Newspapers / Highland Messenger (Asheville, N.C.) / Dec. 19, 1845, edition 1 / Page 2
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Ml- t : f '.a eic'.-ilva ;...';c:. cfi!3 tcrriiorr. Ti.isr, y.'.CO i. vr. J. - . ' ' r: ' .ling. J six:!, L..t 0 l:c proper nr C si l:r. ) T.aitl ...itt.ai:.ry cj:i,i t J t?l V jUt vkUlif: U.S C 1.: .1 dCilb.l. the f.fu!(tl. . irr-trj f WJf ell o'jr jjrltiictijn, civd an 1 crim"aI. Cv'lU Is imrticdialtlv fitcn led over cur c;;.z:.:j,b Oregon. nf have hi J ca3s 13 er .faia of our Urjjf nrgUxt in this rr.Ir-I.r, ..J hifs i i B5P keen crrr- : d. lor . iwir pn ctuih."- ter al!ih a provisional government t. Strjn Ju their iahVgianco fif t er. J ir-Vcf fa tl.cir attachment to tlrr Unncd Calf s. f!.e? lavo been ihut cast upon their own retewecs, Tlcjr arc nns'un: ttmt our )wa il.o-JJ . to rxienJcil tcr them, odJ 1 ai chv as pnxiuit-', in uc iu.i ext.. t U w!t!j nrili.h lrl'utmnsl lnvr proceeded in rrrJ to UrhUU eul'j.kct in ihir territory t by ihiur act of July hcsccunJ,1821 i"t rrgulatin lh TuMradt', ani cstau!i!i ic acrimlnil anil civ'I 4fiiilictiodwiiliin ecru i a partr, of North America.1"" By ih ftzi Great Driuio eitcnJeJ Iter livi aol pthSicilontcmi and crimtnul, oirerlcr tub. jctj, cfiaged in the fuclradtt in tint tcrriiary. i Jy it. the coartt of the proiincof Uppcf ef causes civil anJ criminil. Jtutiei of the aceand oiher judicial oSlccrs were authoriz ed to he appointed In Oregon, with ,owcr to cx: :uto ill procets issuing from iho courts of . lint provini. , and ti " alt and hold rcouits of record for tli0 trial of criminal ofltnecs nW ' misdcincanors,' out mid the subject of.cspi. tat Mi1liuinl ' anil rf Itmt miVwrf the icauM of action slU not escccd in Taluo the amount or sum of two hundred . pounds. 'l , u SJjbicquent to the de f this act of Vat- lismcnt, a grant was made from the British ..crown? to the Hudson's B iy Company, of tho rxclfilro trado with the Indian tribes in the . Oregon territorr. subject io rcserTathm that it shall,' riot onerate -to tho exclusion uf th6 subjects: of any foreign States wha, under or br force of any convention for ih time beiTig, lietwttn us and such foreign States respect ivelv. rnn v be fntlilntl to.ind !ia'.I I irnpnpfd J " - -- o o in, ttie saia traao." "- It Is mucl? ta bo rcirriUcd, tint, while un C: t this- act British subjeefs ho.ro enjoyed, the protection of British1 laws and British judicial tribunals throughout the whulo -of Oregon, . American citizens, in the same territory , havo cnjijed no such protection from their govern ment. At tho samtimc. tho rcsu!t illustrates the character of our people and their iiistitu tlonsl In spile of this neglect they hnro moiUnlicd, and their number , u rapiJIy in creasinz in that territory. They havo made no appeal to arms, but havo peacefully forti fied hemsehres in their new homes; by the . adoption or repuuiican Institutions lor them selves ; furnishing another example ; of the truth, that self-government is inherent m the American breast, and must prevail. It is due tolheta i that they should bo embraced end prolected by our laws. lating trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes eoit or tho Kocky Mountains, should be extended to such tribes as dwell beyond : them!, :"..'r-V. I v fU rtio increasing cmi?ratUin a Oregon, and - - -1- -a o : - -,. f - ii ; r ; - f , , the caro and protection which is due from the government ttf fts ciiizsns ""in that distant re. gfoa,make it oar duty, ascit is our interest; toctiltivato amicable relations with the Indian tribe; of that territory. Vot thw purpose; I v recommend that provision be mado for es. jtiblistiing an Indian agency and, such ;slib. ftgentics as may be deemed necessary,, bo. von J the Rockv' sJauntaln9.V ' ." I- ''M ' For thoJnrotoctiou'of emigrants whilst - r . their Way tS. Oregon, aciuist- the attacks t he X India n tribes occ upy nj tho cou nt ry throujh which they pass, I recommend ihbt a a'titablo number of stocdes and block, houio forts bo erected along usual route bctireb ouf frontier sculcraenti on the Mis souriind tho! Rocky Mountsias; and that an tJcquate firco of mountcif riflemen bs raised ta guard and protect them on their j urney. The immediate adoption cf these recommen dations by Congress will not violate the pro. visions of the extsling treat. will bo dd. ing nothing more for American c'uizens than British laws havo long sinco d ine far British subjects in; the same territory.1" hf'Ov s- j . . It requires several months to perform the voysgo by sea from th's Atlantic States) to Oregon ; and although wo have adrg num. bar of. whtlo chips in the Pacific, but lew of them afford an opportunity of interchanging Intelligence, without great delay, between ;our esttlcmc"t in that distant region and the tioi. ted States. " AnSverland mail is belwved, to 1 be entirely practicable ; and the impo rtance of establishing such a mail, at ieat once a month, It submitted to the favorable consideration of .Congress.?'"" ;'''" :.. 