?COMjPOaOOjMOMMBOOOPBOOOg
I Fundamental I
| Principles of 1
Health^o
j
| By ALBERT8. GRAY, M.D. ]
(Copyright. 1914, by A. S. Cray)
DUCTLESS GLANDS.
In t general way what may be laM
ol any (ingle ductless gland may In a
large meaaore be eald of them alL
Their function! are mainly two. Tirol,
by reason of either Individual or co
operative secretions they govern the
metabolism in the body. Second,
these same secretions build up and
maintain the body's resistance U> dis
ease by cleansing the blood of the
different poisons which It accumu
lates In Its curresit from time to time.
It Is believed that the Internal gland
secretions whet the appetite of the
white blood eorpuscles, or leucocytes,
the body's germ destroyer, as a step
In this protective plan.
The blochemlc salts Involved In the
breaking down (katabolie) and the
building up (anabolic) processes of
the body; the It, and perhaps more,
mineral elmehts existing In organic
or living formJn lhe universe and re
quired to maintain the metabolism of
all the cells of the human body, are
governed, regulated and controlled by
the ductless glands. This, of coaSe.
Is a reciprocal reaction, because
obviously there must be something to
govern If the glands are to function,
and It Is equally obvious that the
glands cannot function In the absence
of these elements or minerals. There
being no ducts leading Into these
glands, It la very clear that nothing
can get either Into or oat ot them
except by meana of the blood atream.
Hence, the profound physical and men
tal diaturbance following any glaar
rangement In the natural or physlolog
leal food supply.
The largest of the ductleaa glands la
the'thyroid, altuated in the fore part
of the neck, midway between the
"Adam'a apple" (thyroid cartllaga)
and the top of the breastbone (stern
um), a point lust behind where the
average man wears his collar button.
The gland comprisea>two sections, or
lobes, one lying on either side of
the windpipe (larynx), connected by
a neck, or isthmus, the whole forming
a flat, oval body about three inches
long.
Because the general ahape suggests
a long, oral, shield, the name "thy
roid" was taken from the Qreek lan
guage?it meana, literally, shieldlike.
The thyroid gland is reddish-brown
in color and has a vesicular structure
?thai Is to say, the interior Is honey
combed with minute sacs like the In
terior of an orange, each tiny bladder
of which under normal conditions is
filled with a yellow gluelike compound
known as "colloid," a substance dif
fusing not at all, or very slowly,
through animal membranes. Acces
sory thyrolda, varying in sixe and num
ber, may be round along the lower
windpipe (trachea) from the larynx
as far down as tbe heart These ac
cessories possess the same vesiculgj,
structure and are supposed to have
a function similar to that of the thy
roid body.
Ther'e are several highly stgnlfldhnt
facts Ip connection with the general
structure and composition of tbe thy
roid body that It Is advisable to keep
coastantly In mind while considering
this subject. Throughout the whole
range of animal and vegetable life the
catalytic enzymes, or ferments, are
constantly busy. They are vitally
and fundamentally concernec with life
In all its phases,.so much so that phys
iology Is rapidly resolving itself into
a branch of catalysis. So many cata
lytic agents are "colloids" and the
oolloldal condition la so tangled up
with catalytic action, ferments and en
zymes. It is practically Impossible, In
our present state of knowledge, to
distinguish one from the other. It
should be remembered, too, that all
kinds of metals and compounds of
metals have this powerful catalytic
"presence," the potency of which may
be so high that in many Instances the
proportion of but one part to the
thirteenth decimal point will bring
about astoniahlng reaction!, mean
time, tbe catalyzing aubitance itaelf
being quite unaffected by Its remark
able exertions; It remains as potent
as aver and may be used over and
over again.
No other gland, large or small, re
celres proportionally so great and di
rect a supply of blood as the thyroid.
All these tacts considered together
are sufficient to mrrant us In accept
ing the thyroid a^ a most Important
organ and should also prepare us to
expect rery grave physical results
from any disturbance of Its functions.
