Newspapers / The News-Herald (Ahoskie, N.C.) / March 5, 1915, edition 1 / Page 3
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SWINE PROFITABLE ON SOUTHERN FARMS A Champion Poland CI (TrtcwM br the United Statu Depart ment of Agriculture.) The farmer who la chiefly concerned with ma tint a living tor hla family will find It cheaper to grow n large portion of hla own meat than to buy It all from the atore with the caah pro oeeda of aoma money crop Hogs may be raised profitably on practically every southern farm, and If properly managed, should supply money as well food. Early settlers in the corn belt gave the name of "mortgage lifters'* to their hogs; they can raise .a mortgage la the South as well as In the corn belt. Four things are necessary If the southern farmer wishes to get a start. L A place to raise and fatten ptgs. I. A pig worth raising and fattening. 9. Feed on which to raise and fatten them. 4. The necessary funds. Let us consider these points In re verse order. 1. This article Is written for the man whose principal concern Is to sup ply food for his family. For such a man one or two sdws will oe enough. Qood grade sows can he bought for <10 or >16 each; roorbacks can ha bought for less and will produce good pigs If bred to a good pure-bred boar. If there Is no pure-bred boar la the neighborhood whose services can be obtained, enough men should club to gether to represent the ownership of SO to 25 sows and buy a good boar, paying pro rata for the boar, depend ing on the number of sows owned by each. Boars can be bcfcht for from 910 to $25 for weaned pigs, and from 9*0 to 9100 for yearling and two-year, old hoga. If 20 men owning 20 lows bought a yearling boar for 950, each i man would pay 92.60 toward the price A Well-Finished Lot of Pigs. of the boar. Put the boar In tbe hands of one of the members of the club and let each other member agree to par him one pig at weaning time for the care of the boar for one rear, tor attending to the breeding, etc. When soars comes in heat, tfter .ran be loaded on a wagon and carried to tbe farm where the boar la kept for service. 1. Sows farrow almost -exactlr 1* weeks after tber are bred.'' When the sow farrows try to be near at hand. Do not worry her with attention, bat be there If she needs It Watch that the Dusiards do not carry ofl the little pigs or Injure the sow. Give her a warm, thin slop as soon as she begins to more around. Then leave her alone for a while. That evening give her a slop with a little bran or porn meal in it Feed Hghtly for a few days and Increase her feed gradually until the sow Is getting about four pounds of grain .each day for each 100 pounds of her weight. This will be within a week or ten days after she has farrowed. She should be fed morning and eve ning. Kitchen scrap* and slops will be good for her and will reduce the grain needed somewhat. These slops must not contain any soap or glass. As corn Is the most available grain In most sections of the South, It win hare to be relied on for feeding both the sows and pigs. With the grazing crops which are suggested for hogs a fairly well-balanced ration will be ob tained. When you are about ready to wean the pigs reduce the sow's fbed so that by the time the pigs are weaned she will hare only about two pounds of grain each day for each 100 pounds of her weight. Keep her on a Bermuda pasture and let her hare this ration until she Is In good,condition. Keep sows In good flesh, but not excessively tat Sows can be mad* to produce two litters each year. When this Is de sired they should be bred at the first period of heat after the pigs are weaned. Sows bred twice each year ll _ - _ _ - __________ ilea Sow Prom Missouri. will not produce no many pigs In each litter as when bred only once a year, bat more pica should be raised In a year from eaeb sow. It does not pay to try to raise boga on grain alone. In fact, the profit in pig raising, especially In the Booth, depends directly on the amount of pas ture of some kind used to enable the pig to make Its gain In weight Of the southern forage crops peanuts, soy beans, rape and cowpeas are especially valuable. Now, these are not avail able all through the year, therefore we use a series of crops. For example, have some winter oats on which the sews can turned as soon as the pigs are a week or two old- When these are gone put the pigs on good Ber muda and lespedeza pasture. Hare a crop of soy beans or cowpeas coming and turn the pigs on this after wean ing. keeping the sows on the Ber muda. When these are gone put the pigs In a peanut patch, and finish fab toning them on rape. The pigs should be weaned at ten or twelve weeks of age and should then weigh about 30 pounds. They should have learned to eat a little grain by going to the sow's trough. Then be gin to feed them. Give them every day grain equal to 2 per cent of their weight A pig weighing 30 