'V- ' j-.j 1 It is submitted to tltc wisdom of Congress to determine t!..:thery at their present session, and until after tho expiration of the year's notice, ny oilier measures may bo adopted, consistently with the convention of 1827, for the security of our rights, and tho povcrn ' mcnt and protection cf our citizens ; Ore- goo. , That it will ultimately bo wise and w iiMft nuerai graun oi mnu iv me patriotic pioneers, who, amidst privations and dangers, lead the way through savage tribes inhabiting the vast wilderness intervening be tween our frontier settlements anduWgon, ntiiw cuhiate, acd are ever ready to do. fend the soil, I am fully satisfied. To doubt whether they will obtain such grants a soon . as theconTeniioo between the United States on j ureal unnio snm have ceased to rr.t 1 feci may be made, consistently with th . pf that convention. , . , r ; Tha recommendationa which I haV rriade 'as to the best manner or securing our rights ia Oregon, are submitted lo Congress with preit deference- Should they, in their vi. uji:i, uciiio 'J wiuci ikjja uciicr caicuiOia tatccorrplish the same object, it shall meet with my'hearty concurrence. .,... . At t!. - of thevcar'a notic; should Con grcs3 t!.i.-!; it proper to make provision for ivir tht notice, we shall hive reached it rcrbi when tha hitbnal rights ia Oregon must either bo abandoned or (irmly maintain, cd. That thry cana?)t bo abandoned without wou.J be to doubt the justice of Cor "ca bal, pending the year's notice, it U wory of Consideration whether a stiautatinn . .kirir .. American t V. llt'i J ... Vly, iV- tM nw t i J cxi . -c. Fur ths grc-" Ij oa which lint j ili'i rrsif I k for y-i J :orrrpn Vnce ,rf tU-l !i aniJ j.'im.:' ii c rotary cf S:aia ? t: ti pre' t t -p.r. ; ry unrintne- -.'i.tn. 1 1- Un;u.i pu i.:nri u! com. , ..: , v.-jM r.ri'J tVo Cjrabu the tniiU f -iJ cs, w!:!ia irii.ag addf. ti in of detached turrit ry to the Untied S:aUs, north nf that5 river, and uoiiM Icjve 03 the BritUU side t-lhirds uf the tvhh Oregon territory, incltiiing tho free narigion of the Columbia and til the valuable harbors oq the Pacifo, cau never, fjr a moment, be enter, rained by the Uuitcd States, without an aban donment of (heir jit and char territorial rights; their bwo self respect, and the national honor. For tho informatiou of C ingress, I communica'c i.Itercwith t. tho corcipondenco which took place, between the .two govern merits during hc late negotiation. - Toe raprdcxJcnsion ofour settlements over our ti'tritorieslierciofoie uaoccupted ;jho ad. dition of new states to our confederacy ; the expansion of free principles, end ouf rising greatness as a nation, ore attracting mo ai- lentioii f the pjviers oi nurope ; ana lately ihs d.ctrine has been broached in some ol them, of a M b -ilanco of poc'" on 'this eon- lincnt. to chccknur advancement. Tlic Uni. led States, sincerely desirous uf reserving re 1 1 1 ions of gftodun Jcrsta nding w it h all oat ion , cannot m silence p!rmil anv Koropcan. inter ferenco on thd: NorthlAmeriear. continent; and should any such interference bo attempt cd, witl bo ready to resist it at any and sH htztrds. - h"W- 7t Hv.i; r: ltii well knutrn to tho. American people and to all nations, that this government h is never interfered vith tho relation subsisting between other governments. We Inve never maue.. selves paniea io uieir . ' ur ureir alliances;' we I have not mingled wuij parties io their domestic strti?!?les : and believins , jr - . op ,j our own forth of government to bo the best, we have; never attcmpted to propgato it by intrigues;! by,dilomaey, or byforce. Ve may claim on this continent a tike'exemption frem huropean interference, j I be nations oi America sro eqmlly sovereign an$ ind;pciid. ent with those l( Kuropo. They possess the same rights, independent of all foreign inter position, to matto war, to conclude rwaco, and to regulate their internal oflfairs. people of thor Uniied'SiateS cannot, therefore, view with icdillercnc attempts of European pow. ers to intcrfuroj with the independent action of the nations of this continent. The Amer icaq system of "government is entirely difler ent from that of Europe. Jealousy among the'diflerent suvcicigns of Europe, lest any one of them might bcCwno too powerful for the rest, has cabscd them anxiously to desire tho establishment of what they term the "bil anea of power' Jt' cannot "bo pennittrd to have any application on thoNorth American continent, and especially to the United States. We must everf maintain the principle, that the p'coplo of this continent atone huve the right to decido their olwn destiny. Should any portion of them; Iconst'tuMng an inde pendent j state,! propose to unito themselves with our confederacy, this will be a question lor them, and us to detormmc, without any foreign interposition. 