Snugly tucked away behind the thy
roid, two of them on either side ef
the larynx and often actually Imbed
ded in the tissue of that gland, are
four small bodies known aa the "par
athyrolds;"
The adrenal glands take their name
from the kidney; "ad" meaning addi
tion, or proximity to, and "renal" be
ing another name for kidney. These
two additional kidney glands are flat,
lima bean shaped bodies, each about
one and one-half Inches long, and they
lie In intimate relation with and at the
top ot each kidney. It Is believed
both the Inner (medullary) and the
outer (cortical) parts of the adrenal
glands make contributions to the
blood stream. Tbe absence of this
medullary secretion produces a fall
In blood pressure which is fatal.
Suspended by a short stalk from the
under surface ot the brain hangs an
other of these pealike bodies, or baby
glands. The early students of physi
ology believed this gland prepared
phlegm or mucus for the moistening
of the membrane ot the nbee, and they
therefore^, called It the "pituitary,"
which means the phlegm former. The
pituitary body thypopbysla) consists
of ftro parts. a large anterior lob*
or distinct glandular tlaaue and a
much entailer poaterlor lobe of iferv
oua origin composed eblafly of nerve
.oella and libera. Reetlng In a little
bony depreaalon In tbe Baee of oce'a
skull, tbla tiny body preperea and
aenda out aecrettona and nerve lm
pulaea profoundly Influencing ua (Or
good or evil.
Among all tbla complicated maze
of action and re-aetion we are perbapa
beat (am)llar with tbe action of tbe
thyroid gland, and no adequate ex
planation baa yet been furnlebed of
tbe influence exercized by tbe thyroid
on tbe nutrition of tbe body. We bave
Indisputable proof tbat dteturbance
In thyroid function induoee character
latlc symptoms covering practically
tbe entire range of human affliction,
and tbat tbeee disturbances In glandu
lar functlona are gravely influenced
by our cboice of food matter. It la
perfectly obvious tbat tbla must be
oo In view of tbe facta above set forth,
and equally clear that Funk's state
ment tbat the vltamtnea, those vital
nitrogenous principles In combination
with the organic minerals, are the
mother substance of tbe ductless gland
Internal secretions on which our de
velopment, life and health depend, and
of which wo are largely deprived
through the atupld commercial spirit
of the ago.
INTERNAL SECRETIONS.
We And running all through the his
tory of tbe development of the theory
of combating disease a slowly evolv
ing chain nf rpvolTlny ?rntiml
the primitive belief of the savage that
eating the heart of his victim Impart
ed to him tbe courage and vitality of
his enemy.
This Idea has given rise from time
to time to various methods of organ
otheraphy, at) of which bave failed to.
be effective, but which have been valu
able because they have served as steps
toward a conception of the Idea tbat
certain glandular organs give rise to
chemical products which on entering
the circulation Influence the activity
of on# or more other organs. The term
"Internet secretions" Is used to desig
nate these products.
Claude Bernard appears to here
been the Unit to employ this term to
distinguish between the ordinary or
external secretions end these Internal
secretions. The belief that the secre
tory products were given off In this
way had king been held In reference to
the ductless glands, and this belief
was perfectly logical because the ab
sence of any duct naturally suggested
such a possibility; but there was prac
tically no Interest In the matter of
the Internal secretions tntil reports of
the work of Brown-Sequard upon tes
ticular extracts were published prior
to 1890. This Investigator assumed
that all tissues give off something to
the blood, which Is characteristic and
Is of Importance In general nutrition.
The Idea was taken up widely and it
led to a strong revival of the old no
tions regarding the treatment of dis
eases of the different organs by ex
but no extract was found to be of any
advantage la treating the troubles of
the organs from which they were
made.
Obviously, vital elements can be ex
pected to flow only from live?that tf
to say, from functioning?organisms.