pounds should have 61 pounds of grain; ten pigs of this weight six pounds, etc. Dtvlde this Into two feeds, morning and evening. This amount of grain will make them grew nicely on good pasture. As they grow. Increase the amount of grain. When they weigh about 126 pounds give them 3 per cent of their weight In grain, and when they weigh about 160 pounds each give them 4 per cent and finish them off, slaughtering In the winter on a cool day. Pigs properly fed should weigh 200 pounds at nine months old. Do not feed cottonseed meal to hogs. It Is not necessary to spend a lot of maney to carry out such a plan. Of course, the Bermuda pasture where the sews are turned should have a good fence. The crops on which the pigs are grazed can be fenced with homemade hurdles of lumber or woven wire, which may be moved as desired, and the pigs will stay la It while the pasture Is good. Ten pigs can be kept on half an acre of one of the crops mentioned above from four to eight weeks, depending on their else. 3. A poor pig Is not worth raising or feeding. Tour pigs should be sired by a good pure-bred Duroc Jersey, Berkshire, or Poland China boar. After you have decided which of the three you want, stick to the same breed and In a little while you will have pigs which are very much alike, a model for others, and an advertisement for your community. It you can afford It start with good grade sows. If not natives (razorbacks) will do. White pigs should not be used In the South, as they sunburn badly. 4. Expensive houses are not neces sary tor hogs in the South. Olve the sow a dry place to (arrow, a pen well bedded and skeltered from cold winds and storms, and both she and the plgf will do welL Little pigs that get chilled or wet soon after tlrth often die or grow Into "runts." If there is no suitable place around the farm for the sow, make a lean-to with poles, about 10 by 13 feet, six feet high In front and four feet high behind, facing, it to the south, and thatch it with straw, cheap hay, or even cornstalks, and the litter will be well housed. Make the thatch roof hljgber In the middle than at the sides and smooth It down so that rain will run off. Two sows should raise Ave pigs each, giving the farmer ten pigs to slaughter. These pigs should weigh, when slaughtered, 100 pounds each, making 1,000 pounds of live weight This costs about 3H cents per pound to make In the 8outh under the system described above, which is an original cost of 170. Killing will cost not over (I. The loss In dressing is about 30 per cent of the live weight, or 600 pounds on ten pigs, so that 1,400 pounds of dressed pork Is on hand aft er slaughtering. If you can get a local ice plant to chill and cure the meat for you, the manager should charge not over four cents per'pound, which is 356. Then the mkat loses weight In curing, amounting to about one cent ,per pound, or $14. The total oost of the meat Is about as follows: Raising 3.000 pounds, at 3H cents per pound ? .,.??$ 70 Killing ? Curing 1,400 pounds at 4 cents per pound 56 Shrinkage on 1,400 pounds at 1 cent per pound 14 Total |146 fall Fresh Cow. The moot profitable dairy cow for tha Southwest comes treeb la tho au tumn. tho opposite is true in east ern dairy districts, and the reason lies la the cost of winter feed. In the fconthwest it is as cheap to winter a cow as it is to pay her board bill dur ing tho summer Buy o Oood Dairy Com MbSSliil a dairy cow, it is most . economical to buy a good-one. A oow casting 170 Is likely to r*re twice as much milk as a cow coetlnr $45 or $50, whO* costing little more to' rapport! The beat way to obtain a good dairy herd Is to buy a pure-bred bull with a pedigree that shows his dam and grand dams to hare been large producers of milk and to breed up a herd with him as a foundation, saving the beat heifer calves and caring fur them well Delvy "reeds. Dairy breeds of cattle are Jersey, Guernsey, Ayrshire, Holateln, Dutch Belted and Brown Bwiaa. M ' wEj : ?? j LIVE-STOCK-FRUIT-DAIRYING-GARDENING FIELD CMW-SllCSk IBS Naw Wrtnklee FARM Making tha I and r"m^' Progreaalve Bualneaa Agriculture FIELD Profitable TOLD IN AM IITERilTM MAI&MEA EXMEULY ??-??? READERS BEST TIME FOR FRESHENING Several Good Reasons for Having Cows Drop Calves During Months of 8?ptember and October. It la genecally held by breeders that It I* best to have cows freshen In the months of September and October. There are several reasons for having cows calve at this time. First, the co~' will produce more milk when she freshens In the fall instead of In the spring; second, the prices for dairy products are higher during the winter months than in summer; third, calves born in the tall may be turned nut to We Should Keep Cowl Adapted to Our Needs. pasture to better advantage than those born In the spring; they are older and more capable ot protecting themselves from flies. When cows freshen at this season of the year, and