Newspapers / The News-Herald (Ahoskie, N.C.) / Dec. 7, 1917, edition 1 / Page 7
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J .1" I ? . I. ? ' I WINTER 6ARDE<| Oft EVERY SOUTHERN FARM (Prepared tty Ik* Uattsa 8<?tii Depart ment of Agriculture.)! Every Koutheru gardeu sl?.\ild have a supply of lettuce, spinach ?\jd rad labe* throughout the tall *nd \viui<-r and spring, aa they .can be taaily grown and form valuable addition* to the usual dry, plater diet. With more of auch food products In the diet, there would lie leaa um far spring tonics and other medlclnee. In addition to this. these food producta are palatable and aorve to (over the cost of living. ' Theee aropa attain their beet devel op Blunt on a and; loan soil wall sup plied with humus or deeded vegetable ?natter. All of them thrive best duriug the late fall or early spring and will not withstand the heat of rammer, la ?II section* of the lower South, lettuce, spinach and radishes con be grown to the open throughout the fall, winter and spring. In the more northern of i the Southern states and la high altl tudes theee crops can be grown In fall l and spring In the open and during the winter In hotbeds or cold frames. To have lettuce and radishes throughout the seaaon. It la advisable to make sowing* of aeeds every two or three week*. Aa aoqn aa the crop Is removed, another crop should be planted. The radish aeed might be sown between the row* of lettuce If hand cultivation la to be given. The radlshea would ly harvested before the letttlre reached sufficient size to crowd. By making two sowings of sploach. one Id the fall and another In 1at% winter or early spring, a contin uous supply can be secured. Lettuce. Id growing tbl* crop In the open or to hotbeds and cold frame*, the beat result* can he secured by no win* the aeed lh a well-prepared bed and trans planting the young plant*. Sow the seed thinly In drill* 4 to 0 Inches apart and cover about one-half Inch deep. For fhe beat result*, transplant the .voung plants as soon a* tbey form the flrst true leaves. Ret theae plant* In a cold frame 2 lochea apart each way and at soon as they reach a height ?of H4 to 2 Inches, take up the plants with ? trowel or apnde noil ?et to the permanent bed. If planting In the field, aet the planta 8 to 10 Inches apart in rows 14 Inches apart. When transplanting to frame*, the plant* ?banld He set 8 to 10 Inches apart esrh way. Lettace seed Is sometimes sown la rows Jn the Held and the plants thinned oat to stand the proper distance.' The soil for lettuce should be thor oughly prepared as very little cultiva tion can be fir en when the plants at tain considerable slic. While the plants are small, the soil should be cnltlrated to keep down weed* end prevent a crust forming- In Jhe frames, a hoe or hand wesder can- be u*?d. while In tte open a wheel "hoc Clin be us..I to good a'dvaatage. There are two general types of let tuce. loose leff sitd the heading type*. Of the loose-leaf types, the Grand Itap ld* and Black Seeded 8lmp?on are among the best varieties, while the Big Boston la the best variety for market > Ifc ' j -' in i i ? of the head tJi* Fur hums use, *ha Ilanituu ot California Crwu Butler might be grown, aa they ara of better i quality thkn the big Boston. The markets of tha Hast demand ? hard head lettuce of the Big Boat on type. Mil the market* uf the Central mm 1 ?nor* of the looaa leaf lettuce. L'uleaa | growing f?r local market. however, U , la beat la grow the headed type, be canae large goualltlaa of the other kind | are grown under glaaa la the central , state*. tplaaeh. ! Spinach can be grawn In the opeo i In all aectluna along the coaat from Norfolk. Va.. aouth and in practically all sectlaas of the lower tier of South ern Mates. in th? colder reglooa of the Sutiih, tlila crop can lie grown In tha open with a little protection or la j canvas-covered cold framea through out tha winter. The aoll ahould be made falrljr rich. Well-rotted mtjuirr la the beet fertl- ? llaer, but If Jhla la not available, apply at the rate .of 00 to 100 pounda of a high-grade fertiliser per tenth acre. 1 .low the manure or fertiliser broad- j cant and thoroughly harrow Into