It Is not reasonable to expect more
than temporary results from the non
living. However, while Brown-Se
quard's Idea was not found to be
Justified by subsequent work, it led
to Investigation and the development
of the'methods necessary to demon
state that not only the ductless glands
but some of the typical glands pro
vided with ducts for external secre
tions give rise also to internal secre
tions, the pancreas and the liver being
examples In point.
Wo have in our bodies ten ?r-n
docen ductless glands which, as in
vestigations have demonstrated, play
a part of enormous importance In our
general nutrition.
The principal ductless glands are
the thyroid, parathyroid, suprarenal,
thymus, pituitary, pineal, carotid and
cocygeal. In some of these the exist
ence or the non-existence of an in
ternal secretion is still an open ques
tion, but it Is quite safe to assume
that, Inasmuch as nothing can come
Into being without a reason and that
nothing can continue to exist without
s reason, a broader and deeper knowl
edge of the process of digestion and
of our metabolism in general will
demonstrate these supposedly useless
organs to be endowed with some very
Important function. The promiscuous
removal of "useless" organs is less
general than it was and must become
less and less as knowledge increases.
Outside the ductless glands the Idea
of internal sections has recently found
fruitful application In the study of the
digestive secretions, and It has been
clearly demonstrated that the gastric
and the pancreatic "secretions," and
perhaps other secretions from lower
down in the digestive tract, must be
regarded as examples of Internal secre
tions, and that they must be reckoned
with In our efforts to secure an under
standing of the rapidly Increasing mor
tality resulting from those diseases
due to deranged metabolism.
Chemical products of this kind
which stimulate the activity of spe
cial organs Sterling has designated as'
hormones, from the Greek word which
means "I excite,", and be suggests
that these chemical products may. be
regarded as the original or primitive
means for co-ordinating the function
ing of the varloua parts of a complex
organism. In other words, we are
controlled by what may be called
liquid nerves acting through our blood
circulation as well as by the better
known coordination secured through
the medium of the later developed
and wonderfully complex nervous
system which we are able to dissect
out and follow to its point of origin.
This double control, conclusively
demonstrated to be operative In all
mammals. Is destined to play a revo
lutionary part In our Ideas of disease
and of our relationship to the balance
of organic creation. It opens the
way to a solution of many of our
vague nervous diseases and Is a most
emphatic warning against (he Use of
sophisticated food matertala. f
?v^uwusaisi ii ~ w ""? '?? ?
A ? . 1
| COMPLETE SYSTEM OF HOGGING OFF CROPS
Healthy Sow and Litter.
Prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture.)
The familiar practice of hoggins off
crops has been developed by experts
In the United States department of
agriculture Into a scientific system of
farm management which. It la mid,
will minimise, in those sections and
those farms to which it is adapted,
the cost of harvest labor.
Reduced to Its simplest terms this
system, which Is described In full in
farmers' Bulletin No. (14, "A Corn
Belt System of Farming Which Saves
Harvest?Labor by Hoggins Down
Crops." consists of a four or five-year
rotation of corn, corn, rye and a mix
ture of clover and timothy one or two
years. A farm managed on this sys
tem should consist of four or Ova
fields of from JO to 40 acres each,
and It is desirable that all the fields
should be of approximately the same
alse. Ftrms should be laid out in ac
cordance with the following plan:
1. Corn?First year to be hogged off.
X Cerb?Second year to be cut and rye
sown.
X Rye and Toung Clover?Hogged off
and pastured. -
4. Clover and Timothy?Hog pastured.
I Timothy and Clover?For nay or pas
ture.
Above Is plan of a farm ran on a five
year rotation.
In field No. 1 the first year corn is
grown and hogged off as soon as It Is
ripe. This is generally from Septem
ber 1 to September 10. When the corn
is cultivated for~the last time. It is
usually desirable to sow soy beans or
rape, in order that the hogs may have
pasturage while gathering the corn,
and also because such a crop supplies
valuable humus which can be turned
back into the soil. In the following
spring this field is prepared for sec
ond-year corn and becomes field No. t
In the Illustration.
