly what Israel is ac complishing. But Israel will not long escape the consequences, unless it hastens to correct the situation." EGYPT - FRENCH IN ITIATIVE: "Egypt and France presented a joint initiative in the Security Council last July. Their draft resolution contained two parts, the first providing for guarantees of the sovereignty and political independence of Lebanon and the second dealing with and supporting the national and in alienable rights of the Palestinian people against the armed Israeli in vasion. "The Franco-Egyptian initiative called for the application of the principles of security in order to: Reaffirm the right of all States in 'Double standards and distortion have spread from General Assembly and committee discussions to other United Nations bodies, including the Security Council, and from there to the directives given to the United Nations forces and in strumentalities in the Middle East. A notable case is the misuse of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA). That Agency was charged with the rehabilitation of refugees but became a tool to preserve the refugee camps, in which idle people were subjected to incitement and coercion in the ser vice of terrorist organizations. The specialized agencies, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Labor Organization (ILO) and so on have also been exploited for the purpose of propaganda warfare against Israel... of the Afghan people, including those who flaunt their commitment to democracy, are trying to hinder the building of a new and truly democratic life in that country. While in words a political solution to the problems which have arisen around Afghanistan is being ad vocated, in deeds the achievement of such a solution is being impeded in every possible way... "Opportunities for such a solu tion do exist. Only one thing is re-. quired, and that is to stop the armed intervention from outside against Afghanistan and not interfere in the internal affairs of that sovereign non-aligned State... "In the Soviet Union, we view as a step in the right direction the start of negotiations in Geneva between representatives of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and Pakistan through a personal representative of the United Nations Secretary General." Sahabzada Yaqub-Khan, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Pakistan, in his United Nations speech had this puzzling dilemma about Gromyko's reasoning: "Despite the repeated calls of the United Nations and similar demands by the Movement of Non Aligned Countries and the Member States of the Islamic Conference, the end of the crisis in Afghanistan is not in sight. It is a matter of regret that the Soviet Union, which had traditionally enjoyed good relations with countries of the area, including Afghanistan, and which takes pride in its solidarity with Third World causes, should engage and persist in' and action which has caused im mense tragedy to the people of Afghanistan and which has been firmly opposed by the international community. "The grave political implications of the Afghanistan crisis are com pounded by a vast and growing humanitarian problem in the exodus of -the Afghan population on a massive scale from their country. Nearly 3 million Afghan refugees, who represent one-fifth oFthe total population of Afghanistan, have been forced to seek shelter on our soil and have placed on us an enor mous responsibility for their upkeep which we have willingly accepted as humanitarian and Islamic midst of all these problems, we can not ignore that singularly important achievement of the United Nations, the adoption of the third United Na tions Convention on the Law of the Sea in April 1982. Jamaica is among the developing and developed coun tries that welcome this event. The Convention has codified and pro jressively developed international law in several important areas, but I :ite the following as its most signifi cant achievements. First, the pro clamation that the area beyond na tional jurisdiction is the common heritage of mankind is a significant landmark in the history of inter naitonal relations. We believe that the regime which is established for the exploration and exploitation of the natural resources of the deep sea tvd ic iuct arA pmiitahlp nnH uill V N . JUUl M..M ...... V... , . T ... operate to the mutual advantage of developed and developing countries. Secondly, the Convention has solv ed the age-old question of the breadth of the territorial sea by the establishment of an economic zone of 200 miles, including a territorial sea of 12 miles." INTERIM FUNDING: "Jamaica commends for the consideration of this Assembly the essential features of our Prime Minister's presenta tion on this subject at the recently concluded joint Bank and Fund meeting in Toronto. There Jamaica emphasized the urgency of introduc- ing emergency measures which would be immediately implemented to assist those member countries which are on the brink of collapse and reinvigorate international trade and investment. ."Jamaica considers that the ' Fund's eighth review of quotas pro vides a good opportunity to create credit as a means of trade expan sion. Accordingly we support the early conclusion of the review of quotas in 1983 as called for by both the Group