tha 1 hoII. Klve ounce* of aeed will mnka ' two planting* on the plot 20 feet ?quirt la drills 10 to 12 Inchea apart. : Thin the plants out to stand three or ; four lncbea apart. Frequent shallow . cultivation by hand or with a wheel l^e should be given, ft'ben grown In framea, the cultivating must be done by hand. In mmt sections of the South, however, spinach can be grown In the open without any protection, as a bard freexe causes very little In jury. The variety of spinach moat com monly Jrown la the Savoy. At Norfolk, Va.. the large truckers grow a strain of this variety called tbe Norfolk Sa voy. Radish. Kadiahe* should be grown rapidly to Insure gnqd table qualities. The soil should be fertile and contain abundant moisture. Fresh stable tna- ; nnre should not be used, however, aa Is would produce excessive leaf growth. Well-rotted manure Is the beat fertili ser and should be applied at rate of about two tons per tenth acre. If no manure I* available, apply at the rate of 100 poonds per tenth acre of- a good grade complete fertilizer. So* the radish aeed In row* 12 Inches apart In ?he Held and cover Jne half to one Inch deep, depending Upon the soli. On llfrtit, dry aoll, cover one Inch deep and on heavy moist aoll, cov er one-half Inch. When grown In hot beds or cold frame* the rows of radish i need not be more tjian four or five fixities apart, or Just w lile enough for hand hoeing and weeding. There are three types of radlahes. turnip-shaped, olive-shaped Rtid Ions. Of the turnip-shaped, the best varie ties are?the Scarlet Olobe and Scarlet Turnip. The best of the olive-shaped are the French Breakfast and Early Scarlet. The Charter Long Scarlet. Long White Spanish and Icicle are the best varieties of the long type. SOUND RADISHES OF UNIFORM SHAPE AND SIZK. NEED MORE CHICKENS Poultry Industry Called On to In ? crease Meat Supply. . In ' Many ?action*. Particularly In South, Number of Fowl* on Indi vidual Farm* Should b* Very Largely Increaaed. ? * __ (Tnm the United State* Department of Agriculture.) The secretary of ?*r1 culture point* nut the Importance of Increasing poul try oo tiie fitrm* In the following let ter transmitted to the American roul- I try association through Mr. Harry If. Lmnon: 1 hope that the romln* meeting of My American Poultry association, which yon will attend aa a representa tive of the department, will be high ly successful and productive of good result*. I need not p<rtnt on? that "9 I adequate supply of foodstuffs Is esaen Hal to the effective prosecution of the straggle la which we are engaged. We moat not only supply tmr own need* j hnt we mnat endeavor to meet In part the needs of the nhtloh* with which we are co-operating. The poultry In dustry can render very great sen-Ice to tile nation la this emergency The production of poultry Is one of the heat mean* ofehrlncfng about a qnlrfc lncreasc In the meat .supply of the country. In hiWny sections, fartlcular ly In the South..?fie number of fowls on Individual farms can and should be very largely Increased. If the Im proved method* which have been worked out by the experts of the state agricultural collage*. fh? e*perlm,nt stations, nnd the department of ag riculture. Were generally adopted, many of the problema confronting poultry men would be aolved or mlni miied. The department la co-oper:it In* with the Induatry la many dlnc tlona and stands ready, of course, to render any aaslstance It can. FIRE KILLS MANY PARASITES '? i.. * Burning Out of Stubble Fields la Waatefut, But It Maa Another tide for Confederation.' We feel that the burning out of KtOt)ble In flelda nnd pasture* la waste ful. but It ha* another ride that calls for consideration. Insect* of many kinds Infest theae flelda and take a share of our hard-earned farm pro duce. The Are destroy* myriads of these Insects or their eggs If It Is ap plied at the right time, and If we use the lire It Is up to us to study the bnb Its of the most troublesome Insects and destroy them. ~y FILLING SILO TO CAPACITY ?llo Carefully Packed Will Held Much More Than One Caretoaaly Filled ?Prevent Spoilage. I'se of sufficient labor to Insure thor ough packing Alls the silo to Its rated ^opacity and