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USPS 091-380 volume-72-NUMBER 17 DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA — SATURDAY, APRIL 30, 1994 TELEPHONE L919) 682-2913 PRICE:30 CENTS ^fter 400 Years South Africa Is Free IsVit L and joy, a 102-year old black South African woman, jith arthritic knees, leaned leavily on her cane for the ,ne-half mile walk to the lolls Tuesday to cast the first ,ote of her life for a truly Jemocratic government in her country. b[The elections were sched- jled to cover three days, with liiesday, the first day, set for the elderly and in firm.] As expected. Nelson (landela easily ascended to jower as the first democrati- ;ally elected leader of South tfrica. Likened to a modern-day . loses. Nelson Mandela has Bthstood five decades of itruggle to bring his country :o this historic week. The ex- lectations of black and white South Africans now rest on lis shoulders. From Transkei, where he was bom, to Johannesburg, jriiere he worked as a mine joliceman — and where today many of the mine Swners are now his neighbors n the rich, white suburbs — the African National Con- ;ress (ANC) leader’s role tow becomes masterminding the delivery of the 1955 Free- lorn Charter. The charter declares South Africa belongs to its people, both ilack and white, and upon iberation, food will be ilentiful. Though at least two-thirds (black South Africans voted ir the ANC, many will con- nue to experience the vicis- hides of apartheid for some me. There is an eighty per- :nt unemployment rate, mil- »ns living in filthy squatter imps, and entire generation 1 people scarcely educated ith many turning to crime in der to survive. Mandela and his leadership e immediately confronted ith bringing into the fold dicalized and violent young ' lople whose slogans include Ine Settler, One Bullet" and ^11 a Cop A Day." They relate better to landela’s history as a free- >m fighter than as a mes- ®ger of peace. These young people feel the Me has nothing to offer em. They sense the ANC is ® concerned with wooing temational investment con- fence and no longer under- >nds their plight. These ®th have watched ANC fey move toward the cen- t in the four years since tndela’s release. Gone is fe of mass nationalization, radical redistribution of '^th, and the imposition of socialist state. Mandela seems to have un- rgone a change in his 'litied life, from an Africat feonalist to a statesman •goti^ng with his former jjniies for political stability. ™s response in the coming NELSON MANDELA WINNIE MANDELA months to the concerns of his countrymen — farm workers, servants, squatters, grocers — whose expectations and demands counter political reality, will send an indica tion of the country’s future direction. There is another element, the effects of which cannot be underestimated. In less than a year, the ex- wife of South Africa’s next president — Winnie Mandela — has climbed back from political ostracism and press vilification to the top of South African politics. It be gan when the ANC’s populist leader, Chris Hani, was killed by a right-wing assassin’s bullet. His murder left a vac uum which the charismatic, outspoken, and militant Win nie Mandela was primed to fill. At his memorial service, she clapped and smiled as young people chanted, "Kill the Boer, Kill the Farmer" and called upon the "young masses" to "take up [their] mandate to rule the new South Africa." She taps into a desire for retribution. In exchange, many people are ready to forget her kidnapping convic FOUNDER MRS. SPAULDING PRESENTS AWARD TO MRS. KELLER 500 Attend Annual Elna Spaulding Awards Banquet By Ray Trent Over 500 persons gathered at the Durham Civic Center on April 13, for the fourth annual Elna B. Spaulding Founder’s Award banquet. In 1968, Mrs. Elna Spaulding was invited by McCall Magazine to a Women-in-Action Conference in New York City to which women from around the country went to discuss what women could do to end violence in America. More than 200 women attended the conference. On her return to Durham, Mrs. Spaulding appealed to the women of Durham to organize to work togeth er to prevent violence in Durham. At the first meeting, September 24, 1968, over 125 were in attendance. Today, 25 years later, the organization is still very active, under the watchful eye of its founder. The nominees for this year’s award were: J. Wil liam Becton, Jr., executive director of Human Rela tions for 23 years; Dorothy C. Browne, Ph.D., a professor at UNC-Chapel Hill; Elizabeth J. Catlin, founder of Domestic Violence Advocacy Project; Margaret Q. Keller, former president of Durham Ur ban Ministries and former city councilwoman; Julia Herndon Lucas, member of Durham Housing Authority Board and Church Women United; and Carl Washington, co-facilitator of Durham Inter agency Council on Community Education and Recreation (DICCER).