of 24 and the Interim Committee. We fully support also the need for selective allocations and a substantial increase of quotas t an increase which, in our view, should not be less than 50." ; Charles Dube Molapo, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Lesotho, Southern Africa. .FORCE: "Lesotho, as a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, places a high premium on interna ing them any tangible benefits from such an unwholesome association." PRAISE FOR THE OAU: "Finally, I should like to thank all those Member States of this Organization that have stood by us during our moments of great dif ficulty and all those that have hastened to assure us of their solidarity in times of great trial. The Organization of African Unity (OAU), in particular, through the Secretary General, Mr. Kodjo, has been a true custodian of the prin ciples and purposes which guided the founding fathers of the OAU. He has tirelessly kept the situation in Lesotho under constant surveillance, an act which has assured us that our plight in southern Africa is a matter of grave concern to the community of free nations. This awareness has given us' courage to look forward with deter mination to a future in which southern Africa will be rid of all, racial discrimination and segrega tion. Lesotho offers its firm pledge to contribute toward the evolution of a southern Africa of peace, pro sperity, tranquility and respect for the sovereignty and territorial in ' tegrity of all States in the region. - "We call upon South Africa sincerely to offer a similar undertak ing." Boutros Ghali, Minister of State 4 for Foreign Affairs, Egypt. CALL FOR BROTHERHOOD: "Egypt has been intrinsically an Arab country for the past 14 cen turies. The genuinely Arab character of Egypt can be neither made nor unmade by a decision. Egypt is far beyond being affected by one country and regime, or a number of countries and regimes, which may call into question its ge nuine Arab character. The Arabism of Egypt, metaphorically speaking, is like a tree, with its roots striking deep for 14 centuries, which has been watered by the blood of the martyrs who have fallen in battle in defense of Palestinian rights. It has been strengthened at various times by the unyielding position of Egypt as it has stood firmly for Arab rights from Morocco to the Gulf States, from the turn of this century until today. . "We may have ; disagreed with some of our brothers, and we may The entire international com- the region to existence and security munity has the responsibility and in accordance with Security Council ' should have the courage to stand up Resolution 242 (1967);. . . and Formally ban PLO terrorism : ' 'Reaffirm the legitimate national and exnel its representatives from our i rights Ath eluding the right to self- international body. The United Na- Yusuf Al-Alawi Abdattah, determination with all its implica- tions and its agencies cannot begin Minister oj Mate jor toreign aj- the process of rehabilitation and revitalization as long as such organizations and their represen tatives are permitted to set foot in a civilized forum... 'Pressing Israel for more ter ritorial withdrawals will not bring peace. Indeed, there is no peace without security; and further ter ritorial amputations negate security... "Often, attacks on Israel or Zionism in international forums serve as a transparent mask for anti Semitism. The State of Israel, which is the fulfilment of the Jewish na tional movement, cannot and will not passively accept a resurgency of this evil iHenlncv. We call on all self- instability, loss of life, hunger and respecting people and Governments dian Ocean, which is scheduled to wrongful use of scarce funds. I am to loin in a renewed solemn under- be held in Colombo in 1983, so that often ashamed of the insensitivity of taking to stamp out anti-Semitism, the goal of making the Indian Ocean my great country of the United in all its forms and expression, from States in respect of other nations, human society." Our officials balk on global negotia- Moumin Bahdon Farah, Minister tions for a new international , for Foreign Affairs, Djibouti, Horn economic order, signing of the of Africa, in his remarks said this critically about Israel which could be a rebuttal to Shamir: "In the second half of this cen tury the Zionist neo-Nazis have espoused a similar concept, although more limited in scope. They wish to eliminate the Palesti nian people from the land where they have always lived. For the Zionists. Palestine was a land tions, on the understanding that to this end the Palestinian people shall be represented in the negotiations and, consequently, the Palestine Liberation Organization shall be associated therein; 'Call for the mutual and simultaneous recognition of the par ties concerned. (S15317, C, para. 1)V ' ... These are excerpts from many na tions having made their statements at the United Nations. Currently over four out of five countries know that Israel, Iran, South Africa, Russia, the United Kingdom, the conflicting forces in Cyprus, Kam puchea, Western Sahara, East Timor, the Horn of Africa, create tiorml respect for the independence ; stU1 be in disagreement, over a Sovereignty and territorial integnt of States. We are therefore alarmed at the