Feld No. i Is, ss we have seen, de
voted to second year corn, which Is
not hogged off but harvested by hand.
Here rye is sown In the fall. Under
favorable conditions this can be done
while the corn is still standing, but if
necessary It is not too late after the
corn has been cut and'shocked Rye
may be sown much later than wheat,
and this Is one of Its great advantages
in a rotation such as is now being de
scribed.
Field "No. J is devoted to rye
throughout the entire season, in the
spring tt is pastured by the hogs as
long as it is palatable, affording excel
lent pasturage, especially for young
bogs and brood sows. When the rye
becomes tough and the hogs cease to
relish It, tbey should be removed and
not returned to the field until two
week* after the rye haa ripened. They
ahould then be allowed to gather the
entire crop and to grate upon the
young clover that haa come up with
It
Field No. 4 la devoted entirely to
hog pasture. When clover and tim
othy are planted together, the hogs
grgse principally on the clover and
leave moat of the timothy to be cut
for hay. In the live-year rotation, bow
ever,.field No. 5 la depended upon to
furnish the principal supply of hay for
the horses and cows. There should be
some surplus and this, of course, can
be sold. Late in the fall the field Is
plowed for first year corn, and In the
following spring It takes its place in
the rotation as field No. 1.
Under such a system hogs furnish
the principal Income. They are turned
In on the rye as early as possible In
the spring and there they remain as
long as the pasture is tender, al
though the brood sows should be
taken to other Inclosures as soon as
the spring pigs can be weaned, and
there bred for fall litters. Early in
May when the rye probably ceases to
afford good pasture the hogs are
turned Into field No. 4, devoted to
first-year clover and timothy. With
the addition of a reasonably liberal
corn ration they feed on this until the
middle of July, or two weeks after the
rye has ripened, when they are turned
beck Into the rye field and allowed to
hog it all down without other feed. By
the time the rye Is harvested the corn
in field No. 1 Is ready for the hogs.
If none of the stock is sold before, the
hogs will gather all the corn by "No
vember 1. In this way with practical
ly no labor and very little attention
the entire herd is furnished with pas
ture and grain feed throughout the
entire spring, summer and fall. In
addition, there is the cofh from field
No. 1. which Is harvested and not
hogged down, and the surplus bay
from fields No. 4 and S.
Under this system, the only time
when outside labor Is Indispensable Is
during the hay harvest On a farm of
a hundred acres It Is not probable that
this win amount to more than ten
days' hired labor, which Is certainly
much less than Is required by the sys
tems of farm management in more
general use. As for the cash income.
It may be said that rdughly speaking
rye ultimately brings the same re
turns. whether It is hogged down or
cut and threshed and sold. In the
latter case, however, there la all the
cost of labor to be considered. To
save this, Is the main ^object of the
system described.
TIME FOR SELLING PIG CROP
Much Depend* Upon Price of Feeding
Material* and Development of
Bone, Muscle and Vigor.
?The be*t time to *ell the pig* de
pend* upon the price of feeding ma
terial* that may be utilized In growing
them-and developing their bone, mus
cle and vigor, and preparing them for
the fattening period. When we bava
nlentv of foraao fllrim milk and other
home-crown foods, we often find It ad
vantageous to allow them a longer
period of growth than when we feed
an exclusive grain diet. Market de
mands are for a medium-sized hog,
with plenty of lean meat; strong, but
not too coarse bone; plenty of activity
and strength to stand up well during
shipment
Fall pigs, as a rule, are less profit
able unless-the feeder can utilize what
would otherwise be waste feed in keep
ing them through the wlnVer. - Pigs
that make good gains during the win
ter, and can be put on pasture In the
spring, and then fattened In the fall,
often make good gains during the
longer periods, and cash in fine profits
In the fall. On account of coming to
maturity at the beat time to breed tor
spring Utters, we have found taU far
rowed sows very desirable for breed
ing purposes. The second season gives
them the bone and muscle develop
ment at a very low cost
Warm drinking water, light, warm
and dry quarters, succulent food with
frequent change of breeding and diet,
will Insure good growth during the
winter, but unless we are in the best
shape to look after these details, we
find It best to confine our feeding to
spring litters. The fall pig that goes
into the winter without a warm place
to sleep and plenty of warm, nourish
ing food, has a winter of misery be
fore It
Farm Profits.