it is desired to have them freshen the following year at the same time. It Is necessary to carry them for threw months before breeding, This Is the usual practice among the best dairymen. We would say that It would be bet ter to begin breeding the animals the first of January If it In desired to have them freshen In the fall, for it la quite possible that It will require more than one breeding.?Hoard's Dairyman. CLEAN WATER IS NECESSARY Artificial Pond Erected by Illinois Farmer Proves Quite Adequate for All Needs of Farm. Good clean water la an essential necessary for the comfort and well being of the dairy herd. Spring or well water, If good, is possibly the best, but when there is not a sufficient supply a good deep pond does not come amiss. We have an artificial pond which supplies our needs in this direction, which is ordinarily from twelve to fourteen feet deep, coot and clean. This pond was made by building a dam across a hollow in the pasture 45 feet wide at the bottom and wide enough at the top so a team could be driven across, says an Illinois writer in Farmers' Review. A wall on the in side of the dam was constructed of two-Inch white oak boards to keep the wash from breaking the dam. The outlet is not over the dam, but on the side. To accomplish this task three teams and four or five men were kept busy for three weeks. After the dam had settled It was built up to the neces sary height twice at different Inter vals. Here we row with a skiff at leisure, and have a good old-fashioned 'swim when we so desire In the winter we have a place to skate, and a most excellent place to get an abundance of Ice for the icehouse. Not only this, but the neighborhood at threshing time has the privilege of securing all the water they wish to use. When the wells go dry there Is plenty there to fill the demand. It took a lot of hard labor and backache, but It has given us 13 years or more of service. JUDGMENT IN BUYING COWS If Animal Has Charaetarlatlc Color Maritlnos for Hsr Braad She Is Always Easily Salabla. When buying cowa, don't buy any thing that won't sell well again In case you should want to do so. The beat demand la for grade cowa of the leading breeds, and .If a cow of the characteristic color markings for her breed, she is easily salable. Of course, to sell a cow on the strength of her color alone Is hardly fair to the buyer. Get them with color combined with production. The chances are, how ever, that'once you hare a nice look ing cow that is a persistent milker you will not be tempted to part with her, no matter how short of money you may be. Watar Supply for CJwa. la wlntar the watar supply for dairy cowa should have close attention. If watered from an outdoor tank the water should have Its chill removed before cows are allowed to drink It; If cows are watered In the barn, be sure the watering devices are free from mth that may render the water Impure or unwholesome. By all means water cows regularly. Touchstones of Success. Comfort and contentment are the touchstones of success. When a cow Is comfortable and contented, she re sponds with a flow of milk far in ex cess of that die gives whan she Is un comfortable and Irritated. II 1 ' ?" ? "?"?WNWpWWMMWPIW? PRUDENT TREATMENT OF EWE Ifc Winter Keep Her en Clover or Al falfa Hay Until After Lamb Cornea?01 ve Some Wheat Bran. A sensible treatment of the ewe that lambs In winter la to keep ber mostly on clover or alfalfa hay until after her lamb comes. There will be no need to limit the amount of hay that she consumes after lambing and then when her lamb takes all ber milk and wishes more, begin feeding her a little wheat bran. For a week bran will suffice, gradually Increasing the amount fe<J, then there may be added to It a little chopped corn or barley and a little later some oil-meal. A pound a day' of this mixture will keep her In good milk flow and It must be gradually led up to for about ten days. About the right proportions of this mixture are lOu pounds of wheat bran, 1*0 pounds of chopped corn and 30 pounds of oil-meal. This with clover or alfalfa hay will push her to a very heavy milk flow. If she Is a large 'ewe she may consume more than a pound to advantage, as much as two pounds being consumed by some large Dorset ewes. If this feed Is so gradually Intro duced to the ewe that ber digestion Is not disturbed nor her milk flow stim ulated too much at first, there Is small danger of overfeeding her, suppqelng that the Iamb Is to be pushed for early market Her unselfish nature turns the feed quickly Into milk and little of It goes to nourish ber own body. HORSES IN STORMY WEATHER Sufficient Care Not Always Observed When Animal Has Been Heated After Strenuous Drive. It ia not generally realized to what an extent loss In horseflesh Is suf fered on account of exposure In stormy and cold weather, not only In cities, but also on farms. When the hoyse la driven rapidly