at the same time prevents spoilage of ensilage around nlr pock ets. A, silo carefully parked will hold ninch inore than one carelessly paaked^ In a Win over 12 feet In diameter It muy be found profitable to keep two Bien or two or three hoys busy at th? P*tk-, Take the Htn? Along. When you go after anything In the poultry hontrwM be sore to take the bona along with yon. J .. .2 f?.. ^1111 i d Deal In Facta. <? But It l? boat to, ninny* deal Id fatta In the pooltry buntneaa, becaune It we. fb Clattle, Poultry ?ueinaaa. Tfce poultry bualDeaa la elantlr, and It fcmaetlmea Mretebea aa far an onf'a I fancy will permit. Flr#t Kgg la Smalleat. The flnrt fgt mm by a pullet la th* nmnllwl nnd the alee Increaaes fru'lil-, ally until Mrnut a doeen have lu'ea laid, when they begin to decreaac. Exerelae for Cow*. Let Hie oowa oat for water nnd, exerclae while the atablea ore b' inf < leaned out. It mnkea th? ' wori I ?a*ler and doea Dot worry the tow X Until breeding time cornea, It la u?fc, | ftable tb produce Infertile etf ,?/" ?= -p- , ? UVE ST0CK-FMT-BAIRYINMIWENINI-F1ELI CROPS-SUBS -PUS ' Jl<? WriaktM HARM ? - M AND I ip i n ?"-"~ ? Agriculture # J? ILiLlL' ProHUW. toio ii m nniESTtn manner exmesslt wr on readers | CHARCOAL OF MUCH BENEFIT OlaMt'" Apparatus tf Hoga Kspt III ?ood Running' Ordif Mito Uaa af Cam Caba. CkV" >1 la good for boga. It keep* their d,t.-?tl?e apparatus in good run n,n* 'Mar. Corm cob# make good "ban properly charred. On naarty > very farm moat of tbe ooba are allowed to collect In around the feed ioIb until they become a nul haace. Why not father up these cobs aad in?ke charcoal of them for the hogs? It can be dona la the following manner Dtp s pit about 10 feet long, * feet wide sod S or 4 feet deep. A larger hole than thlseaa be made, depend ing upon the amount of cobs to be burned with some paper and cob* or kindling start a Are In the center of the pit and as It gets a good start add more cobs. Continue adding cobs until the pit is filled, than lay some 4>ld sheet-Iron across the top and cover with earth to bold In the fire ?and smoke. Leave alone for two or Otpee days, then open and If the pit was prosily made and filled, the cobs will hare turned to charcoal. This can be taken oat sprinkled with salt, lime and copperas and placed where tjie ho** can get at it CARING FOR FARROWING SOW SserciK Should q* Given and Corn Ration Decreaaed? Don't Feed Too Rich Ration. Bxcrri*e the sow gaily before far rowing Decrease the corn ration and Increase the tankage rather than the ?Addling*. For 24 houra after fnr rowlne do not feed the sow, or feed lightly Water should be supplied. , Care should be taken not to feed the sow too rich a ration, ltore milk nay he available than the pigs can take. und milk fever may result. After furrowing, the pigs should be given plenty of exercise, to prevent thump*. Kails about the sides of tbe pen will keep the sow from lying on the pin. If colony houses are used, a lighted lantern bung Inside on very cold nights will help to keep tbe houses warm. BABY BEEF SIRE DESIRABLE 1 M Farmer Cannot Afford to Use Any Other Kind in Strictly Beef. I H Producing Undertaking. If yon are engaged In beef produc tion and raise your steers use a real "dyed In the wool" baby beef sire to make your business a profitable one. You cannot afford to use any other kind of sire In a strictly beef-produc ing undertaking. * There are Just four breeds of cettle common to America from jrhlch real bnDy hcef aires enn be selected. These are the Shorthorn, Hereford, Aberdeen Asgus and Galloway. The market want' meaty, blocky beeves, and sires of these breeds are the kind that pro duce thia type because beef production has heen bred Into them for genera tions past - The way to get a good baby beef sire Is to huy one. Own your own bull If you have ten or more cows. It Is the Champion SMrthorn Steer. only way to be certain of results. Roy from ? reliable breeder, and If possible tton a man yon know. By all means j b? sura to buy from a man who main tain a disease-free herd. Ti e"better tlie aire you um the great er i- the Improvement which he will pri?!uce In your herd. Use one that la beti<T titan any other animal