increasing readiness of States to use force to'safeguard their pro Claimed interests or to assert ter ritorial claims, without any regard . for the interests of other States, especially the weak and defenseless ones. "I cannot comment on the cur rent international political situation without touching on recent events in number of issues, but we call upon Arab countries to stand united in the face of the crucial challenges confronting the entire Arab nation today. Egypt will continue to exert every effort to that end. We are con fident that Arab solidarity will sur mount;; those , differences and disputes. :; I have talked at some length about the situation in the Middle East and the Palestine roblem, the ' : . . . Human Rights agreements, ratify ing the Law of the Sea accords. Our lack of diplomatic recognition of Cuba, Vietnam, Angola, among others, bothers me. We often lead to back extreme, regimes whose only claim for us is that they are anti communist such as our meddling, with the help of rightists, in Nicaragua and El Salvador. We walk out of international bodies because they refuse to accept the outlaw shenanigans of Israel. We fail to recognize the PLO and SWAPO, the representatives of the Palestinian and Namibian people respectively. Black Americans know that-this takes money from the solution of our problems or the enjoyment of economic opportunity as Africa, the Caribbean and our Arab friends need our faith and help. Israeli Intransigence Here are many of the distorted ut terances of Yitzak Shamir, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Israel, when he spoke to the General Assembly. Two-thirds of the delegations walk ed out on him: "The principles upon which the United Nations was founded, as ' well as its Charter, should have moved the Organization and its Members as far back as 30 years ago to take a stand against the denial on the part of the Arab world fairs, Oman (obviously referred to the Ethiopia-Somalia conflict in his remarks); "Our concern with events in the Horn of Africa is closely associated with the security and safety of the coastal States of the Indian Ocean. The Sultanate of Oman, as one of those countries, is concerned for the security of this area and is therefore in favor of declaring it a zone of peace. It calls for an end to the com petition between the super-powers to establish spheres of influence in the region. As a member of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean, Oman is anxious to promote the efforts to arrange for the con vening of the Conference on the In region a demilitarized zone of peace may be achieved without further delay." Mr. Branco, Ambassador of Sao Tome and Principe, expressed the sentiments of many in the Third World in his speech: "The delegation of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe wishes to reaffirm from this rostrum its unswerving support for and its active solidarity with the people of East Timor and express the hope that the statements of the administering power on the without any people awaiting the ar- subject of the decolonization of . T7 a rrT 1 I . 1 rival of Jewish settlers to colonize it. History has been falsified; the physical characteristics, the demographic cbmposition and the institutional structures of the oc cupied territories are being altered so as finally to leave no trace of the Palestinian heritage. "In spite of that and in defiance of the aims of the Zionist plan, the Palestinian reality asserts itself more each day, because the Palestinian people, under the aegis of the PLO, its sole, legitimate representative, has shown its unshakable deter mination to struggle for the life of its cause. Strengthened by that determina tion, Arab Kings, Sovereigns and Heads of State were at one in mak ing it crystal clear to the world that of the right of a Member States, ' of its identity." i . t t lust ana lasting peace nas aiways been their objective, an objective that Israel has rejected and con tinues to reject, wishing to deprive an entire people of its existence and Israel, to exist in security. When the United Nations ignored this in alienable obligation, it did so at' its peril, undermining its own credibili ty and moral power, Since then, the United Nations has lacked ; the courage to rise and condemn any act of aggression, 1 threat, violence, blackmail and terror, both direct Andrei A. Gromyko, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the USSR had this to say in defense of his country's incursion into Afghanistan before the General Assembly: "Dangerous scheming is still go ing on around the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. The foes East Timor will lead to recourse be ing had to the machinery provided under the Charter to permit the Maubere people to express its views freely on its own future. "Our delegation also wishes to express its militant support for the peoples of Western Sahara, Puerto Rico, Cyprus and Korea in their struggle to preserve their national sovereignty, self-determination, in dependence, national unity and peaceful reunification. "A vast plot by the imperialist and reactional forces is threatening the peoples and Governments of Africa, Latin America, Asia and elsewhere. An infernal machine is being unleased against us in order