or required to dflaw heavy loadg, the action of the beartida increased, the blood circulates' wuftv freely and rapidly to the lung/and' the surface of the body, and pe be comes bested. Then the horse swe^ffiT more or less, and when In this condi tion is more sensitive and more liable to be Injured by currenfS'of cold air or by exposure to rain. This Is not suf ficiently considered, and It Is a very common occurrence to see such a horse left by his driver to Btand In the: street without any protection what ever until he Is chilled through. Even where there Is some appearance of care, In the way of providing a blanket for use on such occasions, this Is fre quently put on In such a way as to leave the most sensitive portions of the body exposed. When a horse is allowed to stand so the currents of cold air strike the breast, the result Is likely to be more or less serious lung trouble, and this may be brought about In much less time than many suppose. , SLAUGHTER HOGS IN WINTER Good Plan to Provide Double Hook, Bant Into "U" Shape, to Sup port Gambrel Stick. Farmers use a pole to bang the hoga on at slaughtering time in win ter. On this pole a gambrel stick la placed, the ends being inserted In the hack of the animal's leg. It la always a hard job to do the banging and place the gambrel stick at the same time, writes Leslie R. Sutter of Towanda. III., In Popular Mechanics. A better way Is to provide a double '? . If. Hook Provide* Easy Way to Hang Hog After Cambrel It in Place. hook of metal, heavy enough to nip port the animal, and hang the gam brel atlck on thla hook, at shown. The metal may be square or round, bent Into a U-shape of such dimen sions that It will Qt over the timber used In hanging the hogs and with a hook formed on each end- It It an easy matter to Insert the gambrel while the hog Is lying on the work, table, then lift It by the gambrel and place the latter on the hooks. Winter Shtd for Wagons. If there It no room In the barn for the wagons during winter time, a few dollars will build a shed ih which to shelter them from the storms. The taring In paint and strength of wood would astonish you if there was any way to estimate it. Fresh Pork Is Rallthtd. Have you got a pig In the pen for fattening? Fresh pork Is relished at this time' of the year and there It no reason why the farmer should not be entitled to the best that may be had. The farmer's wife has plenty of work to do this time of yesr without dress ing chickens. Look Over Seed Corn. Now It the time to begin looking over the seed corn. Teat It carefully with some of the improved toed test ers. It is much better to test your seed corn In the house than to test It In the field when planting time comes. HOW TO HANDLE PRIZE-WINNING POULTRY Black Langahana. First, know -Svhat sort of a bird I* a prise winner. To do this study the pictures Qf winning birds that are shown In the farm papers and poultry Journals. Compare the best of your Bock with these. When you go among the flock to pick your birds, look for those that have grown rapidly, and are well feathered. Don't take those that have dull, life less feathers. Don't take any that are out of pro portion. or that show any sort of a malformation, as a crooked back or breastbone. ? Don't take birds which are sup posed to have clean legs and feet and which have feathers there Instead. It doesn't pay to show fowls which will be disqualified. There are minor faults, however, which may be overlooked. For it doesn't matter greatly whether a cock erel ban one too many points on his comb. Too much stress should not be laid on faults which do not really dis qualify. After the birds are selected, they should be tamed. Tame birds act bet rter In the show room. Take them up and handle them. Practice putting them into show coops, handling them carefully so as not to frighten them. 'Never take a bird up by Its feet. Put H Into tbe coop head first and take It out by grasping It by the thighs, over the wing and under the breast. In MOLDY FEED BAD FOR HENS Cause of Many Deaths Among Poultry, Particularly Among" Young Chicks, Can Ba Prevented. Don't give poultry moldy feed. It causes aspergillosis and chickens af flicted with this are "lungers." "Moldy feed and moldy litter in poultry houses sre the cause of many deaths among poultry, and particularly among your chicks," saya J. B. Hayes of the poultry department of the Uni versity of Wisconsin. These molds taken into the body of the fowl cause a disease known as aspergillosis which Is as fatal as the name sounds. Among poultry men, the chicks affected with this trouble are commonly spoken of as "lungers." The chick stands around In a drowsy manner and shows little desire to eat. The wings hang down, the breath is rapid, and white diarrhea is pres ent. Indeed, the disease Is many times mistaken for white diarrhea Older birds, when attacked, are Inac tive and sleepy. If forced