1 We can never consent bat European fovcrs shall interfere to pre vent such a Union, because it might disturb tho "balance of power" which hey ni'iy de siro tomaintaiuj'upon this continent.- Nuarn q iarter of a century ago, tMe principle was distinctly announced to the world in the annu al message of otio of my predecessors, that tho AmerK'on'contincnts by the free" and in dependent cou lition which they h ive assumed aud maintain, ne henceforth nt to be con. siJered nxsuhjects Tor future colonizttiou by any European ijower." ,(JThis principle Mill apply with greatly increased force, should nnv European p-4eij attempt to estibi:jih any new polony in ' forth America. Ju the existing circumstances or uie wjaciii, ttno present is deemgo aj' propc odbasio to reiterate and re affirm the principle avowed by Mr. "'MonrOo, od 'to state my cordial concurrence in its wisdom anl s iuld pjlicv. The reasserlion of this principle1, especially in' ri ferenco to North America, ii ; at this day but the promrul gition .of a policy which 'no European power should cherish tho disposition to resist. Ex isting rights of every European nation should be respected; but it is duo alike to our safety and our interests! that the efficient protection of our laws should ba ex ten Jed over our whole territorial limits, and that it should bo 'dis tinctly announced to the world n our settled policy, that ho future European colony or domiuion shall, with our consent, be planted or established on :any parfonhq North Amcr ican continent. I 1 . ' j A question ha recently arisen under the 10th article of tlic subsisting treaty between the United Stated and Prussia. By this arii. clo, the consuls of; the two. countries havo the righr to sit as jtidges arid arbitrators in such difTc'rcnccs as may jarisej between the captains and crews of the vessels bvlon?int 9 the nation whose interests are committed to their charge, - without iho interference of the local authorities, unless the conduct ol Iho crews or of the captain should disturb the order or tranquility of the counirv ; or th said consuls should require tlieir asUtanceto causo theii decisions tu bo carried into ifTixt of supported." if -y. ii; ; rf;3, -(i..fj. (Tho Prussian consul at New. Bedford, ia .wu, u'mivu in ...,jusuco otory to imuiuixi oecision maae oy mm be tween the captainjand crew of the Prussian ship Borussia ; bu the request was refused on the ground that, irithout previous legislation by Congress, the Judiciary did not possess ine power io pive jtneci io ma article of the treaty. The Prussian gorernmeot, through their odnistrr here; have complained of tl7'a tioTatioQof tlie trcatjr, and have asked the government f the' United Stales to adopt the oeccsnry measures to preyent i Tir vkili uuiia ucreaiier. vjiouu ligiii ia iJwcSiaas ciiasto other nations with hoiu ,z have similar treaty stipulations, requires that they shou!d be faithfully observed. I hive deemed it proper, thereforei to lay the subject before vngrcs, ana ta recommend sucTi fecislati jn smav b nptrti rv I . vit ... . - treaty obhgn : 3r. i. ' ' ted vessc been : l ' j- mutual n isim ,r .I, ... ishnds opayment S ;iT?"c. d of fire cem, nerton.a; .' r"Lonn? Spanish yss; a,id this.o .: V o . " 5-"umwixJana that Ql the-UGiJ is, since iha ',-.,r " - . ,1 uienor in i .:cJ ! ..re ' ...... aav c ' rcc rrr. i ,'v. r.g rc , ; the -ct cf ll. . 1 2 Jn f Ju. Ceci to ll.l arm. -croc;. L- irt - ccn t!;s two ivcrtr-cr.sithry cor.frncd the Fu reduction of lunags djty in.rciy la S,nr.ib vcsse!s 'cuff.-; I a port in SVIn," brav-i ing tha frnner discrhnin'.trQg duty lo remiia n'itr.-" ?JC;r "rriscis romi'V from a port in anv,o..cr coontrr. Ir is jminifestly unjasi that, whilst Ameiican resrlj. arriring iu tla polls of, Spain .from other countries, pay no nvredu!y than Spanish vessels, SpanUh vcs. sets arrivtn?; in trie P9rta of the Untied Stat cs sliouid b-j suhj'.ctei s from otter countries. til heary dtscrimiLiling j lonage duties- Tliis is neither economy nor reciprocity, ana is in violation of tho orrangement .concluded in Dfcembcr, 163 1, between the two countries. Tho Spwnhdi government hve made repealed an J earnest , remonstrances! against this ine quality, jand the lavorable attention of Con grcas has been several 'flmcjs", invoked to the subjret by my predecessors. I recommend, as an act, of justice to Spain!, that this inequal. ity be removed by Congre37"and that tho dis criminating duties which have been levied un der the Iact of tho 13 h of July-; 1832, on Spanish vessels coming to the United Slates from any o&erYorcign country, be refunded. This recommendation jeluies nui embrace Span ish vessels arriving in he jUfuttod Stales from Cuba and Porto Rico, whir will still remain subject lo'lho act of una 13ih, 1311, con cerning koriige duty on sucli vesseU. By the act of the Hlh ol July, 1632,'roft fee was exempted from doty altogether. ThU exemption was universal, without