la your her.! and In buying a new aire always get ona better, If possible, than the *?' . MINERAL, MATTER FOR SWINE ? ? ? ? Mixture of Charcoal, Slaked Lima and Small Quantity of Salt la De al rabla In Winter. t I orlng the winter, whim tho ground -k froaeo; It la rery dealruble to pri> rld'' nilDeral matter to hogs la tlio1 fom of a mixture of charcoal, alnktHl lic e and o maiill quantity of aalt. Thli ?ulxjure can'be placed in a box wlirre th pigs enn pat a? much aa they want. It rt-coal duat can oauully be had at a { much lower coat than charcoal, and It ?e< m* to anawer the purpose quite aa ' Straw In Stack Ratlen. t ttraw may be oaed In tbe feed ra ti ri for horaea, sheep and rougher cpt tl with ullage and a atnall amount of, amln. Thla cheapens the ration ana it vet good hay apd grain. for other m ? ?Biii in MANURE GOOD FOR ORCHARDS No Other Fertility That, Will Stimulate Qrawth on Tree* Better Than Barnyard Manure After fnilt trees bear a few yeare. If the soil was orgipaily thin, a drr? lot of barnyard munare may be need ed to keep the treea In growing con dition and to Insure the formation of fruit buds. It nrlH be required that the treea grow every year In order that they may form fruit kuds. Since growth la necessary, nitrogen In the ?oil will be neeeaaary also. Warm soil may lack available nitrogen, hence the need of harnyard manure or commercial nitrogen. Old orchard soils may need organic matter. This the barnyard manure will alao snpply. There is no other j fertility that will stimulate growth in trees better than barnyard manure, for ; It affords both organic matter and nl- . trogen. j In- applying manure to large trees j do not make the mistake of applying i the manure dose to the tree, around the trunk. The young roots where the plant food is to be obtained for old trees may be considerable distance from the trunk of the tree. It Is a good practice to spread the manure np far away from the trunk as the branches extend, possibly farther. This will provide that the manure Is above many of the roots that are to absorb plant food. * DANGEROUS SAN JOSE SCALE Insect Multiplies Rapidly and It la Only Matter of Time Be/ora Orchard Is Deatroyed. (By PRESSLET A. OLENN. Illinois Ag ricultural Experiment Station.) It Is difficult for one to realize fully the dangerous character of the San Jose scale unless he has seen its work. It feeds on the sap of the host plant. The amount of sap that a single indi vidual, or even several hundred Indi viduals could extract could not injure a healthy tree or shryb. but the species ! multiplies so rapidly, that from a few scattered parents millions of progeny may be produced In a season or two. sufficient to cover completely the bark of, parts, or even all, of the-tree. Most of our Insect pests have natural ene mies which so restrain their multipli cation that they become destructively abundant only now and then; but those of the San Jose scale are inade quate td its control. A young tree or shrub may be killed by the scale in Mature Malt San Joaa Scale/ two or three years; older trees with stand the attack longer, bat sooner : or later are likewise destroyed. Young orchards are killed out more quickly than old ones; an* where young trees are set In old Infested orchnrtls, they i also become Infested and die before ; I hey are old ennucb'to, fruit, *\Vhwru-, this Insect Is [treser*. orchards or oth er plantations containing trees sus ceptible to Its Injury can eoly be pre served by spraying. 4 . WINTER KILLING IS AVOIDED Many Orchardlsts Harden Trees In Late Summer and Early Fall by Planting Cover Crop. Did yoa lose some of the tree* In your orchard by winter-killing last year? R. B. Crulkshank of the Ag ricultural College Extension Service, Ohio State- university says that many orchardlsts are preventing winter-kill- ; ing by hardening their trees during the late summer nnd fall months. They cease cultivation In Auguat and plant a "cover crop of clover or rye. This takes the^nelstor* out of the (oil which ordinarily would be taken up by the trees. Orowth of the tre? la finished by this time and the lack of in(Mature causes fhe wood to become llrmer. Little dnmage said to occur