to run, they will fall from exhaustion. The breath ing la rapid, the appetite is diminished and more or leas catarrh is present. I An affected chick will be found to have soft yellow growths from the size of a plnbead to that of a pea, mainly In the lungs but sometimes In the In testines and mesentery. These growths clog the air passages of the lungs and so cause the death of-the birds. In mature fowls there are two forms of the disease. The membranes lining the air aacs and tubes may be covered with a membranous formation which Is soft and yellowish and has an of fensive odor. Or there may be white or yellowish nodules imbedded in the tissues of the lungs. In either case the disease is Incurable. But since it ia caused by moldy feed or moldy litter It can be entirely pre vented by cleaning up the poultry house once in a while and keeping moldy feed and litter away from the flock. This is only one of the many poultry troubles that can be avoided by clean feed and clean pens and farda~~?. Car* of Detail* Important. Aa a rule It la the taking care of the little things that goea furthest toward making a success of any business. This Is especially true in the poultry business. Until one masters this fea ture of the work he cannot hope to be a real success. This Is one reason why many women are really successful In the raising of chickens. They have the inborn faculty tor detail In their work. Persistans* Make* 8uc*?ss. Those who become discouraged at a few failures will seldom succeed with poultry. Failures are often met in any line, and poultry la no excep tion to this rule. It takes persistence to make a success at anything. Increase the Meat Ration. Remember. In cold weather to fa crease the meat ration, as the hens need It to keep up the heat for tha body. Id Stimulating Peed. t-ctaps eared at butchering time .nake a Ane stimulating teed la cold weather. this way the bird cannot flap Its wings and break them, and yon cause It no discomfort. Practice up on some of your common stock before you tackle your show birds. When you hare learned how to do It you can handle tbem all you wish. Do. not overfeed your birds before shipping. If yon are going to ship to a show where the birds are weighed In, see to it that they arrive at the show rooms with good sppetltes. The. show management W1U see to it that they are properly fed before- being weighed. Feed just what they will clean up and remove the rest It doesn't pay to cram before shipping. When they arrive, they have no appe tites, and are weighed In to poor ad vantage. ^ The male birds should be kept sepa rate. Otherwise the two best ones are almost sure to get to lighting just before the show, and will thus be out of condition. If yju must keep them together, be sure that your show bird Is master of the coop. Otherwise he becomes cowed and will not show to good advantage. If In doubt In regard to any points about your birds, consult some local authority who can tell you just which Is the best bird. Provide Dusting Boxes. Provide dusting boxes and keep them well filled with loose dirt. VARIETY FOR WINTER EGGS Bc*t Results Secured From Laying Fowls by Using Ground Food, Most and Qrsan Stuff. Variety ot feed Is wbat makes tbe winter eggs. Corn three times s day as a rule builds up fatty tissue, makes hens iaxy and reduces profit. "Animal food, ground food and a generous supply of green stuff pro duce the best results for laying fowls.'' says 1. Q. Halpln, head of the poultry department of tbe University of Wis consin. The exercise so needful for poultry can be provided in winter by working the grain ration well into the litter ot fresh straw that should be provided as a carpet on the feeding floors. A good variety of grain should be provided; some corn, wheat, oats and barley Mixed together, or fed alternately, makes a satisfactory ration. A grain ration for winter use that has given good results at the experi ment station farm consists of two par^s corn, two parts wheat, one part oats and one part barley. It is recommended that the ground feed be placed in a small mash box or trough "where the hen can have ready access to it. The following mix ture of ground feeds is considered to be quite satisfactory; One hundred pounds brkn, 100 pounds middlings, 100 pounds ground corn,- (0 pounds malt sprouts, 50 pounds meat scraps, and sufficient salt Green Bone for Fowl*. . Green bone can be fed advanta geously to fowla Intended for different purposes and kept under different conditions. It la a great help In has tening the growth of young birds, but the greatest help of this food to the average poultry raiser Is In feeding it during the winter months to supply animal food. When ted to laying hens the yield will be increased won derfully. and the poultry raiser will be well paid for the labor expended In cutting. It Is a food which all fowls eat readily, and one that must be fed judiciously. Much