rrlcrencc to the cOunlry where jl wal protlu red, or lhs national character of t lie 'vessel in which it was imported. By th : taniT act of the 33th of August, 1812, this exemption from duly was restricted to coflTco imported in American vessels from5 the pUco of its production ; while colTcc imported under all oilier circum stances was subjcteijl duty'of 20 per eent. ad valorem.' Under jlhis act, and our existing treaty with' the Ktagof the Nether- lauds, Jdjva cuuee imported! frooi tho E iro pean ports of that kingdom into the U. States, whet he r lin Dutch or American vessels, now pay this ratp of .dutyj I . (,(;, f - The government of 'tho Netlmrl m!s com plains that such a discriminating duty should have been imposed on coffJe, tho production of one of its colonies, a nd which - is brought from Java to the portal of lliat kingdooi, and cxportcdjfrotn thenco tjoj foreign countries Our trade . with the Neilx rlunds is highly bencticiajl to both countries,! and our relations whh them have ever been oi the most friend. ly charac'.cr. Under all circumstances! of the caseJ I recommend thil this discrimina tion should be abolished, and that the coifec of Java imported from! the Netherlands.be placed upon the samo, footing ; with that im jtortcd directly from Brazil and other coun tries where it is produced. - Tiio commissioner appointed to China du. rinz tho special session of thi Senate in March last, shortly afterward set out on his mission in the Uj b. ship Uolumuus. U.i arriving at Rio de Janeiro on his passage, the state of his health had become so critical, that, by the advice oil his medical attendants, he returned to tho U.I States early in I the nunih of Ooto. ber last, j Commodore Biddle, commanding tho East jlndia squadron, Proceeded on his voyage in the Columbia, rind was charged by the commissioner wiihklra dutv of exchang ing with the proper authorities the ralifUa tiuns of the treaty lately concluded with the Emperorbf China. Since Uio return of-th commissioner.! to the-U. Si his health has been much improved, and jlie entertains the confident belief that ho will soon bo ublo to proceed oo his mission. 1 Unforlunately, dilHirenccs continue to ex- ist among soma. of the mtiou of South A merica, which, following: our example, hive esiauusncu meir inuepcnaence, wniie tn.otn ers iutcrnni dissensions prevail. Ii is naturnl that our sympathies should be warmly enlist I .' l! 1 1 1 "- .!'..! 1 ' i . i eo in inoir. wtnare ; inatrwc snouu itcsire that all controversies betweien them should be 'amicably adjusted, and iheir givermn?nls administered in a manner to protect the righis and promote the prosperity 1 k( . their people. 1 is contrary, however,' to our settled policy, lo interfere iu their cohtroversies, whether cxicrnai or intern u. ! f V ' I have tfiiis adverted to all jthc subject con nected with our foreign relation, lo which 1 deem it neceessiry to call your attention.-- Our, policy; is noi only poade with all,Vbut good will towards all the Powters of the earth. .While we litre just lb ail,! we require that all shall be Just to us Excepijing ihe duToren-' ccs wi'.h'Mexico and Great Britainour rcli lions with all civilized naiioniare of ihe most satisfactory, character, .j It $ hoped that in this enlightered age these differences m:i) be am-caoiy nujustca. ; j , The Secretary of the Treasury, in his' no nu l report to Congress, willi communicate ia full statement of the condition of our finan ccs. The imports for the fiscal year ending on. the 33ih ol June lastj wi;jre of-the value of one hundnd and seventeen millions two hundred nod fifty-fjur thousand five hundred and sixty-four dollars', of which the amount exported was fifteen millions three hundred land forty-six thousand eight hundred and thirl ijr uouars weaving a on ia nee pt one liunJred and one -m llions nine liundred and seven tbomVnU seven hundred and khirty four, dot iar lor domestic consmnpuonL The expms for the same year were of tlie value of one hundred and; fourteen millioris six hundrc and forty-six thousand six hundred and six dollars ; of which ihe am urt of. domestic articles was uuieiy-nine millions two tuiiiilred and ninety-nine thousand seven hundred and seventy -six dollars. -The receipts into the treasury uuring ine same-year were twentv mue millions ! seven Jmndred and sixtv.nine thousand one hundred and thir y-three dollars end fifty -six cents ; of which, there were de- rived from customs', Jwchty-scven millions five hundred and iwcnty-t-iirhtl thousand hn hundred and twelve dollars and seventy cents; fromjMcs of public Jaod, twb millions se-yenty-seven jhousand and twenty. two dollars and thirty cents; and from incidental and miscellaneous sources, one hundml onrt J. ty-ihree thousand nine IiundreJ .aod ninety, eight dollars 'and fifiy-six cental Th,. n. diturcs for the same period were twenfytnfoe millions nine! hundred and sixty-ciht thau sand