The farm profits are for the most
part made out of yields that are above
the average. Average yields seldom
pay more than the cost of production.
English Sjsrrov* a Nuisance.
The English sparrow Is condemned
for lta destruction of cherries, grapes,
pears, peaches, buds aud flowers of
cultirated trees, sprouts and sines. In
the garden, the scientists say, spar
rows eat seeds as they ripen, nip off
tendir young vegetables, especially
peasa and lettuce, as they appear
Above ground. We have never expo
rtenced this trouble, although spar
rows are abundant about the garden.
Tbey are a nuisance with their ranss
building nests In troublesome places
MIDDLINGS FOR YOUNG PIGS
If Rye Can Be Purchased for Lea*
Money Than Wheat It Will Be to
Advantage to Feed Them.
Chemical analyses Indicate that
there le nearly 75 per cent more fat
and slightly more protein In wheat
middlings than In rye middlings, al
though feeding tests show that wheat
| middlings are but very little better
than run mM<41lnaa IaoIs
have shown that pigs fed on rye mid
dlings are. quite likely to go nil feed,
which is not so common an occur
re nee with wheat middlings. With
prices the same, wheat middlings
would he the better feed, but If rye
middlings can be purchased for some
what less than the other, It will be
to the feeder's advantage to use tbem.
DAIRY NOTE'S
Bad bar or fodder should never be
fed to tbe cow.
? ? ?
Sunlight la death to disease germs.
Flood the atable with sunlight.
# ? "?
Always provide the cow with a good
bed to He on. Be a good friend to your
cows.
ess
Water with the chill taken out la
best for the mi^k cows. Put a heater
In the tank.
See
The reason many cows kick Is be
cause they have beeh kicked first.
Ever think about that?
? ? ?
The way to produce milk profitably
is to have cows bred for that pur
pose. Do not try to make a cow do
two things at the same tme.
? -? ? ?
Fertile farms are necessary if per
manent agriculture la to be estab
lished and the dairy cow offers the
simplest and best possible means of
securing these fertile fields.
Id the cutters on the roof, causing the
water to overflow and littering up the
building generally, but this Is the
worst < charge We are able to bring
against the English sparrow.?Ex
change. ^
, The Right flort. '
"Apropos of the Indians who are
fighting in' France; a thought struck
me"
"What was It r
"A good kind to use lu their trench
work would be the Digger Indiana."
? *, V ?,; ? \i .
FOR COLORED SALADS
*
DISHES THAT AOO ATTRACTION
TO TABLE.
Possible to Mako Tham n Almost
Any Color Deslrad?Orange Salad .
On# of the Particular
Pavorttos.
Yellow.?To maka a yellow salad at
this time of year use the yellower
heart leaves of lettuce On them put
diced orange pulp, dressed with
French dressing, and sprinkled with
chopped walnut meats. Or else scoop
out the centers of small yellow
skinned apples and fill them with a
mixture of orange and apple, dressed
with mayonnaise made with lemon
Juice for thinning and flarorlng of
mustard.
Green.?On green but tender leaves
of lettuce, put a little mound of spin
ach which has been boiled and
pressed through a sieve and mixed
with French dressing. In the center
of each mound, concealed by the spin
ach. put a spoonful of chopped hard
boiled egg.