where this practice Is followed. ? AVOID H*PM BY "SUNSCALD" Beet Preventive Probably I* Whitewnh ?Liberal Amount of ftalt Will Make It Stick. During the winter I* the time when Injury is done hy wlint la commonly termed "eunacald." The beat pre ventive la prolwMy whltewaah. White uiiah mnde (rum atrong, freah, atone lime will atick fairly well If n liberal amount of anlt la added. Flour pucte \ or a araall amount of glue will alao help. Qrado and Pack Carefully, fie careful to grade and pack apple* well for market. Only Arm. aound fruit ahould be uaed nml thla ahonld be of uniform ait^ and quality, no mat ter whether the box or barrel la need. A Good Crabapple. The Whitney, crah la n good canning aort. It la atralght. upright-crowing I ttee. Oood for a back yard Id town or city. rr , Plume on tandy ?oil. Pluma do well on annily anil. PRUNING OF FRUIT TREES IS ESSENTIAL | - ? Will-Pruned Apple Tree and Peaph Tree Pruned After It Wee Set in Fi?l& Troper pruning of fruit trees is ab-_ solutely essential to the production of* good fruit And yet there la no other necessary work about a farm orchard so constantly neglected. And when It Is dfne. In the majority of cases, it is only half done. As a result of crowded limbs, and thick foliage, half of the fruit produced la of small site and bad color. Now, all of thla Inferior fruit la un necessary, for It la entirely possible to hare every npple on the tree, of good full slie, and color fully up to the standard of Its variety. There la no sufficient excuse for the prevailing neglect of pruning, for It my "be done In the winter time, that season of comparative leisure In the country. The months of November, December and January make up the right trimming season, soys Iowa Homestead. If done at that time the wonnds dry up, so that N>ss of snp later becomes unnecessary. But 1ft this work is done in February an? March, It Is so near the period of the flow of sap that bleeding becomes in evitable. Much Depends on Age. In pruning a tree to secure good fruit, the amount of work to be done depends upon the age of the tree, and the previous work which has been done upon It to keep It in shape. A t?e which haa been entirely neg lected until It is ten years old pre sents a hard problem when you wish to bring It Into shap<v Three-fourths of the top should be removed, but as to take that amount off at once would be a serious shock to the <ree, it is customary to take two years for the work, cutting out hajf of the superfluous branches one winter?and as many more the next year. - The wise way la. never to let trees Ret Into that crowded, overgrown con dition. Avoid Ml Crotches. When three-year-old trees are first planted, all crotches should be avoid ml, and (or the next two yeira trees should be examined occasionally and ao eat aa to secure a well-balanced top. For mnnj reasons high topa are the best?high enough ao ha to admit a full-grown man walking about them upright. ? As the tr?es get larger, naturally more and more work will be needed In pruning. Thrifty eight to ten-year-old trees \tlll make an ustonlshlng growth of wood In one season. Bear In mind that the tops should be kept thin enough so that the sun light can penetrate to an parts. It Is light which makes perfect fruit?Other' conditions being favorable. Remove Weak Limbs. ' In general, remove the weakest ' limbs, and where two interfere cut one. Then shorten In all branches which show an abnormal growth, thus preserving the symmetry of the tree. ? Water sprouts?those sappy shoots which have started since last prun ing, should be cut without mercy, ex cepting In cases where one Is needed to Oil a vacant place. If you have followed the rules for pruning, you will have a spreading, open-topped tree?so scattered in foil- ! age that It will be a poor shade tree for a hot day, but exactly adapted to the growing of large, showy apples. Owing to the prevalence of strong southwest winds. It Is best to plant , trees with a little lncilMtlon to the two-o'clock sun. and Id pruning en courge the heaviest top on the same side of tree. It Is customary to snf: Make a smooth cut; and a very little thought will shoW the necessity of this. Na ture will