twoliundrcd and six dollars and inp-tv: eight rents ; ff which, eight millions five hun dred and eighty-eight thousand one hundred and fifty-seven dollars and sixty. two cents were applied to the payment of the nuhlir debt. The balance ia the treasury n it, first of July last, was seven minions six huu- ared and fifty-cisUi thousan f lores hundred- and iix dollars and ttrcnty-ttvo cents' n i .1 3 S i. . I Tl J amtiu -Vis t' -t r uma.d on tlic .rstofUjl r ;ut,was s- w .asand four I teen vail Ions ;vc:jt,.ve t dred at. hav -r ri-trptr-rc'-irtprit iM tt-r tS, nilt!lOIt'" Con Ci'trrA i:rn ihe Sceretarv of ' tha Trtrisury hj it s n;u or Jotv 2lst, 1911, ti l f A? 13, 1812, and M irch 2J;" 1S13, had ' wit the unsettled slato of ikii; relations with ilexicu menaced hostile collision it h that power. In tiew ol su;h aeobtmgency, it was deem ed pruJenl lo retain i the treasury ari amount unusually hirgc for ojfdinary purposes- A few vears our wlftlo natmml eo crowin out of tile Revolution ao4 tlie war of 1812 with Great Britain was extinguished, and wc nresrntrd 'lo world iho rare Blid nolle spectacle o a great and crowing peo- nlrt uhnri.id f:i!lw rKHrirfH! irT ohll!ation. Si pee that time, jthei existing debt has been coniracieu ;; ana sarnaii as ii is, pu cuinpiwM with ihe similar burdens , of ihost other na tions, it should bo extinguished at thd earliest country permit, a fid,. especially, if oui" foreign plated to apply all the moneys in the ircasury as they accrue brvond what is n-ouircd for the appropriations' by' Congress, to its liquida lion. I chcriohihe hope of soon being able to congratulate. th country on its recovering once moru the lo!j)y position which it so re cenjjiccupied. jjOurcouutry, whicli exhib its to iho world tlie benefits of st-lfjgoyeri; ment, in developing all the sources ot cation ai prosperny, owes m manuinu ine nerma. neni example of a nation free from the blight in? influence ol nfpuulic debt. The attention ol. Congress is invited to tha importance of. making suitable modifications and reductions of ! tha rates of. duty Imposed by our present tan ffc laws. The uboct of imposing duties on'iimporis should be' to mise revenue to pay the jjaejrcasa'ry expenses ol gov ernment.. Congress! may, uu loubudly, in tho exercise of a sound discretion, discrimin ale in arranging thd rWes of duty on ddHircnt articles ; but the discrimination! should be within the revenue standard, and be mad wan the view to raiso money for the j support of government. I ' ll becomes impota)t to understand dis:inct ly what is meant by h revenue- standard, the ,rnaximuin of whieh thould not be exceeded ih the rates of dutyj imposed. Il is conceded and experience proves , thai duties may be laid so high as lo diminish, or prohibit alto gether, jlhe importation of any given jnrticlc, and thereby tssenjpr destroy tho k-venue which, at lower rutes yould bo derived from its importation. Suc3i dvties exceed the re venue rates, and nre'iot imposed to raise mo ney for the support o government. It Con gress levy a duty, M" revenue, of tine ppf cent, on a given article, it will produce n giv. eiji amount of money to the treasury, tond will incidentally and necessarily offird prolcction or .advantage, to the amount of one pr cent. lutiie nomc manulttcturer ot n similar or iue articlo over the jmphrtcr. Il" the duty he raised to ten er centlit will produce aj great- er amount of money ,and afF ird greater pro tection. If it be still. raised to twenty!, twen ty. five, or thirty, percent., and if, Ks il U raised, the revenue derived from it is found to be increased, the pni'.ction or advantage will also be increased ; bit if ii bo raise.l kujhir-ty-one per cent., andj'ft is found lhat tho rev enue produced at that rate is less than at thir ty per cent., it ceases lo be a revenue' duty. The precise point in ilj ascending scali of du. tics at which il is ascertained from experience that the revenue is gratest, is the maximum rate of duty; which cti'a be laid for the bona file purpose of collecting money fir ihe sop port of government! j. To raise the duties higher than-that poim, and thereby dimiiish thu amount follectedas to L-vy them fiir pro tection merely, - nnd noi for rcveninf. As longi ihen', as Congress may gradually in. reaso ihe rate ot .d.ifry on a givrn rinicle, and the revenue is increased by such increase . f .1 ...1 -i j i -i - J i of duty, ihey are within the revenue stand- ard. Wheri they go'heydud that poin and, as they increase tho dolie's: the revenue is d minishedor destroyed the act ccasos to have for its object the raising of in ney to support governia.'ot, uu: is lorjprotection mrelv. It does not follow ihit Congress should lew llur highest duty on all articles ! of Import which ihey will bear within the revenue stand, ard ; for, such rates ivuld ! probably produce a much larger amount jthan tne economical administration of the government would re quire, j Nor does it foMow that tho duties on all articles should bo b! thesame, or a hori zonlal rate. . ; Some arflclcs will bear a touch higher revenue duty tldo others., B low ihe maximum of the revenue standard C in'Tcss may and ought to discriminate in the' rates imposed, taking card jsb to adjust them on oiiierent articles as trt broduco in the liggre gaie me amount wliich,r when added lo the proceeil of sales of; public lands, may be needed to pay the economical expenses 'of the government. s . ' Tn levying a tariff of! duties. C injTreis cx ercise the taxing power' and for purposes of revepue may select the objects of taxatibn.