Green and White.?Peel and boll
tiny white turnips of equal slxe and
hollow out the center of each. Fill
with cold boiled peas and mayonnaise
and put on green lettuce leaves.
White.?Celery, potato, chicken?
white meat only?whlteflsh. blanched
asparagus?any or two of these may
be used fot'whlte salad. Dress-with
French dressing or with a white may
onnaise. to which the beaten white
of ah egg has been added and which
has been thinned with vinegar.
Red.?Scoop out the Inside# of to
matoes. Save the slice removed from
the top for a cover and replace It on
the tomato after (HUng It with a mix-,
ture of celery and nut meats, mixed
with mayonnaise. Place each tomato
bn a white leaf of lettuce.
Pink.?Strain tomato Juice and mix
It with equal quantity of white stock
?veal or chicken. Thicken sufficiently
with gelatin and harden in molds.
Serve on white lettuce leaves, with
mayonnaise that has been colored
with a little cranberry Juice.
Orange Salad.?Make mayonnaise
with much egg yolk In proportion to
other Ingredients, and tbln with
elder vinegar. Dice tender carrots and
arrange on lettuce leaves, dressing
with Orance mayonnaise.
UpAUimUND
B#1KHISE
If roar soup Is too salty try adding
a few slices of raw potatoes and cook
a little longer. The potatoes will ab
sorb the surplus salt.
Before stuffing a chicken rub it In
side and out with bacon drippings.
Sausage instead of stuffing in a chlck
en is an agreeable thing.
A generous piece of newspaper
crumpled into ridges acta as an effi
cient drain to all croquettes, fritters,
doughnuts and bacon.
Rubber bands are inexpensive and
are of great use in preparing lunches
to fasten the waxed paper around
sandwiches, cakes, fruits, etc.
When running dates or figs through
the meat cffopper add a few drops of
lemon Juice to pre'vent the fruit from
clogging the chopper.
Kitchen scissors for cutting raisins
and figs, lettuce, parsley, and so on
are exceedingly bandy.
Meatlass Mince Pie.
Half a cup of molashes, two-thirds
cupful of water, two-tbirds of a cupful
of vinegar, one cupful of sugar, one
cupful of breadcrumbs, one cupful of
chopped ralstns. one cupful of minced
apples, one tablespoon,ul of cloves,
one tablespoonful of cinnamon, one
nutmeg grated, and add a piece of but
ter the site of a hen's egg. Mix rll
the ingredients and heat the mixture
thoroughly without really allowing it
to cook, stirring it often. While hot,
AH into the pie pans, baking it with
two crusts.
Baked Apples.
Select large tart apples. Wash and
wipe dry. Remove the centers with
an apple corer. Arrange them in a
pan, with a very little water, filling
the centers with sugar. Dip the sirup
over them two or three times while
baking. Serve warm with cream
These may be made more delicate by
parting the apples and baking in an
earthen pudding dish, filling the cen
ters with sugar, chopped raisins and
nuts, a piece of butter and a little
lemon Juice.
FISH Turbot.
Here is a nice recipe called fish
turbot: Steam a white fish until ten
der, take out bones and sprinkle with
pepper and salt. For dressing beat
one pint of milk and thicken with
a quarter pound of flour. When cool
add two eggs, quarter pound butter
and season with onion and parsley;
put in baking dish a layer of flab, then
a layer of sauce until full. Cover with
crumbs and bake halt hour.
Macaroni Souffle.
Into one cupful of cream sauce sea
soned with salt, pepper, minced para
ley and onion Juice stir one cupful
of chopped boiled macaroni. When
hot add beaten yolks of two eggs, cook
one minute and set sway to cool.
When cold stir in stiffly beaten whites
of eggs; cover with grated cheese or
crumbs and bake in a buttered dish
10 minutes. Serve with mushroom
lauce
Coffee Frsppe.