repair the damage, by heal ing over the wound as Soon as possi ble. But If a rough, uneven surface Is left, It Is difficult, or perhaps Im possible for the bark to cover It All cuts above an Inch in diameter should he-palnted with a soft grafting wax. This Is needed, because the hot sun will check the wound and water will penetrate. ? VALUE OF SPRAYING ' IN APPLE ORCHARDS * L Demonstration Experiments Have Been Carried on at the Mis souri University. During recent year* the University of Missouri College of Agriculture at Columbia In co-operation with a dum ber of practical orchardlsts has been carrying oa demonstration experi ments In the value of spraying, prun ing and the general renovating of neg lected orchards In Missouri. The results of these demonstrations show that apple orchards well man aged csn be made to yield the largest profits of any Missouri farm crop. On the other hand neglected orchards In the same neighborhood hardly yielded Interest on the valuation of the or chard. Dnrtng 191T the results of proper spraying snd pruning have shown larger profit than In any previous year. Dfcrlng the lsst yesr neglected orchards have set very little or no fruit. The Uttle fruit which was set here and there wna for the most part small, wormy and of low market qual ity. Orchards properly sprayed and pruned daring the last two or three years have set anywhere from a fair up to a heavy crop of fruit. The qual ity of apples on well-managed or chards this yenr haa been the best produced In Missouri In recent years. Orchards properly sprayed and well managed Have yielded anywhere from $100 np to several hundred dol lars per acre, net. Neglected orchards In the same neighborhood have yielded anywhere from nothing np to $18 to .. ?_ ' 120 per acre, hardly enough to pay In terest on th# valuation of the land and the expense of crowing the or chard. Some nrchardlnta have he?l to ted to assume the expense of equipping' top spraying, and of employing the labor necessary to properly prune the or chard. There la a fear that should the crop fall the orchardlst would not be In position to pay for his spraying outfit and hi* spraying material. Many Missouri orchardlsta last spring complained that the rainy weather and cold nights dnrlng the blossoming period prevented the bloom from setting fruit, or killed act fruit nn frosty nights. The killing waa due ulmoat entirely to the fact that Id neg lected orcharda the bloaaoms were weak. In most of the properly man aged orchards, at least-a fajf crop of fruit set and matured to fine condi tion, due to the fact that trees kept | healthy can usually set fruit even dar ing trying weather. , SUCCESS WITH SHEEP FLOCK Future Lamb Crap Depends Qreat Deal ?n Feeding and Breeding and Cara of Ewe a. A great deal depends nn the future lamb crop, not so jnuch for mutton aa for the production of wool and the In crease of farm flocks. And the futare lamb crop depends a great deal on the feeding and breeding and care of the . ewes during the next few months, says n writer In an exchange. The Imprea- , slon that a sheep ran subsist on any thing may be partially true, but In our ninny years of experience with them I found that It paya, in the thrifty con dition of both ewes and lambs, to give the sheep careful attention. Olapooo of Inftrier Stock. Now that poultry foods are high Id price only th<- bent pullets and yearling hens should ho kept. An/ Inferior iitook. or hens too old to lay, will not make ? profit on the food Consumed. i " ' ' Valuable Food Ammunition. Keep the ben* In laying trim. Their "shells" are valuable food ammunition. Cow and Sow. The arm of tba farm la the cow and 'bo sow. Filth In IwmMr. In tbc busy mmon, by the preaanre of other aupponcdly more neceaaary work, It la very easy to neglect the poultry houae and to allow filth to^col liM-t. Thin should not be, tor the ben la one of the beet cropa on the farm. ? Ground Feed for Chloka. Provide for the chit-ton freiil* (round feed when the (raae become# tough Allow them accee* If poaaible to the cornfield. Here there 1* aufllclent green feed and abundance of (hade. ? ? Vv w j/ . jM PUREBRED SIRE OF BENEFIT Um of Animal \KMf Result In trwl