Attention Is Necessary. Chickens are easy to hatch In Incu bators, and are easy to raise If one has a bouse for the purpose and good brooders and gives them good atten tion; but one cannot go visiting three days In a week and raise chickens. But no business can be managed suc cessfully if the manager does not apply business principles, stick to his work and know It from beginning to end. Indication of Fowl's Health. The condition of the bowe|s Is the beat Indication of the fowl's health. When the droppings are more or less hard, of ? dark brown color, capped with white, we know the fowl Is enjoy ing the best of health. But when they are watery and yellow, Indigestion, It not liver trouble. Is the cause. Build Blowly. If you are looking for a get-rtch quick scheme, don't go Into the chick en business. On the other hand. If you will start small, build slowly sad study as you go, yon can make a spteo dld Income from poultry raising ROADS IN BETTER CONDITION i . Split-Log Drag of Groat Sorvlce la Kaoplng Thoroughfares In Shape ?How It la Built. The use of the split-lot drat la Im portant In putting the roads In shape. There are over 3,006,000 miles of earth roads In the country, and the spHt-log drag la of great service la keeping them In economical repair. The drag Is used in many states and In foreign countries. It is used with two, thrse, or four horses, and is easily con structed. It is a mistake to construct a heavy drag. A dry red cedar log Is the best material for a drag. Red elm and wal nut when thoroughly dried are excel lent, and box elder, soft maple, or even willow are preferable to oak, hickory or ash. The log should be seven or eight feet long, and from ten to twelve inches in diameter, and carefully split down the middle. The heaviest and best slabs should be selected for the front At a point on the front slab four inches from the end that is to be at the middle of the road locate the center of the hole to receive a crone stake. and 23 laches from the other end of the front slab locate the center for another cross stake. The hole for the middle stake will lie on a line connecting and halfway between the other two. The back slab should then be placed In a position behind the other. From the end at the middle of the road measure 10 inches for the center of the cross stake, and six inches from the other end locate the center of the ? The 8plll-tOfl Drag. yntslde (take. Find the center of the middle hble as before. When these holes ere brought opposite each other, one end of the beck slab will He IS Inches nearer the center of the road way than the frbnt one. The holes should be two Inches In diameter. Care must be taken to hold the auger plumb in boring these holes In order that the stakes shall lit properly. The two 'slabs should be held 30 Inches apart by the stakes. The stakes should taper gradually toward the ends. There should be no shoul der at the point where (he stakes en ter the slab. The stakes should be fastened In place by wedges only. When the stakes hare been placed la position and tightly wedged a brace two Inches thick and four Inches wide should be placed diagonally to them at the ditch end. The brace should be dropped on thp front slab, so that Its lower edge shall lie within an Inch of the ground, while the other end should rest In the angle, between the slab and the end stake. A strip of Iron about three and one-half feet long, three or four Inches wide, and one-halt of an intfh thick may be used for the blade. An ordinary trace chain Is strong enough to draw the Implement, pro vided the clevis Is not fastened through a link. The chain should be wrapped around the rear stake, then passed over the front slab. Raising the chain at this end of the slab allows the earth to drift past the face of the drag. The other ehd of the chain should be passed through the hole la the end of the slab. Make-Up of Dairy Cow. . ~ A wide, deep aad full barrel or side Is very important In a dairy cow. She must have plenty of room In which to manufacture milk from food and a large barrel Indicates large digestive organs. A wide mouth and long, strong jaws also indicate that Bossy Is, like Bill Nye, "fond of food." She ough also to have a large belly and model staly high flank. Beautify Home Grounds. Set ont fruit trees where they will add to the beauty of the grounds. Applying Manure. When we apply manure to the grass land we get the lever under the very center of gravity of the whole farm. When the grass crop comes up the whole farps comes up with It I Spread of Cholera Germs. Keep a loaded gun for pigeons, rata and lMgHsh sparrows that cany ho* cholera germs. ? 1 ""1111 bi'Jt ? ?cares Men. The 100-egg per year Ben la almost as scarce as the ben with teeth.
The News-Herald (Ahoskie, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
March 5, 1915, edition 1
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