to destabilize regimes freely chosen by our peoples and all possible means are being used in the creation of puppet movements and armed gangs, the dispatching of mercenaries, the establishment of military bases, the persistent refusal to make the necessary changes in the structure and machinery of interna tional economic relations, the stop ping of investment credits, aid blackmail, and so on. These actions have one purpose in common: to , safeguard the economic and strategic neo-colonialist and im perialist interests in the region. "Furthermore, armed border conflicts are being fanned into flame and fueled among the developing countries to weaken our human and material resources and prevent our using our strength and . solidarity in a true program of na tional reconstruction. In this vast plot, international and regional organizations are not spared. These bodies are threatened with paralysis, and may very well, in this contest, cease functioning. It is as if the . forces of evil want to prevent the peoples of the Third World from , gaining access to credible forums where they can denounce and con demn the plots, the maneuvers and the massacres and diminish the historic role of those bodies; thai is, to defend the struggle for emancipa tion of the peoples of the world against every kind of exploitation and discrimination." "South Africa, although a member of the United Nations, is barred from the United Nations General Assembly. However, I fervently believe all States should be full participants in the United Na tions deliberations. I am against barring little scheming and brutal Israel. The world can best keep an eye on her when she has to answer for ugly actions." Support of United Nations Leadership Needed Imre Hollai of Hungary is the 37th President of the United Na tional General Assembly. All speakers to date have paid tribute to his ability. Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar has issued a hard-hitting report calling for the United Na tions apparatus and members to reappraise their goals and com- -mitments. He, too, has received praise for his courage and departure from the traditional cosmetic claims of some of his predecessors. Frank ly, Perez de Cuellar needs some achievements. He has few to date. H.E. Rashad Abdullah, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs of the United ArabEmirates, had these kind words about Perez de Cuellar: "The Secretary General has pointed out in his annual report the difficulties that the United Nations is facing in playing its role effective ly and decisively, particularly with regard to the maintenance of inter national peace and security since it represents an idearfOPultt-in the con duct of negotiations for peaceful settlement of international disputes. In this connection, I fully agree with the unequivocal reference in the report of the Secretary General that '...Our most urgent goal is to reconstruct the charter concept of collective action for peace and security so as to render the United Nations more capable Of carrying out its primary function.' It is in cumbent, upon all governments to commit themselves to this sound ap proach, without which the logic of force will prevail and consequently states, especially the smaller ones, will be exposed to many dangers that threaten their security, safety, and territorial integrity. This situa tion is not imaginary, rather it is true in reality and is sharply and tragically represented in the area of the Middle East, specifically in Lebanon...'.' Behind the U.N.'s Program Of Self-Determination Since its inception, the UN has strived for the respect of the right of all peoples to self-detemrination and independence, taking into con sideration their hopes, aspirations and interests. Although . most peoples of the world have gained their independence, some territories are still under colonial domination, notably in southern' Africa where the government of South Africa per sists in its racist policy notwithstan ding the international condemna tion of it as a crime against humani ty. The denial to the people of South Africa of the exercise of their fun damental right to self-determination constitutes a serious threat to inter national peace and security and a grave challenge to the international community... What encourages this racial regime in its intransigence has been the continued economic, military, . and political cooperation which it receives from certain members states of the U.N. The U.S. Govern ment considers Security Council Resolution 435 of 1978 as the soundest framework, for the resolu tion of the Question of Nambia. It reaffirms the basic responsibility of the UN to this territory since the ter mination of the South African man date in 1966. The Security Council should impose sanctions on South Africa and adopt the necessary measures envisaged in Chapter VII of the Charter. The U.S. delegation affirms its support to the legitimate struggle waged by SWAPO for self determination and independence for the i Namibian people. It strongly condemns the repeated aggressive acts carried out by South Africa against the neighboring states. On Cooperation For A Better Economy As a Third World country, the (Continued on Page 16)
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