Put two ounces of finely pounded
fresh roasted coffee into a pint of milk
with six ounces of loaf sugar; let it
boil, then leave It to get cold; strain it
on the yqlks of six eggs In a doodle
boiler and stir on the Are till the
euetard thickens; when quite cold
work into it a gill and a half of
whipped cream; freese the mixture;
then All the mold and keep on Ice
until the time of serving.
Lilians
Juja farm
OUT In British East Africa, al
most directly under the equa
tor, lies Juja Farm, the
Immense ranch owned by Wll
Ham N. McMillan, once a busi
ness man In 8L Louis. After twenty
years of exploration and adventure, he'
has settled down there to the rela
tively quiet life of a farmer and hunt
er, and his greatest excitement nowa
days comes la the entertainment of
some noted bunter of big gams, like
Theodore Roosevelt, the sultan of Zan
slbar, Lord Lonsdale, Aga Khan and
Chase Osborn of Michigan.
The 40,000 acres of Juja Farm, and
the smaller 15,000-acre holdings of
Mrs. McMillan, Mua Farm, some 16
miles away, stand 6,600 feet above sea
level, on the great Mua escarpment
of Eastern Africa, 625 miles Inland
from Membasa. principal British Afri
can port in the Indian ocean.
Here, In a long, low, one-story farm
house, with vine-covered verandas and
numerous outbuildings, Mr. McMillan
lives the life of a British landed pro
prietor, In almost feudal splendor,
ruling the natives residing on his hold
ings, hunting the elephant, the rhi
noceros and the lion, and protecting his
herds and flocks and people from their
ravages. On his broad acres, the lord
ly lion and his vicious spouse, king It
over their follow creatures; here are
rhinoceros, hideous hyena and beau
tlful leopard; here graceful gaxelle
and powerful, ungainly gnus, alert and
wary, cross the endless flats; from
the vine-covered veranda of the low
beamed house can be seen black and
white striped zebra and ruddy harte
beest, reed buck and waterbuck. Im
mense eland and tiny dlkdik, and all
the other half hundred antelope varie
ties that disport on the equatorial
plains. In the papyrus marshes dot
ting the bosom of the swamps and rim
ming every sea-green lake, the terrible
being mayor and chief of colloe, half
of city fatberi and municipal Justice,
all bound up In one stalwart, tmprea
aire presence, for under the colonial
systenuof Ftrltiah government, as a
landed proprietor, holding acreage un
der purchase from tho crown, sad
more than 15 miles from'town or other
seat of permanent Justice, he la en
dowed with magisterial powers, and
may settle all cases of minor minds
meanors, theft and petty savage
knavery, which carry with them as
deprivation of liberty.
Of this vast plantation only a small
part Is under cultivation, bat the wide
fields of sprouting malic, the great
stretches of slaal hemp and coffee, the
Clustering blossoms of the American
orchard and. the aweet fragrance of
the gardens jail testify to the wealth
and generosity of the soil of the farm
stead. Cattle and sbeep, horses and
monkeys grace in the thick lush grass
of the high elopes, beside the queer,
beehive huts of the natives, under the
care of Masai shepherds.
Buffalo Mopt Dangerous.
Unlike Mr. Roosevelt. who ban as
pressed the opinion that the lion Is
the most dangerous of African ani
mals to hunt, and Sir Samuel Baker
and othpr mighty hunters, who yield
the palm to the elephant, Mr. McMil
lan, after almost 15 years' experience,
unhesitating places the water buffalo
as the moat dangerous foe to human
life, when wounded and brought ta
bay by the huntsman.
The rhinoceros, in Mr. McMillan's
opinion la of little actual danger to an
experienced'and thoroughly alert msa.