--- i hey may exempt certiin articles altogether, and permit their importation free of duty.- v"k-i i;ict may impose low duties. In these classes should bcieinbraced surh: arti. cles of necessitv ai are. in rnnnml i especially such as arc consumed by the labor er and the spH)r, as j well as by the wealthy citizen. Care should: be taken that all the g.reax interests ol the country, inrluding man ufactures, ogricuhure, commerce, naviaibn and the mechanic arts should, n.s far os mav be practicable, derive ecual advantages from ll;e inc,mI P'otwnbnhich a just Hystcm ... ,crU u..winij aii,jr(i. Taxi.ionldi. rect or indirect, is a burden, and it should be so imposed as to operate ias qualjy4na may be, on all classes, in IhejproportiuD of tMr ,i- , imiKe ihe laxin power an actual benefit to one class. neces.ril ! creases the burden of , th? other beyond their proponion, ana.wouMbd manifestly uniust; - : iuuu3ir, gagty in...K nlltlArf In k... i I I and is -ai as the manufacturer, the man . of fnfflm.;.. the navigator, or the. mechanic, wh , are ,eo' gaged also io " domesii Mndustry-' i diflerent pursuits. bathe exclusive-recipients, of VJ r.i and fjrir-is uIirsn J fifty-tocc. rlher. pijmcnu; rAz debt wuviia ebeea cude.maaticioatun of live pen" are of popular import ; feut they should apply under a j isl system lo all; ihe vari.u branch csf inJjstry in our. country. The farmer or planter who toils yearly in his firLU t. S Ml J . . - t K ', a iui lauora o these classes constitute Hie arerrafr' r '.T I m domestic industry W are equally entitled to theS nation, it .!vL -iTor-! lbyincreasi T b; '.z I -'us,.r-M cf t J ha for dense ers. xiews Ls correct, iucmair.s to U If t. M.r how far th taria .oi - Th,t ovinv of the provisions of run iu-;-t . ' . - -n. nr;ft. ti act arc iu viuUlKn UlKtn Ol tow i rinks hcrcuu --.- T r-tesf dutyimpo,edbyit !iciesarephihiioy,and on o c " . - - l .1 ...... !l mlKl C niust concede. on some ar. ;rs aoli'gh i . . as creaujf iu. -- , . rdoec a less amouni oi - L derived froo. nir. rates, i ncy . n, - o proTectron merely ,'to one branch vt - doiSl: industry M taxing other branch 1 es- ffvtho introductioa of .minimums, or as t,y mo . iltfj w imnosition d and taise va ur, i . articles, and partially so n ot'irrs, one most heavily on articles of cumivjir rt ly, aUd out ligm.y u -"-- is so Sramed that rnucu u i,V""V" . which it imposes is thrown --. orcr classes who are least able to uc.ir . , . nndi xomnls tho rich fnm pying their just proportim of .the tax ation required for the supjwrt of government. tvi.iL. r..t.t He caoital ol mc weauoj mahufacturer, and increases his proti.s, u a. Ko.u f.1 the oneraiives or lalircrs in hiscriiplovment, whose wages h:v not been incrcasedVy it.' Articles ot prime necessity or of coarse quality and low; prices,, used oy the masses of the people are, in many inslan ces, suhjted by it' to heavy taxes, while r.f. i;Mot finer tioalitv and higher price, or,o! luxury,' which can be nse.1 ouly by the opu lent, are lightly taxed. It imposes heavy and uniust burdens on the farmer, the planter, the r..mmrriul man. and those of all other pur suits iexrrpt tho Capitalist who has made his invmi'nK in manufactures. 1 AJ1 the great interests ol the country arc not, as neatly as mav bo practicable, equally protected by it. Tha frovcrnment in theory kuows iw dis tinction of Dcrsons or classes, and should not bestow upon some favors and privileges which all others mav not enj y. It was the purpose of its! illustrious founders to base thu itislitu tions whico ihey .reared upon the great and unclnnsinj! principles of -niid rquity, conscious that if adminUte: J in the spirit in whicli hey were concci v r if, . ihry 'would be felt only by the beacfitsAvhich .they diffused, and would secure for themselves a defence in the hearts of the people: more powerful than standing armies, and all iho means and nppli. anccs invented to sustain governments found ed in injustice and oppression. -v. - j Tbe well known tact that ihe tariff' act ". 