Improvement if HHa VO Better Cattle. There never haa bean a time when the coupon cow waa at audi ? dis advantage to her owafr aa the pres ent time. It takea a food cow to paJ " her way tbeae time*. A great many rowa will be sold thla fall becanaa they would be unprofitable thla winter, and yet every cow that will produce a calf la needad by the country. Ia It not a good tttne to make a reso lution and llve'np to It,' to have bat ter cattle? The common cow waa all right for cheap land and cheap feed. She must still do ta mother better Superior Purebred Bull. eowa, for the great majority of farm ers who still have common cows. Get ? purebred aire this fall, and If yon ran, 01# that can be used thla fall. The use of purebred sires for ten yean will generally result In a herd that paaaea In api>earance for purebreds. Surely It Is worth while. A man Is not aa good a farmer aa he can be, unless be la Im proving his herd. FISH MEAL GOOD FOR COWS Nutritive Value as Affecting Milk or i Butter Pcoductlon Compares Well With Cottonseed. The use of fish meal aa a feed for dairy cows Is not strictly a new feed, but only lately has the government seriously* undertaken a study of It as - a practical Ingredient In dairy rations. Fish meal Is a by-product of the flsh sardine canneries Is especially excel lent for the manufacture of high-grade flsh meal. Preliminary experiments maflf by the U. 8. Dairy Division show that the meaf has no detrimental effect on the quality of milk or butter, and that the nutritive value of flsh meal as affecting production compares favor ably with cottonseed meal. An aver age analysis, of flsh meal 1* aa fol lows: Water, 6 per cent; aah, 18; protein, 80; fcat, 14; salt, 5. Flsh meal is manufactured from the fresh waste of fisheries a process of steaifc cooking, pressing, and dry ing. It Is preferably made- from fresh water flsh to avoid too high a content of salt Drled-flsh products, known as flsh scrap of "pomace," are used considerably for fertilising purposes and flsh meal fed to farm livestock re tains all Its valuable fertilising prop erties. COWS REQUIRE PURE WATER Supply Constitutes Three-Fourth* of Volume of Milk and Demand* Dairyman*! Attention. All animals require plenty of good, par* water. This la especially true of the milking cow, as water constitutes more than three-fourths of the volume of milk. The water supply, therefore, demands the dairyman's most careful attention. Stale or Impure water la distasteful to the cow and Cw will not drink enough for maximum milk production. Such water also may carry dlseasfc germs which might make the milk unsafe for human consump tion or be dangerous to the cow hep self. During the winter, when cows rft stabled the greater part 'of the time, and unless arrangements have been made to keep water before them all the time, they should be wate.-ed two or three times a day. If possible, the water should IS or 20 degrees nbove the freeslng point and ahobld he supplied at practically the same ? temperature every day. URGE SKIMMING RJCH CREAM Saving Can Be Accomplished by Turn of Cream' Screw, and Is Well Worth Effort Required. In skimming a hundred pounds at 98 per cent cream, IB more pounds of skim milk la kept on the farm than when the same amount of 20 per cent cream Is taken. This saving can be accomplished by ? turn of the cream screw, and at present feed prices Is well worth the effort required. More skim milk On the farms slso means more calves raised to furnish .meat and milk for all. Milk producers are paid for the butterfat In cream) not for the water and other constituents. This makes It advisable to eklm ? rich cream. Keeping Milk Clean. One of the beat helps toward keep ing milk clean, la the uae of a pall with a partially dosed top for milk- > Ing. This keeps most of the dirt oat at the milk. Ooed Judgment Tells. Not the teed used but the good Judgment with which It la fed deter mines the slae of the cream check aai the amount of prom. Pen an Abomination. A filthy calf pen la aa shoaslaaIHfc I'll
The News-Herald (Ahoskie, N.C.)
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Dec. 7, 1917, edition 1
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