Poeseased, apparently, of the moat sav
age and erratic temper of any of the
larger animals. It can see but poorly
out of those red, pig-like eyes, being
scarcely able to distinguish a mac a
abort distance away. Then, when be
RttlNOCCROS HUKHHO ON JUJA FARM
juffalo and the queer, strange looking
wart hpgs make sinuous lanes of pas
sage, while tu the deeper waters lid
sluggish hippopotami and voracious,
insatiable crocodiles. The mincing
ostrich preens itself among the flat
topped acacias, and in the taller, stur
dier mimosa growths the giraffe keeps
keen-eyed vigil tor the approaching
foe.
Overhead, from the taller branches
and under toot in the Jungle growths,
come the trills and calls and
reed-like notes of the bewildering
wealth of bird life that fills the tropic
forests, while threading serenely
through thU nattinlTwonderland. pass
to and fro the natives of the estate,
the well-nigh naked savage, primitive
Wakamba, and unsmiling, serious
Kikuyu, warlike Masai and mors civil
lied Mohammedan Somali.
An Army of Servants.
There are some *00 natives of the
various tribes employed on Juja Farm,
house servants end farm hands, labor
ers, horse boys, shepherds, porters and
askarl. or native soldiery. Over these
Mr. McMillan rules with a kindly1 rein.
charges, he run* blindly, throwing bla
huge bulk forward In a straight Una
from which he seldom deviates. The
hunter. If be be sure-footed and col
lected, should his fire tail to stop the
gigantic beast, can easily evade him
by dodging, stepping aside when the
charge almost upon him, and there
is but little likelihood of the rhiae
returning to the attack.
These animals art much give* to
wanton attacks, seemingly running
amuck at times. On one such occa
sion, a rhino came out of the nearby
brush and charged wildly through the
Juja Farm garden. Coming upon one
of the native laborers who. squatting
savage style on his haunches, was
weeding the flower beds, he Impaled
the unsuspecting negro on his long
horn, tossed him high Into the air, and
trampled on in his errand of destruc
tion. He reached the road outside,
charged lengthwise through a It-yoke
oxen team, upsetting the wagon, and
then, going out to the plain beyond,
charged the farm overseer and was
promptly shot by that experienced
huntsman.
Ancient King ? Terror.
Mlthrldatea, king of Pontius, li rare
y mentioned nowadays, but In tbe
year 88 B. C. he was the terror of the
world., He killed his own family,
slaughtered seven different kings and
tbelr courts, marched through Asia
and left everywhere trails of dead. He
Invaded Oreece and there slaughtered
nearly half a million human beings,
then be marched against Rome with
awful carnage. In his own army he
lost only 85,000 men, but he Is thought
to have killed at least twenty times
that number of his enemies.
Old Pension Plan.
They had a roundabout way of be
stowing military pensions In the old
days. Witness this official communi
cation from the British war office In
the reign of Queen Anne Her majes
ty, It runs, has been pleased to grant
Htton Minehull, a child, a commis
sion as ensign In consequence of the
loss of his father, who died In the
service. And Flttoo was at the same
time granted furlough until further
order, his army pay belag -ent regu
larly to his mother.
Answered His Question.
Prince George of Detunkrk was nick
named "Est-11-poaslble by James It
It Is said that when the startling
events of tbe revolution of 1<U suc
ceeded one another with breathless
rapidity, tbe emotions of Prince George
found vent In the repeated sxclamar
tlon: "Est-11 possible?" King James,
enumerating thoss who had forsaken
him, said: "And est-ll-posslble ban
gone, tool"
When Dad la All Right.
He may have a greasy bat and the
seat of his pants may be shiny, btst
if a man's children have their' noons
flattened against tbe window pane n
half hour before he la due home to
supper, you can trust him with any
thing you have. He is all rlghtr-CMs
clnuatl Enquirer.
Vinegar In Ink. 2j|
Very often ink gets stringy or attf.
This Is caused by the action of the
air. A few drops of vinegar put lot*
tbe Ink will make It usable again, bag_
the better Dlan la to keep the ink hnfr
tie covered.