1812 was pissed by n rnj irity of one voU. in ihe Senate, and two in tlie House of Rprr sentatives, and that some of those who felt themselves constrained, unders tho peculiar circumstances existing at the lime, to vote in jits favor, proclaimed its defects, and express cd their determination to aid in its modifica. tion on tho first opportunity, nil rds strong and conclusive evidence that it was hot in. tended to be permanent, and of the expedi. Vncy and necessity of its through revision. " I In recommeodiii to Congress reduction' of the; present rates of djty, and a revision and modification of tlie act of 1812,' I am far from entertaining opinions unfriendly to the manufacturers 6j ihe contrary,! I de sire to( see them j prosperous, as far as ihpy can bo so without imposing ungual' burdecs on other interests. The advantage i under any system of indirect taxation, even within the revenue standard, must bs in f ivor of the rnanufacturing intcrest ; and of this no o:her interest will complain. I recommend to C ingress the abolition of Fie 'minimum principle, or assumed, 'Jarbitru. ri''. and false valup . nnrl nf Knr7Mfi A,i' fo anu sunsiiiuiing inttieir place au valorem duv ties, as the fairest and m st cquitabhiiridircci tax that can be imposed. By the ad valorem principle, all articles are taxed" according to their cdst or value, and those which are ofin ferior, value, or of small cost, bearonlv the Must proportion of ihe tax withMhose which uru o, superior qu uiiv or greater QostJ The articles consumed by all are taxed al ihe same, rale. :A system of od valorem revcnuQ.du". ties, with proper "discriminations and jiropr guards against frauds in collecting' them, ifij not doubled, will affird ample inciJentarad- vamage io the nianuracturers, und cnabl them to derive al "f- profits as c.f be deri- yea irom any & 3Qar business. Ii is believed' that sue yyjein, strictly within uj revenue sianuaro, will place tho mannfac. turing interests on a stable footing nn.l init tdther: permanent advantage; while it will, as nearly as may be practicable, extend to all die great interests of the country ihe inciden lai protection which can be affirJed by.oui revenue law,. , oucri a vstem whc .irony esiaoiisried,! would be perrhnneut, and u,JJ'l constant complaints, rita lion nnrt nr.n .i i " i - ' , which must ever occur when duties are not hid fur revenue, but for . pr.jieuuon merely of a favored inter est. . , 1. I T .1 ' J J . , , . uHf uouoerauons o! Cmgress on this sub- jCvi, . nopea mm a spirit of mutual eon .w.. -uu compromise between conflicting iii.ii urevan nmi ik !. . . t. , cy tne. constitution of the U. S. il t, nro. V7- , f "uy snail bo drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appronrlr tionsmade byJaV." A public treasu ' -yv,,. w,ujH inej,uWic moDrj should be kept frm ,he period of colleciiurr uniilW r f--.uto -inthn.colleciibhasJd ww.v.u. ui mu uuunr. mnn,., ... ' fm"oyeaDy law, except law. and unrWlil. i: l. "cul?a b' trol. , It U not to be imawV . CD' of the cogitation cduid G bdeS treasury should bereattfj as a olac , .3 ' V posiie and safekeeping of ,he public ZnS whtch was irresnJnsiblfl i 1.J inrt.ntJr The first Confess umfpr, K Z. L V the act of:the"secQnd SZr ed for the appointment o a treasurpV ' i made it is his duty trr:?r noney, of .the IL States d " lhe osubrnirto.the'Secre'taVy.ofthT r.r.or eitheriof thm nspectjen of the taoneys ia hi, hands.?': which if anccific duties, the iiijusik -1-of the act of 1812, in its pracltcal pe diuerent classes and P-npo ' felt. I Many of the oppressive duties impos td Wit under the operation, f P'' Scs -ran-e from one per cent, to more. than So'iW ?ent. T.-yare pioh.hitory on some i ueiir ?It CIlKl, , Uy 1I1C government, direct ly responsible to it, and under its con.ruTl be confided to a nuhlir i r,.- ' , 7 , . ''enLiu iu - y. ' ,yr--!:cncf intheconstitulif Mis money, is narir.it," fie i t banks of Ii"' ' t" irv. - Their c.Pp- CX!3!l J I;l ttlJ CJ JJ.I k.i.1 s -I'posiiories wm . d c wiSna avoJ intrr.tion cf ccr.tl;3 then writS-iioa ha Ut..,ry cf :iv peraiaoc i ; UonT cmp!ojtJ;it-wafro.nnia.,; tivnaof Ml . . -d COnwuii-ovw. ' Our c7pVrie.ee has shown that y n. corporations have been the keepi;; . ublic Lney, and been thereby -nf nultli i 7 " . .1,., r.-i ih treasury, i" do treasury, na.s T. " ' J'; . aronty that it can wmmcind the use. of, money for public purposes. . Jhe late it ' nmred to be faiiWesiw. --- ----- m . no guaran 1 1 . tV UanK Ol inu vi.-" i" - . The State Banks which were afterwards plJycd, were faithless. ; 'But a few years sgo, . wi.h millions nf public money in jbeir keep,, .ivprnment'was brought air. osl ta i . .; .... IT ; nrnvea IO and great incor,. .r.ience anu iu? u... ed by the puV rrom II... tiaa- coul7 Iwm involved l.. a lorrign wi , w u ience and loss would ha. d been m-; great. cr, and might have resulu d in extreme pubbc calimitv." The public money should not b( inrnK-d with tho private fun s oi.oaoxsor individu-Is, or,bj used for private purposes... When it is placed in banks for sale Keeping, it I in effect I vmrd to them wiinout mirrcst, nd is loaned by them upon intcrMl Wine iit. - r . I Tl ....KIT. ninii , rowers trum tiirm. i ne ..pyooi. u converted in o banking copttal, and is us. tf and KanV d out for ihe iirivate prvln oi ank stockholders ; and when called for, .'