* The winner was Mrs.Sdeller. The banquet speaker, introduced by Beverly F. Hol liday, was Dr. Nannerl O. Keohane, president of Duke University. Dr. Keohane lauded Women-in-Action for foresight and commitment in battling violence. She ack nowledged that violence has plummeted since Women-in-Action startfcd, but women have to play an important part in stemming the tide. She talked of housing as an area in wheih the university will an nounce some new initiatives very soon. Women-in-Action president, Dorothy Brock, told Dr. Keohane that although the Duke president has been in town a few months, "it sounds as if you grew ■up in Durham. You know all of our problems and, best of all, you’re willing to help us solve them," ABA Cites N.C. Jury Procedures tion, her well-publicized af fair, and the rumors of misap propriating ANC funds. In stead, they remember the years when Winnie Mandela repeatedly defied the South African authorities. She was imrisoned, harassed, placed under house arrest, and denied her husband’s compa ny for 27 years. "Not everyone could have withstood what she endured for 27 years," said Blade Nzimande, a close political ally of Winnie Mandela. "This is why she continues to be called a leader of the people." Mrs. Mandela has also retained much of the fiery rhetoric which the other ANC leaders have now abandoned, accusing her ANC colleagues of abandoning their commit ment to "liberate the poor" to promote self advancement. Among the radicalized youth in the townships, Winnie Mandela is the name con stantly on these young people’s lips 'las the one political force they can trust. RALEIGH — Chief Justice James G. Exum, Jr. has announced that the American Bar Association’s Committee on Jury Standards has determined that the State of North Carolina uses jury procedures which are basically consistent with the ABA Standards Relating to Juror Use and Management. North Carolina is one of only four states to be so recognized. The ABA Standards Relating to Juror Use and Management, devel oped nearly fifteen years ago, con sist of nineteen standards for ad dressing four areas of jury manage ment: (1) selection of prospective jurors; (2) selection of a particular jury; (3) jury system efficiency; and (4) juror education and com fort. In adopting these 19 Standards, the ABA used the following as a guiding statement: "Trial by jury is a fundamental concept of the American system of justice and has been instrumental in the preserva tion of individual rights while serv ing the interests of the general pub lic. The significance of the jury is not limited to its role in the decision-making process; jury ser vice also provides citizens with an opportunity to learn, observe and participate in the judicial process ... Efficient court administrator and management will best guaran tee preservation of the jury system and enhance the quality of the decision-making process. ... Courts must ensure that jury resources are utilized to the maximum degree of efficiency, while minimizing in convenience to individual citizens." According to Judge Janice L. Gradwohl, chair of the ABA Com mittee on Jury Standards, fourteen states have actually adopted the ABA Standards in their entirety. North Carolina has not adopted these Standards. However, as Judge Gradwohl states in her January 6, 1994 letter to Chief Justice Exum, North Carolina is one of four states that the ABA has found, "by virture of the past and continuing efforts to improve its jury system [to have] developed a jury system that is in substantial compliance with the ABA Standards." Judge Gradwohl, in congratulat ing Chief Justice Exum on this recognition of North Carolina by the ABA Committee on Jury Stan dards, quoted the past chair of the ABA Judicial Administration Divi sion where, in his Preface to the Standards, stated that [our] "thanks are modest compared to the thanks by those citizens serving as jurors and the many litigants who seek justice in our courts through the jury system." Among the jury management ef forts which helped North Carolina achieve this recognition are: • The increasing use of limited terms of jury service, such as the "One Trial/One Da^" system. (Ac cording to the National Center for State Courts, Buncombe County may have been the second court in the U.S. to adopt a One Trial/One Day system when it limited jury service over 15 years ago.) • All exemptions from jury ser vice have been eliminated, such as automatic exemptions for medical doctors, lawyers, or other profes sional groups. • • The use of both the voters and drivers list is required by statute. These two sources of names for jury duty are recognized nationally as the most representative, inclu sive and comprehensive list of citizens. • Technical assistance and train ing is available statewide, by staff of the Administrative Office of the Courts, to assist local judicial offi cial! iniprove their jury systems, both in terms of reducing jury ex penses and in terms of improving citizens satisfaction with jury ser vice. As further evidence of North Carolina’s efforts to improve jury use and management, Chief Justice Exum set jury management as one of four goals of a recent court man agement pilot program, which rar from July 1992 through Decembei 1993 in twelve judicial districts Under this program, local court of ficials developed policies and pro cedures for excuse or deferral from jury duty, determined ways to im prove the number of citizens responding to a jury summons, and improved means for reducing juror costs. Under Chief Justice Exum’s leadership, jury management will continue to be a major focus of lo cal court officials.
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April 30, 1994, edition 1
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