(as wa m the case in 1837,) il may be in the pockeU of sthii borrowers irom'the banks, insieau ot b iniQ tho public treasury contemplated bj the consli'utiirti. ' 'The framersof the coristi, tu'.icn Voud never have jntendl that the mo. neV" j a-d into the trcasury should b' thus con. verted to private use, nud plaeel Ufvoadilie control of the government. j 'r.nM; credit serious! bankruptcy, auu-1" -.... . impairedbecatisc of , their .n lityjo pay, ondemr to the public ere-, in tha oa. ly currency recognised by the constitution.-. Their failure Iccurred. in a period of, peace, B inks which hold the public; m inoy. arc.of. ten tempted, by .a dcsirn of gain t extend their loans, increase ihvir . 'cirrutution, . and thus stimuiate, if ni pnduec aspi.it of spec, ulation and extravagance, which" sooner or lilt r 1 must resu't in ruin to thousands. .' the public money Tie not permitted to ho thus, used,! but he kepi in the treasury and paid out to tliH public creditors in gold and silver, the temptation all uded by itsdp-' sit with banks I51 an undue expansion of th ir business would be checked, while lheamunluf the consthu. liouaf'earrncy left in circulation woulc be enlarged, by its employment in the puh'ic c 'l cions and di-sbursemintnnd the bfioks t U. nisi Ives would, m consrqtu nce; be found Tnr afer and sou: d r condiiiori. -, .! f ; Atjpresent, Stattf bunks . oreVmploycdi as deprhoii( s, but without adequate regulation of law, whereby the public money can be se cured against thu casualties and excesses .'re vulsions, "suspensions, and .defalcation,'! to which, frm over fcsee' oyer, trading, on' in ordinate desire for gain, or otl er causes, they t arc omsranlly exposed. Tho Secretary i tlie Treawry Jvs in all 'case ,3 when' it was pnictieabV,' faken collateral security for the amount which" ihfj b4d, by ihe plt-ilg of ration of the n;ouevs tf ihn.irnmnt r.... swcks oi inc .u. o atcs, or sucji of ihe State as were in good credit. . ,S-mc f iW'drpoi. itc b nk have givonl.is'descnpiion of .secu. rit and others h ive declined, to do sbV Eu'cnainirg the npiniun Ihiit 'rthe sepa b inking insiiiuiions j3 indisprhsablo for the 1 saretyof the funds of the government end tlie tights of the pro," rrtcommend :to Congress that provision be 'mad by law for such wpwion, and, that n .constitutional treasury be ccated fer. the safe keppin of ' the public money. The. constitutional -trea. sury recommended is'dcsig;riedas a secure de. psitury for the public' money, without nnv powt r to make loans or discounts, or to issue any pnper wh never as a currency,or circula. tion. 1 cannot doubt that such a trpn,, . jvasrontcmplated by the constitution,, should be independent of all hanking corporations M--i yauus ana oaths, and who are subject to severe punishments for Any enihrzzlcr-H private use, or n,isapplicsliJn fjnds and for any -failure W ? 2 to pr rfurm the r dgti.s. ; , ToW that rtfo rif pic or thei r government arQ inL pl t not to be t.u,ted : -with the 'custody ? ih'Z own money; in tht irown f--"8uwf flJPi by ihemselvr-s, but must,; , Jt T ? cashiers; and stockholde.s'of ! -,ac?!t raMons, not, appointed by them ir COrr? ble uTUicmf. would bo iVS-i '. W re rncompetent f In recommendinf the e,K-Md' ' i . constitution;! I - - - ; . ot, a monnt- .K..ti i -I. .iiir puaiic that all xccuilve;iriiscrtt 'tslnll be removed;; except such 'on or tontroloTBr necessary in direct as may be ,r,5 Us disbu nuwruancrwif " iwineui in ..i t r tt..j 7 "iT"jnauona rnaxfc by Jai cab-be entered to one do Isr 7n7. - cen's per acre.' JJ S!JVV nds remain unsold, iSu ,-5rlBr command that PrirAT th Dot he public lands r"c. TJl Prs ,lha. ral States and Territo ?S "Sl? b lhe 'eve" tua.ed, ihirir-fiS rS E? ?" b,ch lher five thousand? hmaj acres have been in Z . seventycven i hundred andorwl""r,yiSh oomJ f"ur xhL'h 'i?'JV,hr?? n,i!lioMienir. In ic .... r "i t"J"?rel for mon illinaoneha"drcSr t""3"!i ia nine hundred iF jB,SSntmy-i Ihousind man-hve venr t ncrej? tor more these I.inrio ,:n ..L .r . ' cse lands win luo argesi, portion of he mint: io oe unlsaleableaf led lands ve not been si", ?r8 wlua.M Potions, imarkrTLe??led 8MMllf brought1 .t. .1 ' vieu.iii.. - " b'ernment. ---. uw . II n rrn With tha nor land; .rZ:"u sctu?ent cf thesa fsfa.) ' H a .K . . f' x I.VJ 1 frarfin.i the price ba imam rate COnrlf ed,LcIowlhcP",.trr.:3. prices t, ' .. M,t'S.,!'-3 "1" at the reduced .owuier. -t.rl -..I. . . i . ' i r , ,,c ..ouu;o dc Kent in ih. reSury of th() J- iwiW W jhoscn. br R.vcrnmcn!. .' ,i ...j.r.L OO moneV ii lhr na....L. .U ..J r . . h I' j i wuiiivaiora :b. limited
Highland Messenger (Asheville, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Dec. 19, 1845, edition 1
2
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